英語(yǔ)16大時(shí)態(tài)及8種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)圖表

1、 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)在英語(yǔ)中,由于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不同,或表達(dá)不同時(shí)間存在的狀態(tài),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都要發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變化.這些動(dòng)詞的形式就叫做動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài).英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)共有16種,列表如下:(以動(dòng)詞write為例)一般進(jìn)行完成完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在write writesamis writingarehas writtenhavehas been writinghave過(guò)去wrotewas writtingwere had writtenhad been writing將來(lái)shall writewill shall be writingwill shall have writtenwill shall have been

2、 writingwill 過(guò)去將來(lái)should writewould should be writingwould should have writtenwould should have been writingwould 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成一般進(jìn)行完成現(xiàn)在amis taughtareamis being taughtarehas been taughthave過(guò)去was taughtwerewas being taughtwere had been taught將來(lái)shall be taughtwill 過(guò)去將來(lái)should be taughtwould 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be加過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成,時(shí)

3、態(tài)通過(guò)be表現(xiàn)出來(lái).構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí),須將第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞移至主語(yǔ)之前,構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定句時(shí),助動(dòng)詞后須加not. 各個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式列表如下:(以動(dòng)詞teach為例)英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解（1） 語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本概念和種類語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用來(lái)表明主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。所以英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)是通過(guò)動(dòng)詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的接受者為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：They built the bridge.   The bridge was built by them.(二)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)

4、去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過(guò)be的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。歌訣是：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)be字變，過(guò)去分詞跟后面。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是?？嫉囊粋€(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞(三)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法1)不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。 例如： Some new computers were stolen last night.    一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。(不知道電腦是誰(shuí)偷的) This book was published in 1981.     這本書出版于1981年。 (2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。 例如：the

5、window was broken by Mike.    窗戶是邁克打破的。 This book was written by him.     這本書是他寫的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.    每天8小時(shí)睡眠必須得到保證。歌訣：誰(shuí)做的動(dòng)作不知道，說(shuō)出誰(shuí)做的沒(méi)有必要； 動(dòng)作承受者需強(qiáng)調(diào)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)運(yùn)用到（四）主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法與注意事項(xiàng) 歌訣是：賓變主，主變賓，by短語(yǔ)后面跟。 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)，be后“過(guò)分”來(lái)使用。(1) 通

6、常的辦法是：將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)，將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)椤癰e / get +過(guò)去分詞”形式，將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語(yǔ)(若動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明則可以省略該by短語(yǔ))。如：Li Lei planted the tree last year. The tree was planted by Li Lei last year. 這棵樹是李蕾去年栽的。Workers made the machines in Changsha. The machines were made in Changsha. 這些機(jī)器是長(zhǎng)沙造的。(2) 將含有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，應(yīng)

7、將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)，而賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)則留在原處成為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：He painted the door green yesterday. The door was painted green yesterday. 昨天門被漆成綠色了。注意：表示“使、讓”的動(dòng)詞make, have等，以及感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at等，在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，接不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式前的 to 要省略，而變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，成為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式，則必須帶to。如：I saw him go into the teachers off

8、ice. He was seen to go into the teachers office. 看見(jiàn)他進(jìn)入了教師辦公室。(3) 帶雙賓語(yǔ)的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，既可將直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，而在間接賓語(yǔ)前加to 或for留在動(dòng)詞之后；也可將間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)，而直接賓語(yǔ)留在動(dòng)詞之后。但一般采用后一種用法。如：He gave me the pen last year. I was given the pen last year. / The pen was given to me last year. 這支筆是去年給我的?！菊f(shuō)明】一般說(shuō)來(lái)，間接賓語(yǔ)前帶to的動(dòng)詞有：bring, gi

9、ve, hand, lend, offer, pass, post, send, show, take, teach, tell, write, throw等；間接賓語(yǔ)前帶for的動(dòng)詞有：book, buy, call, cook, do, get, make, save等。(4) 動(dòng)詞believe, consider, declare, expect, know, report, say, suppose, think等的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)形式。如：He was said to get hurt in the car accident. 人們說(shuō)他在車禍中受傷了。It was said

10、that he got hurt in the car accident. 人們說(shuō)他在車禍中受傷了。(5) 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面的介詞或副詞不能省略。如：She has never been operated on before. 她從未動(dòng)過(guò)手術(shù)。The baby was looked after by her sister. 這嬰兒由她的姐姐照顧。His plan was laughed at by everyone. 他的計(jì)劃大家都嘲笑。（6）動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：即把to do 變成to be done（五）不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況1) 不及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：appea

11、r, die, disappear, end , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand ,break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place. After the fire, very little remained of my house. 比較： rise, fall, happen是不及物動(dòng)詞；raise, seat是及物動(dòng)詞。 (錯(cuò)) The price has been risen. (對(duì)) The price has rise

12、n. (錯(cuò)) The accident was happened last week. (對(duì)) The accident happened last week. (錯(cuò)) The price has raised. (對(duì)) The price has been raised. (錯(cuò)) Please seat. (對(duì)) Please be seated. 要想正確地使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，就須注意哪些動(dòng)詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動(dòng)詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問(wèn)題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中多留意積累。 2) 不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)： fit, have, hold, marry, own,

13、 wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to This key just fits the lock.  Your story agrees with what had already been heard.   3) 系動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： appear, be become, fall, feel, get, gro

14、w, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn . It sounds good. 4) 帶同源賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞，反身代詞，相互代詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： die, death, dream, live, life .She dreamed a bad dream last night. 5) 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，很少用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 (對(duì)) She likes to swim. (錯(cuò)) To swim is liked by her. 二、復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)需要注意的要點(diǎn)（1）由主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的步驟：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸?/p>

15、動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句中的主語(yǔ)；主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句中的動(dòng)詞改為相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句中的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句中by的賓語(yǔ)。（2）主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞帶有雙賓語(yǔ)，即直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)換方法有兩種：把間接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化為主語(yǔ)，保留直接賓語(yǔ)把直接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化為主語(yǔ)，保留間接賓語(yǔ)。此時(shí)，一般需在間接賓語(yǔ)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。（3）在短語(yǔ)see sb. do sth. 中，動(dòng)詞see后跟不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要加上to。用于這一結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般是表示知覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞如see, hear等，以及使役動(dòng)詞make, let等。各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)舉例 1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（am/ is/ are +done） English is

16、spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的許多人都說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。 Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都舉行班會(huì)。 The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 學(xué)生們每天都打掃教室。 2一般過(guò)去時(shí)(was/ were +done) The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那個(gè)男孩打碎了。 He was saved at last. 他最終獲救了。 My bike was stolen. 我的自行車被偷了。 3一般將來(lái)時(shí)與過(guò)去

17、將來(lái)時(shí)(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done) A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一個(gè)演講。 A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一條新馬路。 I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我認(rèn)為將有數(shù)千人得到幫助。 4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done) The machine was being repaired a

18、t this time yesterday. 昨天這時(shí),機(jī)器正在被修理。 The problem is being discussed now. 問(wèn)題正在被討論。 A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一輛公共汽車。 5現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/ has been + done) Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到現(xiàn)在為止,已經(jīng)種了二百棵樹了。 The book has been read many times by me. 這本書已經(jīng)被我讀了許多遍了。 Several soldiers have alr