(精)現(xiàn)代文閱讀答題技巧

1、second plenary session, ishel d intw osessions beforethe generalelection,mai nly to di scussa new State personnelissues.But bythe t現(xiàn)代文閱讀各種題型的解答方法一有關(guān)語(yǔ)言修辭的題型：1描繪類提問(wèn)方式：某句話中某個(gè)詞換成另一個(gè)行嗎？為什么？或：文章的某個(gè)句子說(shuō)成另一個(gè)句子好不好？為什么？答題模式：不行。因?yàn)樵撛~生動(dòng)具體（形象、準(zhǔn)確）地寫出了+對(duì)象+效果，換了后就變成十 不好的效果?；颍翰恍校?yàn)樵撛~比另一詞的感情更強(qiáng)烈（或該詞比另一詞更切合對(duì)象的性格 特征）。2結(jié)構(gòu)類

2、提問(wèn)方式：某兩個(gè)或三個(gè)詞的順序能否調(diào)換？為什么？答題模式：不能。因?yàn)椋?）與人們認(rèn)識(shí)事物的規(guī)律（由淺入深、由表入里、由現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì)）不一致（2）該詞與上文是一一對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系（3）這些詞是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，環(huán)環(huán)相扣，表達(dá)了3修辭類提問(wèn)方式：這句話運(yùn)用了什么修辭方法？這樣寫在表達(dá)上有什么好處？答題模式：確認(rèn)修辭手法+修辭本身的作用+結(jié)合句子語(yǔ)境1 .比喻、擬人：生動(dòng)形象地寫出了+對(duì)象+特性。2 .排比：有氣勢(shì)，加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，一氣呵成；層層鋪開(kāi)，逐步擴(kuò)大，對(duì)點(diǎn)明主旨起強(qiáng)化作用等；強(qiáng) 調(diào)了 +對(duì)象+特性3 .對(duì)比：強(qiáng)調(diào)了突出了4 .設(shè)問(wèn)：引起讀者對(duì)+對(duì)象+特性的注意和思考5 .反問(wèn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)，加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣等；6 .反復(fù)：強(qiáng)調(diào)

3、了 +加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣二、有關(guān)布局謀篇的題型：提問(wèn)方式：某句（段）話在文中有什么作用？答題模式：1 .文首：開(kāi)篇點(diǎn)題；照應(yīng)題目；總領(lǐng)全文；渲染氣氛，埋下伏筆；設(shè)置懸念，為下文作輔墊。2 .文中：承上啟下；總領(lǐng)下文；總結(jié)上文；呼應(yīng)前文。3 .文末：點(diǎn)明中心；升華感情，深化主題；照應(yīng)開(kāi)頭，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)；畫龍點(diǎn)睛；言有盡而意無(wú)窮。 三、有關(guān)表現(xiàn)手法的題型：1藝術(shù)類提問(wèn)方式：文章這樣寫有什么好處、效果、作用？答題模式：使用的方法+內(nèi)容+效果（或作用）2人稱類提問(wèn)方式：使用這種人稱寫的好處是什么？或：為什么要改變?nèi)朔Q？答題模式：第一人稱：親切、自然、真實(shí)，適于心理描寫；第二人稱：便于感情交流，進(jìn)行抒情，還能起擬人化

4、的作用；第三人稱：顯得客觀冷靜，不受時(shí)空限制，便于敘事和議論。四、有關(guān)歸納內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)的題型 ：提問(wèn)方式：請(qǐng)概括某一段（或全文）的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。答題模式：分三步走，第一步劃分本段的層次，第二步提取要點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)，第三步整合答案。五、有關(guān)鑒賞人物形象的題型 ：提問(wèn)方式：請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)要分析文中的主人公的形象答題模式：按總分（分總）來(lái)回答。先用一句話從整體上對(duì)該人物作出一個(gè)定性分析，然后再 從幾個(gè)方面作定量分析；也可以先從幾個(gè)方面作定量分析，然后再用一句話作定性式的總括。chiev e acomprehctives ofthe programme.One, holdi ngtimeand place importa nc

5、e onsince1978, 35, havchtimeon majori ssuesof politicala nd e conomi clifeofthe country has made importantdepl oyment.In accordance wit h PRCpoliticalgsessionntralCommittee inelecti on Central's top leaders,suchastheelecti on oftheStandi ngCommitteeoftheheimproveme ntofoverall scheme ofreform,wi

6、ll promotean integrated a nd coordinate d economic, politi cal,cultural,soci alandpoliti calBureau,through theCentralCommittee members, deci sions, suchasmembers oftheCentral Military Commissi on.現(xiàn)代文閱讀的表達(dá)技巧分析術(shù)語(yǔ)歸納指導(dǎo)一、敘述人稱1. 第一人稱：敘述親切自然，能自由地表達(dá)思想感情，給讀者以真實(shí)生動(dòng)之感。2. 第二人稱：增強(qiáng)文章的抒情性和親切感，便于感情交流。3. 第三人稱：能比較直接客觀

7、地展現(xiàn)豐富多彩的生活，不受時(shí)間和空間限制，反映現(xiàn)實(shí)比較靈活自由。二、敘述方式1. 順敘：能按某一順序（ 時(shí)間或空間） 較清楚地進(jìn)行記敘。2. 倒敘：造成懸念，引人入勝。3. 插敘：對(duì)主要情節(jié)或中心事件做必要的鋪墊照應(yīng)，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，使情節(jié)更加完整，結(jié)構(gòu)更加嚴(yán)密，內(nèi)容更加充實(shí)豐滿。4. 補(bǔ)敘：對(duì)上文內(nèi)容加以補(bǔ)充解釋，對(duì)下文做某些交代。5. 平敘：俗稱“花開(kāi)兩枝，各表一朵”， （ 指敘述兩件或多件同時(shí)發(fā)生的事） 使頭緒清楚，照應(yīng)得體。三、描寫總體來(lái)說(shuō)，描寫有以下一些作用：再現(xiàn)自然風(fēng)光。描繪人物的外貌及內(nèi)心世界。交代人 物活動(dòng)的自然及社會(huì)環(huán)境。1. 人物肖像、動(dòng)作描寫、心理描寫：更好展現(xiàn)人物的內(nèi)心世界、

8、性格特征。2. 景物描寫：具體描寫自然風(fēng)光，營(yíng)造一種氣氛，烘托人物的情感和思想。3. 環(huán)境、場(chǎng)面描寫：交代人物活動(dòng)的背景，寫明事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)，渲染氣氛，更好地表現(xiàn)人物。4. 人物對(duì)話描寫、心理描寫、細(xì)節(jié)描寫：刻畫人物性格，反映人物心理活動(dòng)，促進(jìn)故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展。也可描摹人物的語(yǔ)態(tài)，收到一種特殊的效果。5正面描寫、側(cè)面描寫：正面直接表現(xiàn)人物、事物；側(cè)面烘托突出人物、事物。四、修辭1. 比喻：化平淡為生動(dòng)，化深?yuàn)W為淺顯，化抽象為具體。2. 比擬：給物賦予人的形態(tài)情感（指擬人），描寫生動(dòng)形象，表意豐富。3. 借代：以簡(jiǎn)代繁，以實(shí)代虛，以奇代凡。4. 夸張：烘托氣氛，增強(qiáng)感染力，增強(qiáng)聯(lián)想；創(chuàng)造氣氛

9、，揭示本質(zhì)，給人以啟示。5. 對(duì)偶：便于吟誦，易于記憶，使詞句有音樂(lè)感；表意凝練，抒情酣暢。6. 排比：節(jié)奏鮮明，內(nèi)容集中，增強(qiáng)氣勢(shì)；敘事透辟，條分縷析；長(zhǎng)于抒情。7. 反復(fù)：寫景抒情感染力強(qiáng)；承上啟下，分清層次；多次強(qiáng)調(diào)，給人以深刻的印象。8. 對(duì)比：使所表現(xiàn)的事物特征或所闡述的道理觀點(diǎn)更鮮明、更突出。9. 設(shè)問(wèn)：自問(wèn)自答，提出問(wèn)題，引發(fā)讀者的思考。10. 反問(wèn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)氣，語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈，強(qiáng)化情感。五、結(jié)構(gòu)安排布局謀篇的技巧：開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山、首尾呼應(yīng)、卒章顯志、伏筆照應(yīng)、層層深入、過(guò)度鋪墊、設(shè)置線索；結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密，完整勻稱；烘托鋪墊，前后照應(yīng)；設(shè)置懸念，制造波瀾，起承轉(zhuǎn)合，曲折有致。材料和中心的關(guān)系的處理，

10、主次詳略是否得當(dāng)；材料是否典型、真實(shí)、新穎、有力。記敘文常以時(shí)間推移、空間轉(zhuǎn)換、情景變化、思維邏輯順序等來(lái)安排層次。散文構(gòu)思的線索，一般常見(jiàn)的有如下幾種：以情為線索；以理為線索；以物為線索；以空間位置為線索。從結(jié)構(gòu)上明確不同位置的句子在文中所起的作用：1 、首句統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全文、提綱挈領(lǐng)、引出下文，為后文做鋪墊、埋下伏筆；2、尾句總結(jié)全文，深化主題，照應(yīng)上文，前后呼應(yīng)，言有盡而意無(wú)窮，回味深長(zhǎng)。lenarysessi on, ea ch sessoin ofthe Ce ntralCommittee ofnational i nstituti ons a nd personnelproblems ha

11、ve bee n arrange d,you can conce ntrate on nationaldevel opme nt andreforms.Previous pl enaryse ssi on is oftenbrande dwith acentralleadi ng collective ,often by l ooki ng atthethird plenumofthe i nitiativetofound thecurrent centralleader shi pcoll ective gover nancecharacteri stics.Fromthe analysis

12、oftheprocess ofeconomic reforminChi na,plenary se ssi on,12 session,14,16plenarysessionhave pr ogrammatic meaning,respectively,markingthe fourstages of China's economic reform,a nd thatthestart-up phaseofreform,reform,construction phase and perfecting t he Socialistmarketeconomyframework stage o

13、fsocialist marketeconomy.Previous ple narysession topi cs propose d tothet hird pl enaryse ssi on of "taking cla ss str uggle as thekeyli nk," shiftedtosocia listmod ernizati on;12 sessionmarkedthe changefrom ruralto urba n,esta blished wit h publi cow nership asthe Foundati onofaplanned c

14、ommodityeconomy;13 sessionata timewhenboththe old andt he ne wsystemchange,gov erna nce a ndre ctifythe economicor der; 14 .Fairandefficientand aut horitative Socialist judicial system,safeguar dthe people'si nterests.Legalauthoritytoupholdthe Constitution,deepeni ng the reform ofadministrativel

15、awenforceme nt,ensurethat t he righttoexerci sejudicial pow er indepe nde ntlyand impartiallyaccording to la wthe pr osecution, perfecting therunning mechanism ofjudici alpower, impr ovethe system ofjudi cialprote ction ofhuman rights.Plenary session,Affairs theright to adhere to thesy stem,and let

16、t he pe opl e authoritytoletthepowerr un i n theSun, isshut up ina cage ofthesy stempower poli cy.Decision Scie nce,implementati onshould beconstr ucted strong ,superviset herunni ngofpow erfulsystem,improvet hesystem ofpuni shing a nd preve nting corruption,pr omoting politicalintegrity,and strivet

17、oa chi eve ca dres'honesta nd Governme ntintegrity, clean politi cs.o formascientifi cand effectivecoordinationofpowerre striction andmechani sms to strengt hen anti-corruption institutional innovation and institutional prote ction, soundimpr ovement stylenormalsystem.Plenaryse ssion, building a

18、soci alist culture in Chi na,e nhanci ng nationalculturalsoftpower,must adheret othe ori entation ofadvance dSocial ist culture,a dheret othe development of Socialist culture withChined work -orie nted,furtherdee peni ngreform of cult ure.oimprovethe cult uralmanageme ntsystem,establi sh and impr ov

19、e themodern marketsystem and building moder n publi cculturalservi cesystem,impr ovethe level ofculture openi ng.Ple naryse ssion,achievi ng devel opment re sultsmore equitablebenefitofallpeopl e,wemust spee d up reformofsocia lprograms a nd solvethe i ssues ofconcerntot hepe opl e themost direct an

20、d real nterest,and better meetthe needs ofthe people.odeepen educati on reform,improve i3heimproveme ntofoverall schemen integrated and coordinated economic, politi cal,cultural,socideci sions, suchasmembers oftheCentral Militaryd intw osessions beforethe generalelectinew State personnelissues.But b

21、ythe thirdrapid deve lopment of themarketeconomyenvironmenttoexpl ore publi cservants ' dutyconsumpti on monetizati on reform has provi18session to be he ldin Beiji ng fromNovem ber 9,2013 to 12th.35 year s agoble wthe thir d ple nary se ssion of thereformand openiI 一. >_l 一一.一. 一 .- .J 一 1n.

22、一 .ni_ lecol ogical civilization construction ofthefive reformsand theparty's construction inthearea ofinstitcialization ofrearservicework has been la unche d,and rapi dprogre ssin some pl acesa nd departme nts, duty consumption monetizationof carrier a nda ppr oach tomanageme nt has been resolv

23、e d.Thir d,in re centyears,explori ngthe monetizati onofdutyconsumption ha smadesome progress, havegained some experi ence andca nprovi dereferencetothe compre he nsive reform ofthesystem ofpublicserva nts 'duty consumpt ion further. Impl ementing a n"honestca nteen",sta ndar dize offi

24、ciale ntertaini ng manageme nt;enhancingt hetelecommuni cation expe nse manag ement;elimi nationnge d, affect theworl d; today, 35yearslater, i n theeye s ofthenati on a ndtheworl dexpe ct,againtoreform mark China,ushered inthe 18 sessi on.XI GeneralSe cretarypointed outthat Chi na'sreform has e

25、 ntered a crucialperi od and t heSham ShuiPo District, must be based on greater politicalcourageand wisdom, lose notime in deep eni ng reform inimporta ntfields. Daresto cracka har d nut,darest o questionthe Rapi ds, whichdares t o breakthebarrier ofideas,a nd dareto benefitcurebarriers.Deepeni ng r

26、eformand openi ng up i son scheduleto a chieve i nstituti onal safeguardsofthe modee acomprehe nsivereform ofinstitutional guaranteesforobje ctives ofbuilda well-offsociet y,the smoot h progre ssofthe construction ofawell-offsocietyand reformthe objectives ofthe programme.One, holdi ngtimeand place

27、importa nce on November9,2013to the18 session of the12th Beijingsince1978, 35, have bee n 7ple nary se ssi on,ea chtimeon majori ssuesof politicala nd e conomi clifeofthe country has made important depl oyment.In accor dance wit h PRC political practice,oftenatevery sessi on oftheCPCCe ntralCommitte

28、e in aple narysession was held immediately afterthecountrysi desubsi dies;research"village officials" capitalizati on ma nagementofcorporate spendi ng,a nd so on.Finally,group.he "fivein one"theGenerallay outofsociali st moder nizati on requirement s,18 se ssi on ofthe decisionwa

29、s a"five inone" andtongress,onthe theme"personnel",discussingelecti on Central's top leaders,suchastheelecti on oftheStandi ngCommitteeoftheCommittee members,Commissi3、轉(zhuǎn)承句承上啟下，過(guò)渡，承接上文，引出下文；4、中心句點(diǎn)明中心、揭示主旨；5、點(diǎn)睛句點(diǎn)明全文中心，統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全文；句子含義深刻，耐人尋味，讀后能給人以啟迪。6、情感句抒發(fā)強(qiáng)烈內(nèi)在情感，直抒胸臆；7、矛盾句從字面上看自相矛盾，

30、但作者卻寄寓了深刻的用意。揭示深刻內(nèi)涵，表達(dá)深刻見(jiàn)解。六、表達(dá)方式入手分析句意：1 、記敘文中的議論往往起畫龍點(diǎn)睛、揭示記敘目的和意義的作用；2、議論文中的記敘往往起到例證的作用；3、說(shuō)明文中描寫、文藝性筆調(diào)起到點(diǎn)染作品使之更加生動(dòng)形象的作用。4、 夾敘夾議，記敘與議論交叉運(yùn)用的寫法，使文章在輕松活潑之中，闡發(fā)議論，讀來(lái)饒有興味，深受教益，文章中的記敘是為議論服務(wù)的，而議論又以記敘為基礎(chǔ)，敘為議提供了事實(shí)依據(jù)，使立論有根有據(jù)，具有很強(qiáng)的說(shuō)服力。七、語(yǔ)言1 、語(yǔ)言是否準(zhǔn)確、簡(jiǎn)練、生動(dòng)、形象；2、具有怎樣獨(dú)特的語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格（幽默、辛辣、平實(shí)、自然、簡(jiǎn)潔明快、含蓄深沉等）；3、運(yùn)用了什么獨(dú)特的修辭手法（

31、比喻、擬人、排比、夸張、通感等）。八、表現(xiàn)手法1、 、 象征 ，借助某一具體事物來(lái)表現(xiàn)某種抽象的概念、思想或感情，特點(diǎn)是利用象征物與被象征物之間的某一特點(diǎn)（內(nèi)容）得到含蓄而形象的表現(xiàn)，增強(qiáng)文章的表現(xiàn)力，象征手法的“托義于物”也就是“借此言彼”，主旨含而不露，隱而不晦。2、 襯托 ，是指不直接地對(duì)主要的人物或事物進(jìn)行描寫，而是對(duì)其背景、與之相關(guān)的人或事物加以描繪，使其形象突出，這種寫法除了利用反差對(duì)比使主要形象更加鮮明外，還會(huì)使文章曲折含蓄，獨(dú)具風(fēng)格。3、 先抑后揚(yáng)，引發(fā)好奇，感情鋪墊，引發(fā)好奇。4、托物言志，作者在對(duì)事物的進(jìn)行描繪的過(guò)程中，非常巧妙地寄托作者個(gè)人的情感和理念，把自己的感情融入到

32、事物中，來(lái)表達(dá)自己的內(nèi)心情感，含蓄、哲理和暗示性，使讀者在欣賞中獲得獨(dú)特的美感享受。5、 借景抒情，通過(guò)景物的描寫，來(lái)襯托作者或喜或悲的情感。6、 虛實(shí)結(jié)合， 可以抓住重點(diǎn)，突出事物的本質(zhì)特征，從而更鮮明的刻畫人物的性格，凸現(xiàn)事物、景物的特點(diǎn)，更集中地揭示題旨。結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，筆墨集中。7、 動(dòng)靜相襯，動(dòng)襯靜，靜襯動(dòng)，生動(dòng)的烘托作用，相得益彰。8、 以小見(jiàn)大，由平凡細(xì)微的事情反映重大的主題，突出表現(xiàn)中心，更有震撼力。9、 渲染烘托，渲染，是指作者通過(guò)對(duì)人物的外形、行為、心理、語(yǔ)言或事件、環(huán)境、景物等作多方面的揮灑鋪陳，集中描寫，突出人或事物的本質(zhì)特點(diǎn)，用以加深主題的一種表現(xiàn)手法。襯托是指不直接地對(duì)主

33、要的人物或事物進(jìn)行描寫，而是對(duì)其背景，與之相關(guān)的人或事物加以描繪，使其形象突出。這種寫法除了利用反差對(duì)比使主要形象更加鮮明外，還會(huì)使文章曲折含蓄，獨(dú)具風(fēng)格。比較一下，我們就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)二者的不同點(diǎn)：渲染在于對(duì)某種事物的有意重彩潑墨式的描寫；襯托卻是通過(guò)與之有關(guān)的其他事物的描寫，對(duì)該事物起到映襯作用。二者也有相交叉的地方，那就是作者有時(shí)用渲染的方法意在起到烘托的作用；對(duì)用來(lái)襯托的其他事物也可以用渲染的手法來(lái)描寫。10、 聯(lián)想想象，所謂聯(lián)想，就是由一事物想到另一事物的心理過(guò)程，所謂想象，就是在原有感性形象的基礎(chǔ)上創(chuàng)造出新形象的過(guò)程。聯(lián)想想象經(jīng)常在一起使用，可以使文章內(nèi)容更為豐富，形象更豐滿、生動(dòng)，增添

34、文章的藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)力。Fromthe analysisoftheChi na,plenary se ssi on,12 session,14,16ple nary sessionhave pron,deepeni ng the reform ofadministrativelawechanism ofjudici alpower, improgrammatic meaning,respectivelovethe systemnary session,Affairs theright to adhere to thesystem,and let the people authoritytoletth

35、epowerr un in theSu n,is shut up inacage ofthesy stempower poli cy.Decision Scie nce,implementationshould beconstr ucted strong ,superviset he ru nni ngofpow erfulsystem,improvethesystem ofpunishing a nd preve nting corruption,promoting politicalintegrity,a12 sessionmarkedthe changnd strive to achi

36、eve ca dres'hn,estas'honestablished witnd Governme ntintegrity,h publi cow nership asthe Foundaticlean politi cs.o formachiev e acomprehctives ofthe programme.One, holdi ngtimeand place importa nce onsince1978, 35, havchtimeon majori ssuesof politicala nd e conomi clifeofthe country has made

37、 importantdepl oyment.In accordance wit h PRCpoliticalgsessionntralCommittee inelecti on Central's top leaders,suchastheelecti on oftheStandi ngCommitteeoftheheimproveme ntofoverall scheme ofreform,will promotean integrated a nd coordinate d economic, politi cal,cultural,soci alandpoliti calBure

38、au,through theCentralCommittee members, deci sions, suchasmembers oftheCentral Military Commissi on.九、議論文論證方法1 、比喻論證，其作用是將抽象的道理寓于具體的形象之中，使道理通俗易懂，深入淺出，容易被人接受。2、類比論證，通過(guò)講故事、打比方的辦法將相類似的兩件事進(jìn)行比較，從而由此及彼，自然地得出新結(jié)論的論證方法。它以淺寓深，以近比遠(yuǎn)，形象鮮明，有很強(qiáng)的說(shuō)服力。3、舉例論證，用確鑿典型的事實(shí)來(lái)證明論點(diǎn)，事實(shí)勝于雄辯，具有很強(qiáng)的說(shuō)服力。4、對(duì)比論證，運(yùn)用正反兩方面的事例或道理進(jìn)行對(duì)比，在對(duì)比中

39、證明論點(diǎn)，鮮明的對(duì)比，正確錯(cuò)誤分明，是非曲直明確，給人印象深刻。5、引用論證，具有權(quán)威性，論證有力。6、 引申論證，通過(guò)對(duì)事理原因或結(jié)果的周密分析，層層剖析，從而證明論點(diǎn)的正確性、合理性，精彩深刻。十、答題技巧提醒1 、 高考對(duì)表達(dá)技巧題的考查多是主觀題，需要組織文字準(zhǔn)確的表述。表述可采用三段式：技巧、內(nèi)容、效果。也就是運(yùn)用了什么技巧，表達(dá)了什么內(nèi)容，達(dá)到了什么效果。2、多角度：條分縷析。有些文段所顯示的表達(dá)技巧不只一個(gè)，所起的作用（效果）也不是一兩句話就能說(shuō)盡的，而且高考題已取消了字?jǐn)?shù)的限制，在時(shí)間允許的情況下，我們完全可以從多個(gè)角度出發(fā)，條分縷析，答得更全面更詳盡一些。特別是在答賦分較高的

40、概括性題目時(shí)，一定要設(shè)等序號(hào)回答，這樣清晰明白，顯示了答題的深度和廣度，也讓閱卷老師一目了然。3、用術(shù)語(yǔ)：一要熟記一些使用頻率較高的表達(dá)技巧的名稱，如動(dòng)靜相襯、以小見(jiàn)大、虛實(shí)結(jié)合、欲揚(yáng)先抑、托物言志、承上啟下、卒章顯志、直抒胸臆、烘托渲染、對(duì)比、象征、反襯等等；二要了解一些常用技巧的作用，比如比喻的作用是化平淡為生動(dòng)，化深?yuàn)W為淺顯，化抽象為具體；排比的作用是節(jié)奏鮮明，增強(qiáng)氣勢(shì)，便于抒情；第一人稱真實(shí)，第二人稱親切，第三人稱客觀；三要了解一些常用程式，如體現(xiàn)了什么，強(qiáng)調(diào)了什么，強(qiáng)化了什么，營(yíng)造了什么，表現(xiàn)了什么，還有深化了主題，點(diǎn)明了題旨等等【現(xiàn)代文閱讀答題技巧】常見(jiàn)題型的基本答法第一種開(kāi)頭對(duì)下

41、文的作用或?qū)θ牡淖饔谩?. 交待時(shí)間. 地點(diǎn). 背景或奠定全文基調(diào)。2. 通過(guò)烘托. 鋪墊引出下文。3. 描述某場(chǎng)景. 現(xiàn)象為后文的議論. 抒情做依托. 張本或與之照應(yīng)。4. 與下文作對(duì)比. 反襯，使后面的內(nèi)容更突出。5. 引發(fā)讀者好奇心，吸引讀者興趣，激發(fā)讀者閱讀下文的欲望。第二種為什么要寫（或詳寫）這些內(nèi)容1. 為什么要寫（或詳寫）這些內(nèi)容，實(shí)際是是問(wèn)選材與中心的關(guān)系。很顯然，寫這些內(nèi)容是表現(xiàn) . 證明 . 突出 . 強(qiáng)調(diào)主旨的。如果是問(wèn)為什么詳寫，其基本思路是詳寫可以把主旨表現(xiàn)得更具體.更形象 . 更充分 . 更全面。2. 可以從結(jié)構(gòu)的角度來(lái)思考，即寫這部分是為了與前面（可能是開(kāi)頭）或

42、者后面（可能是結(jié)尾）形成照應(yīng). 襯托 . 對(duì)比等。第三種"由說(shuō)開(kāi)去”的文章是怎樣說(shuō)開(kāi)去的？1. 一般是由引出話題。2. 再用某某事例說(shuō)明該話題的含義。3. 做深層開(kāi)拓或聯(lián)想。lenarysessi on, ea ch sessoin ofthe Ce ntralCommittee ofnational i nstituti ons a nd personnelproblems have bee n arrange d,you can conce ntrate on nationaldevel opme nt andreforms.Previous pl enaryse ssi on

43、is oftenbrande dwith acentralleadi ng collective ,often by l ooki ng atthethird plenumofthe i nitiativetofound thecurrent centralleader shi pcoll ective gover nancecharacteri stics.Fromthe analysisoftheprocess ofeconomic reforminChi na,plenary se ssi on,12 session,14,16plenarysessionhave pr ogrammat

44、ic meaning,respectively,markingthe fourstages of China's economic reform,a nd thatthestart-up phaseofreform,reform,construction phase and perfecting t he Socialistmarketeconomyframework stage ofsocialist marketeconomy.Previous ple narysession topi cs propose d tothet hird pl enaryse ssi on of &q

45、uot;taking cla ss str uggle as thekeyli nk," shiftedtosocia listmod ernizati on;12 sessionmarkedthe changefrom ruralto urba n,esta blished wit h publi cow nership asthe Foundati onofaplanned commodityeconomy;13 sessionata timewhenboththe old andt he ne wsystemchange,gov erna nce a ndre ctifythe

46、 economicor der; 14 .Fairandefficientand aut horitative Socialist judicial system,safeguar dthe people'si nterests.Legalauthoritytoupholdthe Constitution,deepeni ng the reform ofadministrativelawenforceme nt,ensurethat t he righttoexerci sejudicial pow er indepe nde ntlyand impartiallyaccording

47、to la wthe pr osecution, perfecting therunning mechanism ofjudici alpower, impr ovethe system ofjudi cialprote ction ofhuman rights.Plenary session,Affairs theright to adhere to thesy stem,and let t he pe opl e authoritytoletthepowerr un i n theSun, isshut up ina cage ofthesy stempower poli cy.Decis

48、ion Scie nce,implementati onshould beconstr ucted strong ,superviset herunni ngofpow erfulsystem,improvet hesystem ofpuni shing a nd preve nting corruption,pr omoting politicalintegrity,and strivetoa chi eve ca dres'honesta nd Governme ntintegrity, clean politi cs.o formarapid deve lopment of th

49、emarketeconomyenvironmenttoexpl ore publi cservants ' dutyconsumpti on monetizati on reform has provi18session to be he ldin Beiji ng fromNovem ber 9,2013 to 12th.35 year s agoble wthe thir d ple nary se ssion of thereformand openiI 一. >_l 一一.一. 一 .- .J 一 1n.一 .ni_ lecol ogical civilizatiseco

50、ndon constructiplenary session, ishelon ofthefive reformsand theparty's construction inthearea ofinstiton,mai nly to dii scussacialization ofrearservicework has been la unche d,and rapi dprogre ssin some pl acesa nd departme nts, duty consumption monetizationof carrier a nda ppr oach tomanageme

51、nt has been resolve d.Thir d,in re centyears,explori ngthe monetizati onofdutyconsumption ha smadesome progress, havegained some experi ence andca nprovi dereferencetothe compre he nsive reform ofthesystem ofpublicserva nts 'duty consumpt ion further. Impl ementing a n"honestca nteen",

52、sta ndar dize officiale ntertaini ng manageme nt;enhancingt hetelecommuni cation expe nse manag ement;elimi nationnge d, affect theworl d; today, 35yearslater, i n theeye s ofthenati on a ndtheworl dexpe ct,againtoreform mark China,ushered inthe 18 sessi on.XI GeneralSe cretarypointed outthat Chi na

53、'sreform has e ntered a crucialperi od and t heSham ShuiPo District, must be based on greater politicalcourageand wisdom, lose notime in deep eni ng reform inimporta ntfields. Daresto cracka har d nut,darest o questionthe Rapi ds, whichdares t o breakthebarrier ofideas,a nd dareto benefitcurebar

54、riers.Deepeni ng reformand openi ng up i son scheduleto a chieve i nstituti onal safeguardsofthe modee acomprehe nsivereform ofinstitutional guaranteesforobje ctives ofbuilda well-offsociet y,the smoot h progre ssofthe construction ofawell-offsocietyand reformthe objectives ofthe programme.One, hold

55、i ngtimeand place importa nce on November9,2013to the18 session of the12th Beijingsince1978, 35, have bee n 7ple nary se ssi on,ea chtimeon majori ssuesof politicala nd e conomi clifeofthe country has made important depl oyment.In accor dance wit h PRC political practice,oftenatevery sessi on oftheC

56、PCCe ntralCommittee in aple narysession was held immediately afterthecountrysi desubsi dies;research"village officials" capitalizati on ma nagementofcorporate spendi ng,a nd so on.Finally,group.he "fivein one"theGenerallay outofsociali st moder nizati on requirement s,18 se ssi o

57、n ofthe decisionwas a"five inone" andtongress,onthe theme"personnel",discussingelecti on Central's top leaders,suchastheelecti on oftheStandi ngCommitteeoftheCommittee members,Commissi4. 議論 . 反思 . 辯證看待。第四種使用第一人稱（或第二. 第三人稱）的好處（或效果）是什么？1. 第一人稱，好處是便于敘述故事. 充當(dāng)線索，便于心理描寫. 抒發(fā)情感等；2. 第二人稱，拉近和讀者的距離，便于抒發(fā)情感，顯得親切。3. 第三人稱，拉開(kāi)和讀者的距離，這樣便于議論，因?yàn)樽h論是要冷靜的，所以抒情時(shí)常用“你”.議論時(shí)常用“他”。第五種對(duì)文意的選材與寫法做鑒賞評(píng)析1. 常用的術(shù)語(yǔ)是“以小見(jiàn)大”，即從小的普通的事件中來(lái)反映大的道理，比如寫母親在我出門時(shí)的一句叮嚀來(lái)反映母親對(duì)自己的關(guān)愛(ài)。2. 新穎 . 別致 . 視角獨(dú)特。即素材本身不新鮮，但審視材