關于比較和比較級的用法

1、Chapter 25 Comparison and Comparative Construction nI. warming up exercises nII. Comparison forms of adjectives and adverbs. nIII. Three main types of comparative constructions.n1. “Asas” constructions n2. “Morethan” construction n3. “ (The) + superlative adjective/adverb + scope of comparison” nIV.

2、 Contrast between comparative constructions. nV: Comparative in advertisement.The Rainbow-Christina G. Rossettin Boats sail on the rivers,n And ships sail on the seas:nBut clouds that sail across the skyn Are prettier far than these.nThere are bridges on the rivers,n As pretty as you please,nBut the

3、 bow that bridges heaven, n And overtops the trees, nAnd builds a bridge from earth to sky,n Is prettier far than these.nTo Mr./ Miss. X:nI run the quickest.nI work the hardest.nI dive the deepest.nI travel the farthest.nI never dread to be the shortest.nI am not afraid to be the poorest.nI might no

4、t be the wisest,nBut I am closest to your heart,nSo Mr./Miss X, would you please take me as your dearest?Exercises:n1. Blank-filling and guessing.nFive sports stars are talking aboutn their performances in the past year. nConfident, difficult, easy, fast, fit, good, happy, old, tall, tired, strongnE

5、.g. I feel much stronger now than last year. Ive lifted 180 kg this year for the first time.nSport: weightliftingnConfident, difficult, easy, fast, fit, good, happy, old, tall, tired, n1) Yes, my game has improved a lot. Ive done a lot of training. So Im much 1. than before. And Im scoring more goal

6、s. The whole team is a lot 2. to beat now!nFitter, more difficult, nSport: footballnConfident, easy, fast, good, happy, old, tall, tired, n2) This car is 3. on the circuit. With the changes, everybody is much 4. about the engine and gears, and its a bit 5. to drive than it was.nThe fastest, happier,

7、 easier, nSport: motor racingnConfident, good, old, tall, tired, n3) Well, Im a little 6 every year, and I get 7 after a race these days. But I feel 8 with every race, and if my legs are strong enough, Im sure I can win again!nOlder, more tired, more confident, nSport: runningngood, tall, n4) Oh, my

8、 games much 9 now. Ive grown a bit 10 , which helps my serve, and Im winning more often. I still prefer playing doubles, though.nBetter, tallernSport: tennisThe Rainbow-Christina G. Rossettin Boats sail on the rivers,n And ships sail on the seas:nBut clouds that sail across the skyn Are prettier far

9、 than these.nThere are bridges on the rivers,n As pretty as you please,nBut the bow that bridges heaven, n And overtops the trees, nAnd builds a bridge from earth to sky,n Is prettier far than these.I. Comparison forms of adjectives and adverbsnAbsolute/positive degreenComparative degreenSuperlative

10、 degreen1. Regular forms of adjs: -er, -est/ more, mostnMono-syllabic adjs: -er, -est.nAdjs with more than 2 syllables: more, mostnDisyllabic adjs: bothn -y/-ow: e.g. happy-happier-happiestn narrow-narrower-narrowestn2. Regular forms of adverbs: -er, -est, more/mostn-ly/ frequency adverbs: more, mos

11、tnE.g. clearly- more clearly-most clearlyn wisely- more wisely-most wiselyn often-more often-most oftenn3. Irregular forms of adjectives and adverbs. E.g. bad-worse-worst, well-better-best Vs.npositive: nI can swim as fast as Michael Phelps nnegative: nI can not swim as/so fast as Michael Phelps nI

12、swim less fast than Michael Phelps II. Three main types of comparative constructions. n1. “ Asas” constructions nShe is as smart as he (is).nThis car runs as fast as that one (does).nN: She is not as/so smart as he (is).n She is less smart than he (is).n A:Basic pattern: different subjects, identica

13、l comparative elements. n n npositive: nHe is as smart as he is kind.nShe is as smart as she is pretty.n既既又又nnegative: nHe is not so smart as he is kind.nShe is not so witty as she is pretty.n B: Identical subjects, different comparative elements.nA: half a meter longnB: half a meter widenBnAnThis t

14、able is as wide as that one is long.nThis pool isnt twice as wide as that one is long.nHis uncle is as base as his father is honorable.n C: Different subjects, different comparative elements. nVariant forms: As much/many + n + as-clause:nI have as many friends as she (has).nShe wrote as many poems a

15、s he expected.nAs + adj + N phrase + as-clause:nJohn is as efficient a worker as Jack. Vs.nJohn is a worker as efficient as Jack.nI have never heard as beautiful music as this.nI dont like as rich a BF as he. nI dont smoke as expensive cigarettes as these?n for singular n and uncountable n.Vs.2. “Mo

16、rethan” construction nI can swim even faster than Phelps.nShe is taller than her sister.nThis parcel is heavier than that one.nNegative: nThis parcel is less heavy than that one.nThis parcel is not so/as heavy as that one.nShe has more friends than I.nThere is less alcohol in this bottle than in tha

17、t one.nThere are fewer letters nowadays than 10 years ago.nThey have a larger house than I.nHe is a more polite boy than his brother.n A. Basic pattern: different subjects, identical comparative elements nHe is more intelligent than aggressive. nShe is more daring than quick-minded.nHe is more thin

18、than tall.nThe present crisis is much more a political than an economic crisis.nIt is much more a quarrel than a debate./ it is less a debate than a quarrel.nHe was less hurt than frightened./nHe was more frightened than hurt.n B: Identical subjects, different comparative elements. (與其與其不如不如)nThe +

19、comparative adjective/adverb + of-phrasenJohn is the brighter of the two boys.nOf the two boys John behaves (the) more politely.nMore/less of a + noun + than-clause: (fool) nHe is more/less of a sportsman than his brother.nHe is as much of a sportsman asnShe is more of a superstar than her brother.n

20、He is more/less of a fool than I thought he was.3. “(The) + superlative adjective/ adverb + scope of comparison” nThe Yangzi river is the longest river in China.nHe works (the) hardest of all.nThis is the most difficult job Ive ever known.nN: This is the least difficult job Ive ever known.n This is

21、the easiest job Ive ever known.nOther ways to express the highest degree:nHe is taller than any other boy in the class.nNothing in my life shook me so deeply as my first visit to Beijing.nI like nothing better.nIt cant be worse.nHe was as brave as ever lived in the country.III. Contrast between comp

22、arative constructions. n1. “Not more/ -erthan” vs. “no more/-erthan” nTom is not richer than Jack.nTom is no richer than Jack.nI did not take more than 6 courses last term.nI took no more than 6 courses last term.nI did not take less than 6 courses last term.nI took no less than 6 courses last term.

23、nThere are no more trees in this garden than in that one.nThere are no fewer balls in the basket than on the floor. nA whale is no more a fish than a horse is.n a whale is not a fish any more than a horse is a fish.2. “not soas” vs. “not so muchas” Not aoas: This building is not so magnificent as th

24、at one nNot so much X as Y:nIt is not so much the language as the culture background that makes the article difficult.nIt wasnt so much his appearance I liked as his personality.nI wast so much that I disliked him as that I just wasnt interested in the course.n(與其與其不如不如)3. More than standing alonenT

25、his is more than I can tell.nThat was more than a little child can stand.n這不是nMy trip to Beijing is more than sightseeing.nHe was more than pleased with her performance.n不僅僅是nEx: 25 F, G p293nbacknAssignments:n23 C Dn25 F GnWith much meaning difference:nHe is the man responsible (for the accident)nH

26、e is a responsible man.nAll people concerned (about the case) will come to the meeting.nHe cast a concerned look.nThe members present (at the meeting) are nThe present situation is serious enough.nHe gave the due consideration to their claim.nThere is a bill due for you.nMen fresh from other placesnA fresh chapternThe students absentnLook at s.th. in an absent waynThe measure adoptednAn adopted childnWith slight meaning difference:nRivers navigable vs. navigable rivers.nThe star visible vs. the visible starsnA man insane vs. an