初中英語代詞講解與練習(xí)題(共10頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上課 題代詞復(fù)習(xí)教學(xué)內(nèi)容 代詞的分類英語中代詞分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、關(guān)系代詞、疑問代詞、連接代詞和不定代詞等等。一、關(guān)系代詞：用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的代詞叫關(guān)系代詞。1、關(guān)系代詞who 、which、 that 、whom 等,將定語從句和主句連接起來。英語中的關(guān)系代詞一方面在從句中擔(dān)任一定的成分,另一方面又起連接作用。 The student who is drawing a picture is in Grade One. (正在畫畫的學(xué)生是一年級的)2、關(guān)系代詞who / whom指人,如果作從句的賓語,則有時省略。Do you know the

2、 man who is wearing a red hat? (你認識那個戴著紅帽子的男人嗎？)二、連接代詞用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句、主語從句或表語從句的連接詞稱連接代詞。英語中連接代詞主要有：what(什么),who(誰),whom(誰),which(哪個),whose(誰的)。三、不定代詞：代替或修飾不特指的人或事物的代詞叫不定代詞。單數(shù)含義someanynonone / /each(every)oneeither,neithersothe other,another復(fù)合不定代詞不可數(shù)含義muchlittle,a littleall / / /復(fù)數(shù)含義manyfew,a fewonesbothot

3、hers,the others 注：復(fù)合不定代詞有12個：something(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人), anything(任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(沒事),nobody(沒有人), no one(沒有人), everything(一切), everyone(每個人), everybody(每個人). 1. some和 any 的用法：some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“幾個”、“一些”、“某個”作定語時可修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。I have some work to do today. (今天我有些事

4、情要做)They will go there some day. (他們有朝一日會去那兒) some 用于疑問句時,表示建議、請求或希望得到肯定回答。Would you like some coffee with sugar? (你要加糖的咖啡嗎？) any 一般用于疑問句或否定句中,意思是“一些”,作定語時可修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。They didnt have any friends here. (他們在這里沒有朋友) Have you got any questions to ask? (你有問題要問嗎？) any 用于肯定句時,意思是“任何一個”。Come here with any f

5、riend. (隨便帶什么朋友來吧。)2. 不定代詞含義范圍作定語時名詞的數(shù)作主語時動詞的數(shù)both兩者都=2復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)either兩者中的任意一個=2單數(shù)單數(shù)neither兩者都不=2單數(shù)單數(shù)all三者或三者以上3單/復(fù)數(shù)單/復(fù)數(shù)none三者或三者以上都不3單/復(fù)數(shù)each每一個2單數(shù)單數(shù)every每一個3單數(shù)單數(shù) 1) Both of them enjoy the rice. 他們兩人喜歡吃米飯。2) Neither of us is a doctor. 我們倆都不是醫(yī)生。3) Either of you will go. 隨你們哪個去都可以。 4）All of the money has

6、been spent.錢都花完了。3. none、nothing、nobody(no one)、no的區(qū)別 none表特指，只能獨立使用, 既可指人，也可指物，可與of連用； 常用來回答how many、how much、 which。 nobody(no one)表泛指，只能指人，后面不跟of 短語,作主語時謂語用單數(shù)形式； 用來回答who。 nothing表泛指，只能指物，不能與of連用，用來回答what。 no是形容詞性的不定代詞，只能用作定語，不能單獨使用。1. None of the students failed the examination. 沒有一個學(xué)生考試不及格。2. Ho

7、w much money do you have?-None.3. What are you doing now? Nothing.4. Nobody was late for school. No one knows how he managed to get the ticket.(沒有人知道他是怎樣搞到那張票的) Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday.(昨天沒有一個人交作文。) None of my friends came to see me that day.(那天沒有一個朋友來看我。) There is no tim

8、e left. Please hurry up. (沒有時間了,請快點) None of them is/are in the classroom. (他們當中沒有一個在教室里) I have many books, but none is interesting. (我有很多的書,但沒有一本是有趣的) 4. every和each用法：every是形容詞,只能作定語修飾單數(shù)名詞,意思是“每一個”,表示整體概念；each是形容詞、代詞,可用作主語、賓語、定語等,意思是“每個”或者“各個”,表示單個概念； each可以放在名詞前,可以后跟of短語。 every和each都用作單數(shù)理解,但是下文中既

9、可以用單數(shù)的代詞(如he/him/his)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)的代詞 (如they/them/their)替代。Every one of the students in his class studies very hard. (他班上每個學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)都很用功) They are very busy. Each of them has something to do. (他們很忙,人人都有事干) 5. another、the other、others、the others的區(qū)別： one 代詞，替代前文所出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞another 指三者以上中的另一個、“再.”others 表示復(fù)數(shù)的泛指= other

10、 +n.the other 兩者中的另一個the others 表示復(fù)數(shù)的特指other意思是“另一”、“另一些”,有復(fù)數(shù)形式。在句子中可作主語、賓語和定語。another意思是“另外”、“又一個”,表示增加,在句中可作賓語和定語。another(另外的, 再一, 又一)與the other(另外的一個) 主要從數(shù)量上區(qū)分, 只有兩個時用the other, 在原先基礎(chǔ)上增加用another。 Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking.(有些女孩在大蘋果

11、樹下唱歌,別的就躺在草地上說話) You have had several cakes. Do you really want another one? (你已經(jīng)吃了好幾塊餅子了,你真的還要一塊？) I want another four books. (我還要四本書)This is one of your socks. Where is the other one? (這是你的一只襪子,還有一只呢？) I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another. (我已經(jīng)吃了4塊蛋糕,但是我還要以塊。)others與the others的主要區(qū)別：other

12、s指“剩余的人/物”(指大部分)；the others指“其余的人/物”,(指全部)。A few students are playing soccer while others are watching them.(有幾個學(xué)生在踢足球,其他一些人在觀看) Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them.(十個男孩中有兩個站著,其他人都圍著他們坐著。)6. few、little、a few、a little的用法：few、little “很少幾個”、“幾乎沒有”,有否定的意思,a few、a litt

13、le “有幾個”、“有些”,有肯定的意思 ；few、a few 與可數(shù)名詞連用或代替可數(shù)的事物,little、a little與不可數(shù)名詞連用或代替不可數(shù)的事物。它們在句中可作主語、賓語和定語。He is very poor and he has little money. (他很窮,幾乎沒有什么錢。) Dont worry. There is still a little time left. (別著急,還有一點兒時間呢。) In that polar region there live few people. (在那個極地地區(qū)幾乎不住人) You can get a few sweets

14、from him. (你可以從他那兒弄到一些糖果)7. 復(fù)合不定代詞somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing 構(gòu)成的,叫做復(fù)合不定代詞,在句子中當單數(shù)使用。somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中；anything, anybody, anyone一般用于疑問句、否定句和條件狀語從句中。修飾復(fù)合不定代詞的定語,應(yīng)放在它們的后面。Hey, Lily. There is someone outside th

15、e door. (嗨,麗麗,門外有人。) Did you meet anyone when you came to school last Sunday? (上個星期天你來學(xué)校時見到什么人了嗎？)He has nothing much to do today.(他今天沒有多少事情做)8. a lot of、lots of、a number of( /large numbers of)、a great deal of、plenty of的區(qū)別：五個“名詞+介詞”短語都表示“大量,許多”,a lot of(或lots of)既可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞也可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式, 可以相應(yīng)地換為much

16、和many；plenty of“足夠、大量”,既可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞也可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 a number of / large numbers of只可以修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式(它修飾的詞作主語時謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式)可以換為some、many、a lot of、plenty of。 a great deal of只可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞(它修飾的詞作主語時謂語用單數(shù)形式)可以換為much。A lot of people think that time is money. (許多的人認為時間就是金錢。) I dont have to do it in a hurry because I have

17、 plenty of time. (我用不著趕忙,因為我有充足的時間。) I have a number of letters to write today.(今天我有好多信要寫) I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping.(在購物方面我花費了大量的時間/金錢。)it的用法一、基本用法1. 指代前面所提到過的人、物或事情，也可以指未提到過的但是談話雙方都明白的事情、情況。Where is your backpack? Its on the chair.2. 指代時間、天氣、距離、環(huán)境等。 It is over one year since I

18、 came to this school.（時間）It is warm in winter in Kunming.（天氣）It is about 2 kilometers away from here.（距離）It is very quiet here.（環(huán)境）3. 指代性別不明或性別被認為不重要的人或物。 Whos the baby in the picture? Is it your brother? No, its me.4. it作形式主語和形式賓語，代替不定式、動詞的-ing形式、從句，而把真正的主語、賓語放在后面。 It is a pity that he missed the f

19、irst flight.It seems that he has passed the exam.I find it a waste spending so much time on TV.二、it 做形式主語 1. It is +形容詞（描述事件的形容詞）+（for sb.) to do sth.It is +形容詞（描述人的形容詞） + (of sb.) to do sth. Its necessary for us to use a short-wave radio to pick up the programmes. 我們用一臺短波收音機收聽這些節(jié)目是必要的。It was foolis

20、h of him to give up the job.他放棄那工作是愚蠢的。（= He was foolish to give up the job.）2. It is time (for sb.) to do sth. 是某人做某事的時候了 It is a waste of time / money doing sth. It takes sb. some time to do sth. It took me nearly an hour to work out the problem. 花了我差不多一個鐘才做出那道題. Its a waste of time you talking to

21、 him. 你和他談是浪費時間。3. It is ones turn to do sth. 輪到某人做. It is no use/good doing sth. 做某事沒用/沒好處 Its my turn to clean the classroom. 是輪到我打掃教室的了。 三、it作形式賓語1.it作形式賓語時，可以代替三種形式：不定式、動名詞和賓語從句。 it作形式賓語時，需具備兩個條件：真正的賓語是不定式、動名詞或從句; 有賓語補足語2.it經(jīng)常作think/ find/ feel/ consider/ make/ regard等的形式賓語 I find it pleasant to

22、 work with him. 我覺得和他一起工作很愉快。 I think it easy to learn English well.針對性練習(xí)：1He can't hear you, because there is _ noise here Avery muchBtoo muchCmuch tooDso many2_ name is Han Meimai. AHerself BHers CShe DHer3All of us were invited, but _ of us came Aneither Bnone Cboth4The weather in Shanghai is

23、 different from _ ABaotou BBaotou weather Cthat in Baotou Dthose of Baotou5There isn't _ water in the cup. Aany Bmany Csome Dthe6-Is this _ pen? -No, _ is on my desk. Ayour; my Byours; myCyour; mineDyours; mine7The bottle is empty. There is _ in it. Aanything BsomethingCnothing8-Look! We have _

24、sugar. -Really? Let's go and buy some. Afew Ba few Clittle Da little9There isn't _ milk in the fridge. You'd better buy some. Ano Bany Csome10-“There isn't _ water here. Could you get _ for me?”-“All right.” Asome; someBany; any Csome; any Dany; some11Today, _ trees are still being c

25、ut down somewhere in the world. Amuch too Btoo muchCmany too Dtoo many12There are lots of English books here, and _ of them is easy to understand. Aboth Ball Cevery Deach13Is the shirt on the bed _ ? Ayours Byour Cyou14Mr. Green taught _ English last year. Aour Bwe Cus15These sweaters are too small

26、for me. Please show me _ one. Aother Bothers Cthe othersDanother16Mary can't go with us. _ has to look after _ mother at home. AShe; his BShe; her CHe; her DHe; His17There isn't _ paper in the box. Will you go and get _ for me? Aany; someBany; any Csome; someDsome; any18I often help _ . Ahe

27、or sheBhis and herChim and herDhis and hers19There are some trees on _ side of the street. Aboth Ball Ceither Devery20“Which of the two dictionaries do you like better?”“I like _ , because they're not useful.” Aboth Beither Call Dneither21They were all very tired, but _ of them would stop to tak

28、e a rest. Aany Bsome Cnone Dneither22There were _ people and noise in the park last Sunday. Amany; muchBmuch; muchCmuch; manyDmany; many23_ of them has a dictionary and _ one of them can look up words in the dictionary. AEach; everyBEvery; eachCEach; eachDEvery; every24Please keep together. We want

29、_ of you to get lost. Anone Bsome Cmany Dany25There is _ water here; but there are quite _ empty glasses. Alittle; a fewBfew; littleCfew; a fewDlittle; a little26The skirt is _ . She made it _ . Ahers; herselfBher; herselfCherself; hersDherself; her27“Haven't you forgotten _ ?”“ _ ,oh, I forgot

30、my bag.” Aanything; Excuse me Bsomething; Excuse me Csomething; Pardon Deverything; Pardon28Be quiet! I have _ to tell you. Aimportant anything Banything important Cimportant something Dsomething important29My father is very busy with his work. He has _ time to do the housework. Alittle Bfew Ca litt

31、le Da few30- _ of the boys in Class Four are playing games. -_. AAll BEach CThe both DNone31The boy promised _ mother never to lie to _ again. Ahis; himBher; her Cher; him Dhis; her32“Would you like some milk in your tea?”“Yes, just _ .” Amuch Ba little Ca few Dlittle33_ school is much larger than _

32、 . ATheir; ourBTheir; ours CTheirs; oursDTheirs; our34Put it down, Richard. You mustn't read _ letter. Aanyone's else'sBanyone's elseCanyone else'sDanyone else35He found _ very interesting to ride a horse. Athis Bthat Cit Dwhich36Han Meimei, what about _ to eat? AeverythingBsomet

33、hingCnothingDanything37_ office is much smaller than _ . AOurs; yours BOur; yoursCTheirs; ourDYour; their38“Help _ to some meat, Mary,”my aunt said to me. Athemselves BourselvesCyourself Dhimself39There are twenty teachers in this gradeEight of them are women teachers and _ are men teachers. Athe ot

34、her Bthe othersCothers Dother40Though they had cleaned the floor, there was still _ water on it. Alittle Ba little Cfew Da few代詞專項練習(xí)參考答案1Btoo much只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞， much too 修飾形容詞或副詞， very much可修飾動詞；many只能修飾可數(shù)名詞，不能修飾不可數(shù)名詞。2Dher作物主代詞，意為“她的”，注意her還可作she的賓格。3B句意：“我們都接到邀請，但我們誰沒來。”none是all的反義詞，表示“（三者以上的）沒有一個（人或物

35、）?！?Cthat作為代詞。代替主語 weather. A項錯誤在于Baotou與前面的主語 weather不相對應(yīng)，無法比較。代詞that既可代替不可數(shù)名詞，也可代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。5Aany用于疑問句和否定句，some用于肯定句。6Cyour是形容詞性物主代詞，只能作定語修飾名詞； mine是名詞性物主代詞，可作主語、表語和賓語，但不能作定語。 7C空白處填nothing是與前一句的 empty相呼應(yīng)、吻合的。8C從后一句“去買些糖”可知“糖不多了”。little的意思是“少”，有否定含義，只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞， a little是“一點”，有肯定含義。few和a few是修飾或代替可數(shù)名詞，前者否定，后者肯定。9B肯定句中用some，疑問句和否定句中用any。10D前一句是否定句，故用any ；后一句是說話者懇請別人做某事，希望對方同意，并認為對方能同意，故用some。11Dtoo much只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞，too many只修飾可數(shù)名詞；A項只修飾形容詞或副詞；C項本身就是錯誤的。12Devery和each都作“每一個”講，但every只能作定語；each既可作定語，還可作主語、賓語、同位