非謂語動詞用法比較

1、學習好資料歡迎下載非謂語動詞用法比較He came here to borrow a bookpretended to be reading when my mother came in.She is said to have bee n sent to Europe on bus in essBeing a stude nt, he was in terested in books.Having donehis homework, he went to bed.The question being discussedis important.四用法比較（一）不定式和-ing形式作主語的區(qū)別1

2、. -ing和不定式都可以作主語，-ing作主語表示一般或抽象的經(jīng)常性，習慣性行為，不定式作主 語往往表示具體的或一次性的動作。Learning a foreig n Ian guage is very useful.It is not very good for you to smoke so much .你抽這么多煙對你身體很不好。（具體）2. -不定式做主語，一般用it當形式主語，把作主語的不定式短語后置。常見句型有it is adj. （of/forsb.） to do sth.It took will and patience to do anything well. It is n

3、ice of you to say so.3. -ing 在"It is no use/ no goodjseless + doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語，it 為形式主語。It is no good writing to him; he never answers letters. 寫信給他不妥，他從來不回信。It is no good crying the spilt milk. 覆水難收4. 主表對稱原貝U Seeing is believing.To seeis to believe.（二）.不定式和ing形式作賓語的區(qū)別1. -ing形式作賓語通常表示一般的、經(jīng)常性的行為，而不定

4、式作賓語表示特定的、具體的、一次性動作I like swimming ,but I don' t like to swim today.2. 1）有些動詞或短語要求只接不定式作賓語：hope/ ma nage/ refuse/ prete nd/ pla n/ offer/ decide/agree/ fail/ afford/ happen/ should（would） like/love/ be likely + to do2）有些動詞或短語只接ing作賓語：enjoy喜歡；practise練習；finish完成；avoid避免；imagi ne 想象； keep 保留； mi n

5、d 在意； miss 錯過； suggest 建議；admit 承認 ； risk 冒 險；dislike 討厭；appreciate 欣賞；forgive 寬?。?delay 耽擱； excuse 原諒；feel like 想 要; give up 放棄； put off 推遲； look forward to 期望,keep on 直,set about著手, She finishedreading the book （看完這本書） yesterday.Will you admit havi ng broken the wi ndow?你承認不承認打破了窗戶？Do you feel lik

6、e taki ng a walk?你要不要去散步？We are look ing forward to coming to China.我們期待著來中國。Do you mi nd my smok ing in the room ?你介意我在室內(nèi)吸煙嗎？（三）作賓補時，三者的區(qū)別1.有些動詞接不定式作賓補：（和賓語有主謂關(guān)系強調(diào)動作將發(fā)生或全過程；表一次性動作）Tell/ order/ persuade/ i nvite/ force /warn / en courage/ get/ ask + sb to doHe asked me to finish the work in time.2感官

7、動詞，使役動詞后接do/doing/done作賓補：do（和賓語有主謂關(guān)系強調(diào)動作將要發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成,do變被動以后前要加to.）doing（強調(diào)動作正在進行，尚未完成；延續(xù)性動詞）done（表動作已經(jīng)完成，或被動，多強調(diào)狀態(tài)）注: have make letget（使役動詞 ）；listen to hear look at see watch observe notice findfeel（感官動詞）I heard her sing the song many times.I found her listening to the radio.I heard her singing the s

8、ong whe n I passed her room.Speak louder so that you can make yourself heard.I had my bike repaired yesterday.（四）作表語時三者的區(qū)別1）.不定式作表語一般表示具體動作，特別是表示將來的動作。My job is to help the patie nt now.（說明主語具體內(nèi)容）2）-ing形式作表語： 表示抽象的、一般性的經(jīng)常性的行為。（說明主語具體內(nèi)容，主表可換位）His hobby is collecting stamps 表令人如何如何”（主語所具有的特征），如: aston

9、ishing exciting moving' surprising tiring interesting amusing shocking worryingHis report is interesting. The music sounds exciting.3）-V-ed :讓人感到如何如何 ”（主語所處的狀態(tài)）如：astonished excited moved surprisedtired in terested amused shocked worrieddisappo in ted frighte ned marriedpleased puzzled satisfied

10、等The cups are broken.She is interested in the job.Clea ning wome n in big cities usually get paid by the hour.（五）作定語時，三者的區(qū)別1.不定式作定語表未來的動作且后置，若為動賓關(guān)系，動詞須為及物動詞。常常修飾代詞 anything/something/noting，名詞 chanee/ opportunity等或由序數(shù)或形容詞最高級修飾的名詞。You are the third one to en ter the roo m.I have somethi ng importa nt

11、to say.I need a pen to write with.The question to be discussed tomorrow will be important.2. -ing作定語表多位于其前表示其性能、用途（無時間性）He has a readi ng room.a sleep ing car表正在進行（主謂關(guān)系）即主動進行，可換為定語從句；a sleeping boy The girl gathering flowers isbeautiful. The questi on being discussed now is importa nt.3. 過去分詞作定語有（動賓

12、關(guān)系，表完成）即被動完成，可換為定語從句。a broken cupThe question discussed yesterday is important.All the people invited to the meeting are VIP.（All the people who are invited to the meeting are VIP.）We can see a lot of fallen leaves on the ground.（We can see a lot of leaves which have falle n on the groun d.）（六）.作狀語時

13、，三者的區(qū)別（常都可以變?yōu)闋钫Z從句）1）不定式作狀語通常表示原因（謂動之前）目的（謂動之后）（可用so as to/in order to替換） 結(jié)果（意想不到的結(jié)果，常為only to do）We were very excited to hear the news .To get there on time I got up very early.He travelled around the world to give lectures.He rushed to school only to find there was nobody there.2）-ing或過去分詞 作狀語通常表示

14、原因 時間 條件 讓步 結(jié)果（意料之中） 伴隨（逗號）（主語一致性；-ing表主動，過去分詞表被動）Hearing a sound ,the baby stopped crying.Given an apple, the child stopped crying.Not satisfied with the result, we decided to do the experime nt aga in.Having lived in the country for many years, she knows how to grow vegetables.When/If heated, ice

15、will be changed into water.Seen from the top of the mountain, the village looks very small.Being very small, computers are widely used.His pare nts died, leavi ng him an orpha n.He cut off the electricity,preventing a n accide nt.The teacher en tered the room,followed by some stude nts.The teacher e

16、n tered the room and he was followed by some stude nts.非謂語動詞特殊用法：一. 下列情況用不定式： .sth. be adj（harddifficulteasyheavy） to doThe questi on is difficult to an swer. .sb. have sth. to doI have a lot of work to do. .There be sth. to doto be done There is no thi ng to talk about. .find （thi nkfeelc on siderm

17、akebelieve）it adj to do sth There is no n eed to do. 一般介詞后面不可用不定式作賓語，（except, but除外）He has no choice but to lie dow n and sleep.She did nothing but cry.注：不定式作結(jié)果/程度狀語常見五種結(jié)構(gòu)： so.as to do 如此 以致suchas to do如此以致enough()to do 足以tooto do太而不能only to do 結(jié)果/未曾料到 做了某事二. 在 “have difficulty (trouble, problem, a

18、hard time, fun, a good time) (+in) + doing ； be busy (in)+doing ; There is no point (in) + doing "等結(jié)構(gòu)中，in 常要省去。The children are busy doing their homework. 孩子們忙于做作業(yè)。There is no point (in) making the simple experiments once again. 再做一次這種簡單的實驗是毫無 意義的。三. 在(be) worth后面只能用-ing的主動態(tài)來表示被動意義。His suggesti

19、on is worth considering.他的提議值得考慮 ,此句可轉(zhuǎn)換成：His suggesti on is worthy to be con sidered.四. 下列動詞即可不定式作賓語也可不定式作賓補：wan texpectwishpromise + (sb) to do五. get have leavekeep +sb doing使處于某狀態(tài) )I ' m sorry I ' ve kept you waiting.六. 注意下列動詞的用法：allow adviseforbidpermitintend (sb) consider(認為 考慮)-sb to do doingbe used to -do被用來做某事 doing習慣做某事can'thelp- doing情不自禁做某事 to do不能幫助做某事love, like , prefer- doing 般性經(jīng)常動作 to do 一次性動作need, require, want (需要)- doing= to be donetry- to do 試圖做某事 doing試著做某事start, beg in, con ti nue,(兩種形式意義區(qū)