英語(yǔ)七年級(jí)下仁愛湘教版暑假專題狀語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)精講

1、七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)暑假專題 狀語(yǔ)從句 仁愛版【本講教育信息】一. 教學(xué)內(nèi)容：暑假專題：狀語(yǔ)從句二. 重、難點(diǎn)內(nèi)容：狀語(yǔ)從句的分類及講解三. 具體內(nèi)容：1. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句通常由where, wherever 引導(dǎo)。例如：Where I live there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方樹很多。Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都會(huì)想到你。 2 方式狀語(yǔ)從句 方式狀語(yǔ)從句通常由as, （just） asso, as if, as though引導(dǎo)。1）as, （just） asso引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句通常位于主

2、句后，但在（just） asso結(jié)構(gòu)中位于句首，這時(shí)as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是“正如”，“就像”，多用于正式文體。例如： Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 正如打掃房屋一樣，我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西。2）as if, a

3、s though 兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與事實(shí)相反，有時(shí)也用陳述語(yǔ)氣，表示所說(shuō)情況是事實(shí)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作“仿佛似的”，“好像似的”。例如： They completely ignore （不顧，不理，忽視）these facts as if （as though） they never existed. 他們完全忽略了這些事實(shí)，就仿佛它們不存在似的。（與事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。）He looks as if （as though） he had been hit by lighting. 他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。（與事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

4、） It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看來(lái)天氣很快就會(huì)好起來(lái)。（實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性較大，謂語(yǔ)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。） 說(shuō)明：as if / as though也可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)或無(wú)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。例如： He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著我，就像第一次看見我似的。 He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要說(shuō)什么似的。 The waves dashed on the rocks as if

5、in anger. 波濤沖擊著巖石，好像很憤怒。3. 原因狀語(yǔ)從句 比較because, since, as和for： 1）because語(yǔ)勢(shì)最強(qiáng)，用來(lái)說(shuō)明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問(wèn)題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用as或 since。例如： I didnt go, because I was afraid. 我不去是因?yàn)槲遗隆?Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 天氣那么糟，旅行推遲了。2）由because引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗號(hào)，則可以用for來(lái)代替。但如果不是說(shuō)明直接原因

6、，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。例如： He is absent today, because / for he is ill. 他今天缺席，因?yàn)樗×恕?He must be ill, for he is absent today. 他一定病了，所以今天缺席。4. 目的狀語(yǔ)從句 表示目的狀語(yǔ)的從句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等詞引導(dǎo)。例如： You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 你必須大點(diǎn)聲

7、，別人就能聽見了。 He wrote the name down for fear that（lest） he should forget it. 他寫下了這個(gè)名字以免以后忘記。Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. 最好多穿點(diǎn)衣服，以防天變冷。5. 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句常由sothat 或 suchthat引導(dǎo)。sothat與suchthat之間可以轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：The boy is so young that he cant go to school. 這男孩年齡太小，不能上學(xué)。 He is such a young

8、boy that he cant go to school6. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句 連接詞主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。if 引導(dǎo)的條件句有真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句兩種。非真實(shí)條件句已在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中闡述。 unless = if not. 例如： Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 如果不太累，我們?nèi)ド⑸⒉健?If you are not too tired, lets go out for a walk.典型例題You will be late _ you leave

9、 immediately. A. unless B. until C. ifD. or 答案A。句意：除非你立即走，否則你就會(huì)遲到的?？赊D(zhuǎn)化為 If you dont leave immediately, you will be late。B、D句意不對(duì)，or表轉(zhuǎn)折，句子應(yīng)為 You leave immediately or you will be late. 7. 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 1）though, although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，后面的從句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用。例如：Although its raining, they are still working in

10、 the field.雖然在下雨，但他們?nèi)栽诘乩锔苫睢?He is very old, but he still works very hard. 雖然他很老了，但仍然努力地工作。Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain. 傷口雖愈合，但傷疤留下了。（諺語(yǔ)）2）as, though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)必須提前（形容詞、副詞、分詞、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前）。例如：Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. 雖然是個(gè)小孩，該做什么不做什么，他全知道。3）e

11、ven if, even though即使。例如：Well make a trip even though the weather is bad. 即使天氣不好，我們也要去遠(yuǎn)足。4）whetheror不管都。例如：Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 信不信由你，這確實(shí)是真的。5）“no matter +疑問(wèn)詞” 或“疑問(wèn)詞+后綴ever”。例如： No matter what happened, he would not mind. =Whatever happened, he would not mind. 不管發(fā)生什么，他不在意。替換：no

12、 matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however 注意：no matter 不能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句。 （錯(cuò)）No matter what you say is of no use now. （對(duì)）Whatever you say is of no use now. 你現(xiàn)在說(shuō)什么也沒(méi)用了。（Whatever you say是主語(yǔ)從句）（錯(cuò)）

13、Prisoners have to eat no matter what theyre given. （對(duì)）Prisoners have to eat whatever theyre given.囚犯?jìng)冎荒芙o什么吃什么。8. 比較while, when, as 1）as, when 引導(dǎo)短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。例如： Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 我一剎車，有一個(gè)人向我走來(lái)。2）當(dāng)從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生于主句動(dòng)作之前，只能用when 引導(dǎo)這個(gè)從句，不可用as 或 while。例如：When you have

14、 finished your work, you may have a rest. 干完活后，你可以休息一下。3）從句表示“隨時(shí)間推移”連詞能用as，不用when 或while。例如：As the day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天過(guò)去，天氣越變?cè)綁摹?. 比較until和till 此兩個(gè)連詞意義相同?？隙ㄐ问奖硎镜囊馑际恰白瞿呈轮敝聊硶r(shí)”，動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的。否定形式表達(dá)的意思是“直至某時(shí)才做某事”。動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性。正確使用這兩個(gè)連詞的關(guān)鍵之一就在于判斷句中的動(dòng)詞該用肯定式還是否定式?？隙ň洌篒 slept until midnight.

15、 我一直睡到半夜時(shí)醒了。 Wait till I call you. 等著我叫你。（在肯定句中可用before代替。例如 Lets get in the wheat before the sun sets.）否定句：She didnt arrive until 6 oclock. 她直到6點(diǎn)才到。 Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽車停穩(wěn)后再下車。I didnt manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才會(huì)做。 區(qū)別：1）until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。例

16、如：Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告訴我以前，出了什么事我一點(diǎn)也不知道。 2）until when 疑問(wèn)句中，until要放在句首。例如： Until when are you staying?你呆到什么時(shí)候？Until next Monday.呆到下周一。注意：否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。1）Not until在句首，主句用倒裝。例如：Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到19 世紀(jì)初，人類才

17、知道熱為何物。Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到工作，才認(rèn)識(shí)到我已蹉跎了幾多歲月。2）It is not untilthat。例如： It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.10. 表示“一就”的結(jié)構(gòu) hardly/scarcelywhen/before, no soonerthan和as soon as都可以表示“一就”的意思。例如： I had hardly / scarce

18、ly got home when it began to rain. 剛回家，就下起雨來(lái)了。 I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. As soon as I got home, it began to rain. 注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.【典型例題】基本型根

19、據(jù)A句完成B句，使兩句意思一致，每空只填一詞：1. A: Jane is a singer. She is also a dancer.B: Jane is _ _ a singer _ _ a dancer.2. A: We should learn from books and we should learn from teachers.B: We should learn _ from books _ from teachers.3. A: His mother cant help him with his lessons, and his father cant, either.B:

20、_ his mother _ his father can help him with his lessons.4. A: Its hard work, but I enjoy it.B: _ its hard work, I enjoy it.5. A: Men cant live without air and water.B: Men will die without air _ water.Keys: 1. not only ; but also 2. both ; and 3. Neither ; nor 4. Though 5. or 6. A: If you stand high

21、er, you will see farther.B: Stand higher, _ _ you will see farther.7. A: If you dont work harder, you will fail in the exam.B: Work harder, _ you wont pass the exam.8. A: How important the meeting is! I cant miss it.B: It is _ _ important meeting _ I cant miss it.9. A: After the mother came back, th

22、e boy went to bed.B: The boy _ go to bed _ his mother came back.10. A: Therere many rabbits there. They cant kill them all.B: Therere _ many rabbits there _ they cant kill them all.Keys: 6. so that 7. or 8. such an ; that 9. didnt ; until 10. such ; that 11. A: When I get there, Ill go to see him at

23、 once.B: Ill go to see him _ _ _ I get there.12. A: You may stay at home. You may also go out with us.(江西)B: You may _ stay at home _ go out with us.13. A: Mary is the tallest girl in her class.(1999福州)B: Mary is _ _ any other girl in her class.14. A: Peter draws well. Henry draws well, too.(1999廣西)

24、B: Henry draws _ _ _ Peter.15. A: Mary runs faster than my sister.(1999蘭州)B: My sister doesnt run _ _ _ Mary does.Keys: 11. as soon as 12. either ; or 13. taller than 14. as well as 15. so fast as 16. A: Uncle Wang finished his work. He went home.B: Uncle Wang _ go home _ he finished his work.17. A:

25、 Lucy has been away from the USA for 5 years.(內(nèi)蒙古)B: Its 5 years _ she _ the USA.18. A: “Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.(甘肅)B: He asked me _ the girl _ some help.19. A: Mrs. Smith is my teacher. She is also my good friend.B: Mrs. Smith is _ _ my teacher _ _ my good friend.20. A: “Nanjing

26、has changed a lot these years.” “Thats right.”B: “Nanjing has changed a lot these years.” “_ it _.”Keys: 16. didnt ; until 17. since ; left 18. if ; needed 19. not only ; but also 20. So ; has 提高型1. They didnt start the work _ their teacher came back.A. until B. while C. as soon asD. if2. The dictio

27、nary cost me too much, _ its really useful.A. and B. so C. but D. or3. Carl, are you interested in swimming?Yes, _ Im not good at it at all.A. so B. and C. or D. but4. Youll be late _ you dont get up early tomorrow morning.A. if B. when C. before D. until5. Id like to change this pair of trousers, _

28、 give me my money back. (99杭州)A. so B. or C. but D. andKeys: 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. A6. Alice wanted to know _ her grandmother liked the bag.A. that B. if C. which D. what7. Mr John has worked in that small town _ he left Canada in 1998. (98山西)A. when B. after C. for D. since8. That was our first le

29、sson, _ she didnt know all our names.A. for B. but C. so D. or 9. _ Saturday _ Sunday is OK. Ill be free in these two days.A. Either or B. Neither nor C. Both, and D. One, the other10. Please come _ have dinner with us. (1998天津)A. or B. but C. and D. so Keys: 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. C【模擬試題】（答題時(shí)間：40分

30、鐘）I. 填入適當(dāng)?shù)囊龑?dǎo)詞 1. I havent heard from him _ he went to America.2. He wont be here _ he is invited.3. He will not go to the cinema _ he is very busy.4. We found the key _ she had left it.5. We found the books two days _ he had gone away.6. We had no sooner got to the station _ the train left.7. He spe

31、aks English _ he were an Englishman.8. He is explaining clearly _ they could understand.9. Do not leave the room _ you have finished the test.10. She sang _ she went along.II. 改錯(cuò)1. The children were running on the playground as fast as they can.2. Since her husband had died，so she had to support her

32、 family.3. He wont go out until his mother will come.4. He was very foolish that he didnt pass such an easy exam.5. Tom had gone out as soon as his mother got home.6. It was three months since he came to our school.7. The playground of our school is larger than their school.8. The streets in Nanjing

33、 are wider than Shanghai.9. Whatever there is plenty of sun and rain，the fields are green.10. She sings songs as if she is a bird.III. 找出從句并指出是哪類從句1. It depends on whether we have enough time.2. The question he asked was where the electrical equipment should be stored.3. The mountain is no longer wh

34、at it used to be.4. The fact that she works hard is well known to us all.5. He was not the man that he was before.6. Now you was free，why not go swimming with us？7. Where there are schools and colleges，there are examinations.8. Bad habits，once firmed，are difficult to give up.9. She often wears the s

35、ame kind of skirt as her twin sister does.10. The moment he opened the window，a bird flew in.IV. 填入適當(dāng)?shù)囊龑?dǎo)詞完成句子1. _ will do the experiment comes to the professors office.2. _ will do the experiment hasnt been decided.3. The teacher didnt leave _ twelve oclock.4. _ the day went on，the weather got worse

36、.5. _ she is young，she knows quite a lot.6. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.7. You will be late _ you leave immediately.8. Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it.9. _ is mentioned above，the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.10. _ had I entered the room _ the phone rang.V. 改錯(cuò)1. Is this the watch for which he is looking now？2. This is all which I can do for you.3. Do you know the old man at the back of the room，whom has been chosen head of the factory.4. I want to know the