劃分句子成分

1、一、句子成分的定義句子是按照一定的語法規(guī)律組成的，表達一個清晰完整的意思。一個句子一般由兩部分構(gòu)成，即主語部分和謂語部分，這兩部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括賓語，定語，狀語，表語和補語。句子成分是在句子中起一定功用的組成部分，包括主、謂、賓、定、狀、補、表等。句子本身的結(jié)構(gòu)是很簡單的，只不過是結(jié)構(gòu)套結(jié)構(gòu)。英語句子成分和英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)主語（subject）: 句子說明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east.          （名詞）    

2、 He likes dancing.      （代詞）Twenty years is a short time in history. (數(shù)詞)  Seeing is believing.     （動名詞）       To see is to believe.           （不定式） What he needs i

3、s a book. （主語從句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.  （It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語）謂語（predicate）: 說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)和特征。We study English.         He is asleep.     表語（predicative）: 系動詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。  He is a teache

4、r.     （名詞）       Seventy-four! You dont look it. （代詞）Five and five is ten. （數(shù)詞）    He is asleep.                 （形容詞）  His father is in.  

5、   （副詞）         The picture is on the wall.       ( 介詞短語)My watch is gone / missing / lost.                  （形容詞化的分詞）To wear a flower

6、is to say “Im poor, I cant buy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come.              （表語從句）（常見的系動詞有: be, sound（聽起來）, look（看起來）, feel(摸起來，smell（聞起來）, taste（嘗、吃起來）, remain（保持，仍是）,  feel（感覺） .  賓語(object)：1）動作的承受者-動賓

7、I like China. （名詞）     He hates you. （代詞）How many do you need? We need two. （數(shù)詞）We should help the old and the poor.   I enjoy working with you.  （動名詞）I hope to see you again.  （不定式）   Did you write down what he said? （賓語從句）    2） 介詞后的

8、名詞、代詞和動名詞-介賓Are you afraid of the snake?        Under the snow, there are many rocks.    3） 雙賓語-間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）He gave me a book yesterday.       Give the poor man some money.賓補：對賓語的補充，全稱為賓語補足語。We elected him monitor. 

9、;  （名詞）  We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （名）We will make them happy. （形容詞） We found nobody in.  ( 副詞 ) Please make yourself at home. 介詞短語） Dont let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （帶to不定式）Dont keep the lights burning. （

10、現(xiàn)在分詞） Ill have my bike repaired. （過去分詞）  主補：對主語的補充He was elected monitor.             She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名詞）

11、0;He is our friend. （代詞）We belong to the third world.   （數(shù)詞）  He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容詞）The man over there is my old friend. (副詞)  The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介詞)The boys playing football are in Class 2.   （現(xiàn)在分詞）The trees pl

12、anted last year are growing well now. （過去分詞）    I have an idea to do it well.      （不定式）You should do everything that I do.    （定語從句）狀語：用來修飾v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。   （以下例句按上述順序排列）I will go there tomorrow.&#

13、160;         The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather.    He studies hard to learn English well.He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.   &#

14、160;     If you study hard, you will pass the exam.  He goes to school by bike.                 Though he is young, he can do it well.       句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡單句的五個基本句型主語 不及物動詞 &

15、#160;     She came/ My head aches.   主語 及物動詞 賓語      She likes English.主語 系動詞   主語補語      She is happy主語 雙賓動詞 間接賓語 直接賓語   She gave John a bookShe bought a book for me.主語 賓補動詞    賓語 

16、60; 賓語補語 She makes her mother angry The teacher asked me to read the passage.（ There +be     There lies a book on the desk.  ）二、句子成分劃分的種類 句子成分劃分主要是對句子中的詞、短語和從句進行劃分。1.詞的劃分：如：1）Xiao Ming  bought  a beautiful flower.        

17、0; 主        謂    定   定      賓 2）What I said is that you are kind.     主從      系        表從從句再分: what I said   &

18、#160;        賓 主 謂 that you are kind        連接詞 主   系   表一般來說，根據(jù)詞性來劃分詞在句子中充當?shù)某煞质潜容^容易的，如：名詞可以在句子中充當主語，賓語，表語等。動詞只能表示謂語的各種形式；形容詞多作定語和表語，用來描述人或事物的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)等等。2.短語劃分：劃分詞組在句子中充當?shù)某煞州^詞稍難，因為詞組在句子中的位置不確定，單個詞作定語的

19、時候，一般放在所修飾詞的前面，如clear water,而短語作定語時位置正相反，一定要放到所修飾詞的后面作后置定語，如the boy under the tree ( 樹下的男孩)，其中非謂語動詞短語作定語，其本身又表示一定的意義：如：doing sth. 表示主動，進行的意思。    done       表示被動完成的意思。    to do      放于句首表目的，作定語表示將來。例：1）With the worke

20、rs working in the factory, I paid a visit to it.    2) With the problem settled, I can go out to play.    3) To be energetic tomorrow, Ill go to bed earlier tonight.    4) With the problem to solve, the newly elected Mayor will have a hard time.句子1）中 work

21、ing表示主動意義，其邏輯主語是workers，同時，根據(jù)句子的意思也表示進行的意義；句子2）中根據(jù)句意我們應(yīng)選擇用過去分詞settled來表示被動和完成的含義；句子3）中不定式位于句首表目的；句子4）中我們選用不定式to solve來表示將來要去做的事情，其邏輯主語為the mayor;。當然，非謂語動詞除了可以作定語，狀語，還可以在句子中充當主語，賓語，表語和補語等。如：1）To study English well is important.           

22、60; 主語為了避免句子頭重腳輕，我們通常用it代替不定式作形式主語。即：It is important to study English well.形式主語                真正的主語2) I like swimming in this pool.                &#

23、160;賓語3）My car is broken by my friend.                   表語4）I see the egg eaten by the snake.                   &#

24、160;   補語3.從句劃分：句子成分劃分中最難的就是由多個單句組成的復(fù)合句，尤其是定語從句和四大名詞性從句。如：I think what I want to tell you now is that I should tell you the reason why I came late for the concert which was held by the famous musician who support the idea that everyone is equal before music.     what在句子中引導(dǎo)賓語

25、從句，同時在賓語從句中what引導(dǎo)主語從句，并在從句中充當tell的直接賓語；that用在is之后引導(dǎo)表語從句；why引導(dǎo)定語從句并在從句中充當狀語；which引導(dǎo)定語從句并在從句中充當主語；who引導(dǎo)定語從句并在從句中充當主語；that引導(dǎo)的從句來解釋idea，所以是同位語從句。三、劃分技巧句子成分的劃分紛繁復(fù)雜，但只要我們掌握方法，用心去做，勤學(xué)善思，問題也就迎刃而解了。 主謂賓定狀補，                 &

26、#160;   枝葉主干分清楚，定語必居主賓前，謂前為狀謂后補。這是一段漢語句子成分劃分的順口溜，我們把它稍作修改就可以應(yīng)用到英語中。如：狀 （定）主（定）     狀 謂 狀     （定）賓（定）補   狀一般來講，狀語的位置比較靈活，可置于句首，句中和句末；單個詞通常作前置定語，短語和句子作后置定語；補語的位置不變。1.詞性劃分成分劃分，對于詞性的掌握也是非常必要的。例如，名詞可作主語，賓語，表語等，動詞要做謂語，介詞后要接賓語，連詞要連接平衡的詞或短語，還可

27、以連接句子，構(gòu)成各種從句。了解了這些之后，我們就可以把英語單詞按照這些規(guī)則進行排列，如：a clever girl 中間是形容詞，后面是名詞，前面一定是限定詞a clever girl前面是冠詞，后面是名詞，中間一定是形容詞a clever girl前面是冠詞，中間是形容詞，后面一定是名詞2.短語規(guī)則：對于短語的使用規(guī)則，我們也可以總結(jié)，如：所有的短語作定語都要放在所修飾詞的后面，如：The girl in the red is my sister. 穿紅衣服的那個女孩是我妹妹（1）分詞短語作定語后置，相當于定語從句。I admire people speaking English.

28、= I admire people who speak English.= I admire people. People speak English.（2）分詞短語作狀語，其邏輯主語與主句的主語一致。Seeing from the window, I saw a bird.= I saw from the window; I saw a bird.= When I saw from the window, I saw a bird.Seen from the window, a bird was small.= A bird was seen from the window; a bird

29、was small= When the bird was seen from the window, it was small3從句特點劃分：對于定語從句和四大名詞性從句的劃分，我們要以謂語為中心，首先明確各個成分在句子中的的位置，然后把從句看作一個整體，把定語從句看作一個形容詞，放在所修飾詞的后面，把四大名詞性從句看作名詞。如：1. The girl who is in the red is my sister.               &

30、#160; =adj.2. What I said is right.= n.3. I think that you are very kind.                  = n.4. The reason is that you are late.              &

31、#160;     = n.5. The fact that I won the game makes me excited.              = n.所有的從句都有一個特點，那就是它一定要有一個引導(dǎo)詞，這個引導(dǎo)詞可以是代詞、副詞或連詞。如：1. I like the place where I was born. 連接作用、狀語2. The fact that I won the game makes me excited.連接作用3. What I said is right.連接作用、主語四、實際應(yīng)用1.語法填空如：(1)I like the place _ I was born.在填空前，根據(jù)各種從句的特征，我們首先明確這是個定語從句，再看橫線后面的句子是否完整，完整就缺副詞，不完整就缺代詞。I was born.是個完整的句字，所以應(yīng)選擇副詞（when wherewhy）,最后還要看橫線前面的詞，place表示地點，所以應(yīng)填where