高考語法填空考點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、語法填空考點(diǎn)分析提示詞形式動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)（八大時(shí)態(tài)）語態(tài)（主動(dòng)語態(tài)&被動(dòng)語態(tài)）非謂語動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞不定式形容詞與副詞的比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換（名詞&動(dòng)詞&形容詞&副詞）詞義轉(zhuǎn)換（派生詞）純空格形式冠詞（a/an/the）介詞(in, on, at , behind, for, with, from.)代詞人稱代詞（主格&賓格）物主代詞（形容詞性物主代詞&名詞性物主代詞）反身代詞指示代詞（this，that，these, those）不定代詞（some, other, another,both,.）疑問代詞連詞從屬連詞名詞性從句定語從句狀語

2、從句并列連詞（but, however, so, and, .）固定短語或句型有提示詞的解題技巧一：謂語動(dòng)詞：若句子沒有別的謂語動(dòng)詞，或者雖然已有謂語動(dòng)詞，但需填的動(dòng)詞與之是并列關(guān)系時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞就是謂語動(dòng)詞；若是謂語動(dòng)詞，就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。1. His fear of failure_(keep) him from classroom games that other children played excitedly. kept2. That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitatio

3、n, _(close) my book and walked away. closed3. Three people _(take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. . were taken4. She told him that she _ (bring) him the water in ten minutes. would bring二、非謂語動(dòng)詞若句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞，又不是并列謂語時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞就是非謂語動(dòng)詞。若是非謂語動(dòng)詞就要確定用現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞，還是不定式。非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式一定要考慮它與其邏輯主

4、語之間的關(guān)系。技巧一：作主語或賓語，通常用現(xiàn)在分詞形式表示習(xí)慣或一般情況，用不定式表示具體的情況。1. But it is not enough only_(memorize) rules from a grammar book. 解析：因it是形式主語，后面用不定式作真正的主語，故填to memorize。2._(speak) out your feeling wont make you feel ashamed.解析：句中已有謂語wont make，所以speak應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞；謂語前面應(yīng)為主語，作主語，表示一般情況，要用動(dòng)名詞短語，故填Speaking。技巧二：作目的狀語或者在形容詞后作

5、狀語，一般用不定式。1. _ (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day.解析：因句中已有謂語will have to work，所以complete應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞；因“(為了)按計(jì)劃完成這項(xiàng)工程”是“我們每天不得不額外多工作兩小時(shí)”的目的，作目的狀語，用動(dòng)詞不定式，故填To complete。2. Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely _ (succeed

6、). 解析：因在形容詞likely后作狀語，要用動(dòng)詞不定式，故填to succeed。技巧三：作伴隨狀語，常用分詞，與邏輯主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞，與邏輯主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去分詞。這樣的題一般要特別注意空格前的逗號(hào)。1. He saw the stone, _(say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.” 解析：句中已有謂語saw，所給動(dòng)詞與saw不是并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)當(dāng)是非謂語動(dòng)詞；又因He與say是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填saying作伴隨狀語。2. The headmaster went into the lab, _ (follow) by the

7、 foreign guests.解析：句中已有謂語went，而follow又不是與之并列的，故為非謂語動(dòng)詞；又因the headmaster與follow是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作伴隨狀語。3. There will be a meeting, _ (start) later this year to review the film. 解析：因a meeting與start是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語，補(bǔ)充說明a meeting，故填starting。4. Lessons _(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other pe

8、ople. 解析：因句中已有謂語can help，所以learn應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞；又因lesson與learn是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用過去分詞短語作定語，故填learned。特別提醒有時(shí)給出的動(dòng)詞可能既不是謂語動(dòng)詞也不是非謂語動(dòng)詞，而是要求詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。如：But Jane knew from past experience that her _ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. 解析：括號(hào)中所給詞choose雖然是動(dòng)詞，但在句中作主語，且在形容詞性物主代詞后，應(yīng)當(dāng)填choose的名詞形式choice。謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞的比較練習(xí)：1. He

9、 entered the room，_(hold) a book in his hand. holding He entered the room and _(hold) a book in his hand. held2. I politely refused her invitation and _(walk) away. walked I politely refused her invitation，_(walk) away. walking3. A boy _(call) Jack came here today. called A boy who _(call) Jack came

10、 here today. was called4. We enjoy the movie _(direct) by a famous artist. directed We enjoy the movie which _(direct) by a famous artist. was directed5. When I _(hear) the news，I was excited. heard When_(hear) the news，I was excited. hearing6. Unless I _(invite)，I won,t attend the party. was invite

11、d Unless _(invite)，I wont attend the party. invited3 給出的提示詞是形容詞或副詞當(dāng)括號(hào)中所給的詞是形容詞或副詞，且根據(jù)句義空格處需要的仍是形容詞或副詞，則可能填該詞的比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)。1. He is one of the _(great) man that I have ever known. greatest2. _(luck) than other students in her class, she was admitted to Beijing University. Luckier3. When he sees other stud

12、ents _(good) than him, he usually think that they have higher IQ. better4. At first we wanted to fly because it would be _(fast) and would save us more time. faster5. The _(big) and most powerful animal in the forest was the bear. biggest6. The _(young) angel was very angry and blame the older angel

13、. younger解題技巧：1. 若兩者之間比較，或者有than，就用比較級(jí)2. 不出現(xiàn)than, 即省略了“than+比較對(duì)象”這種隱含式比較級(jí)，要注意語境理解3. 注意“l(fā)ess/least+原級(jí)”這樣的降級(jí)比較4. 若是多者之間比較，或者有in、of等介詞短語表示比較范圍，要用最高級(jí)5. 比較級(jí)前可用a bit、a little表示稍稍，一點(diǎn)；用much、a lot 表示“得多”、even表示“更加”6. asas之間用原級(jí)7. 最高級(jí)前要有the(1)The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could. He jumped even_

14、(hard) and nearly made himself out. harder(2)The _(strong) we become, the more modest we should be. stronger(3)Of the two coats, Id choose the_(cheap) one to spare some money for a book. cheaper(4)You are driving too fast. Can you drive a bit _(slow)? slower(5)This washing machine is environmentally

15、 friendly because it uses _(little) water and electricity than older models. less(6)The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted _(good) if it had been put in the fridge for a little while. better3、 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換根據(jù)該詞在句子所作句子成分確定用哪種形式。作表語、定語或補(bǔ)語，通常用形容詞。如：The youngster immediately fell _ (silence) as

16、tears flew down from his big blue eyes.解析：因在系動(dòng)詞felt后作表語，用形容詞，故填silent。In a _ (danger) part of the sea , they lost their way.解析：在冠詞與名詞之間，要用形容詞，作定語，故填dangerous。Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _ (interest) in the subject.解析：因所填詞在句中作賓語most of their students的補(bǔ)足語，用形容詞；表示“感興趣”，填

17、interested。作主語，或在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后作賓語，用名詞。 When Chinas ancient scientific and technological _ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.解析：在時(shí)間狀語從句中，要求填的詞作主語，Chinas ancient scientific and technological是主語的定語；作主語要用名詞，又由are可知，主語是復(fù)數(shù)，故填achievements。These people have mad

18、e great _(contribute) to China with their work. 解析：在句中作及物動(dòng)詞have made的賓語，要用名詞形式；表示作貢獻(xiàn)，其前面沒有不定冠詞時(shí)，習(xí)慣上用復(fù)數(shù)，故填contributions。在形容詞性物主代詞后，或者在“冠詞(+形容詞)”后，用名詞。如：Their _(happy) is based on money.解析：在形容詞性物代詞(their)后應(yīng)當(dāng)用名詞，故填happiness。The _ (operate) of the system is very difficult.解析：在冠詞后，要用名詞，故填operation。修飾動(dòng)詞、形

19、容詞、副詞，或整個(gè)句子，作狀語，用副詞形式。如：As I looked _ (close) at this girl, I found that she wasnt ugly at all. 解析：修飾動(dòng)詞looked，作狀語，用副詞，故填closely。 There must be something_(serious) wrong with our society. 解析：要求填的詞修飾形容詞wrong，作狀語，用副詞，故填seriously。Singles are flocking to the Internet_(main) because their busy lifestyles

20、leave them little time. 解析：修飾because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，修飾整個(gè)句子，作狀語，用副詞，故填mainly。_(fortunate), only two students can pass the final exam.解析：修飾整個(gè)句子，作狀語，用副詞，且根據(jù)句意可知，要表達(dá)“不幸的是”，故填Unfortunately派生詞：有可能是詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題，詞類或詞性不一定要變，主要是考查具有與詞根意義相反的派生詞，需要句子意思及前后邏輯關(guān)系，需要在詞前加前綴 un-, im-, , dis-等，或在該詞后加后綴-less People certainly have a

21、variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is _ (use).解析：作表語要用形容詞；又由句意可知，作者是表達(dá)“沒有什么知識(shí)是無用的”，故填useless。Your mistake caused a lot of _ (necessary) work in the office.解析：在名詞前作定語，仍用形容詞形式；但根據(jù)句意，“錯(cuò)誤引起了許多不必要的麻煩事”，故填unnecessary。(im) possible (im)polite (un) h

22、appy (un)healthy (un)kind care(less) home(less) use(less) （dis)like What would you do if you failed? Many people may choose to give up._1_ , the surest way to success is to keep your direction and stick _2_ your goal.On your way to success, you _3_ keep your direction.It is just like a lamp, guiding

23、 you in darkness and _4_ (help) you overcome obstacles on your way._5_ , you will easily get lost or hesitate to go ahead.Direction means objectives.You can get nowhere _6_ an objective in life. You can try to write your objective on paper and make some plans to achieve _7_.Only in this way _8_ you

24、know how to arrange your time and to spend your time _9_(proper)And you should also have a belief _10_ you are sure to succeed as long as you keep your direction all the time.【解析】本文告訴我們，要想成功，最可靠的方法就是堅(jiān)持你的方向和目標(biāo)。 1However與前句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，空格前后都有標(biāo)點(diǎn)， 用副詞however。 2tostick to意為“堅(jiān)持”。 3must由語境揣摸出作者的語氣，句意為：在通往成功的路上，你必

25、須堅(jiān)持你的方向。 4helping與guiding并列，一起補(bǔ)充說明a lamp，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。 5Otherwise由本句與前句的邏輯關(guān)系可知，要填表示“否則”的otherwise。 6without句意：人生如果沒有目標(biāo)，你將一事無成。 7itit指代your objective。 8will/can句意：只有這樣，你才會(huì)知道 9properly修飾動(dòng)詞spend作狀語用副詞。 10that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，從句中不缺句子成分，且意義完整，故填that。語法填空：純空格的解題技巧一、冠詞 （一）不定冠詞a，an的用法1表示泛指，泛指任何的、不限定的或首次提到的人或事物L(fēng)ong long a

26、ago, there was _little girl who lived with seven little man. a2表示“每一”，相當(dāng)于every, oneWe study eight hours_ day. aa和an的區(qū)別：a用于輔音開頭的單詞前，an用于元音開頭的單詞前There is _ “u” in the word”use”. As we all know, _ hour is equal to 60 minutes.（二）定冠詞the的用法：1表特指(1）特指上文已提到過的人或事物There is a pen here. _pen is mine. (2) 用于帶后置定

27、語的名詞前，表示特定的人或事物The water in _ bottle is clean. (3)特指說話雙方都知道或能體會(huì)到的人或事物Please turn on _ radio. 2表類指(1)用于形容詞前表示一類人_ rich and _ poor should be treated equal.(2)用于分詞前表示一類人The doctor is taking care of _injured and _ dying. the dying 垂危的人(3)與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用表類別_ horse is a useful animal.3表獨(dú)指用于世上獨(dú)一無二的事物名詞前_ earth t

28、urns around _ sun. 4慣用法(1)用于樂器名稱前He began to play_violin at the age of six. (2)表示“一家人”或“夫婦”_Greens 格林一家/格林夫婦(3)用于序數(shù)詞、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)前Of the two coats, I prefer _ cheaper one.(4)用于由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前_ United States_ Peoples Republic of China(5)用于江河、海洋、山脈等名詞前_Himalaya Mountains, _Yellow River, _Taiwan Island

29、(6)用于方位名詞前in_ east/west/north/south(7)用于世紀(jì)的某個(gè)年代in _ 1990s/1990s在20世紀(jì)90年代冠詞練習(xí)：1. He talked to us in _unusual way. an2. I sat next to the man and introduce myself. We had _ amazing conversation. an3. One morning he was walking along the street when a stranger stopped him.”Well,” answered _ stranger, “

30、are you still willing to take a chance?” the4. John, there is _ Mr. Wilson on the phone for you. A5. A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water. _ water was sweet. The 二、介詞介詞包括表時(shí)間、方位、方式的介詞on，in，at，with，by，through等。如果名詞、代詞前是空格，且該名詞或代詞不是作主語、賓語、或表語，而更多是作狀語時(shí)，很可能填介

31、詞。另外，含有介詞的固定搭配要積累。1、I didnt want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didnt like leaving him_his own either. on on onee own=by oneself 獨(dú)自地，靠自己地2、The young man went home_ a happy heart. with3、He was very tired _ doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy. from /after4、If you still havent

32、 got a motto, please choose one because a motto can have a great influence _ you. on5、The machine works _ itself. by 6、Its unbelievable that John fell off the truck _ being hurt. without 7、Rose was wild with joy _ the result of the exam. as 8、As soon as he entered the room, he took_ his cap and sat

33、down. off9、The number of the employees has grown from 1000 to 1200. This means that it has risen _ 20 percent. by三、代詞代詞的種類繁多，包括人稱代詞、物主代詞、疑問代詞、反身代詞和指示代詞等，其中近年來對(duì)代詞it 在句中指代事物,作形式主語或形式賓語的用法較常見。如果句子缺少主語或賓語，那一定是填名詞或代詞，名詞一般都是詞性變換，所以沒給出提示詞的，一般都是填代詞。1. Scientists in the future will certainly find other ways

34、to make life last longer. _ will find cures for more diseases. 缺人稱代詞，且作主格，填They2. As a teenager, Tom spent summers working as a lifeguard. Forty years later, _ became the oldest president. 缺人稱代詞，且作主格，填he3. “I am disappointed that you lied to me, Jack. I am angry, not with _, but with myself.” Dad sa

35、id. 缺人稱代詞，且作賓格，填you4.Tom is a kind-hearted man, so you can ask _ for help. 缺人稱代詞，且作賓語，填him5. The boy had misunderstood the doctor. He thought that he was going to give his sister all _ blood.缺形容詞性物主代詞，填 his6.Here is my dictionary. Maybe_ is on the table. If you still cant find it, you may ask your m

36、other for help. 缺主語，且沒有提示詞，所以根據(jù)句意，缺名詞性物主代詞， 填yours7.-Could I borrow you pen? -Yes, help_. 缺反身代詞，填yourself.8.By playing games, they can not only acquire knowledge, but also cultivate their abilities to get along with _. Others9. Of the two foreign guests, one is from London, _ is from New York. The o

37、ther10.He asked his teacher,“Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like _ ?”it11.She remembered how difficult _was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. 12. I think _ necessary that we drink plenty of water everyday. it四、連詞如果兩個(gè)句子（即兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)）之間沒有分號(hào)或句號(hào)，也沒有關(guān)聯(lián)詞連接或引導(dǎo)，則填并列連詞或從屬連詞。

38、并列連詞：包括表轉(zhuǎn)折but，while, however, or, otherwise；并列and；因果because，so等連詞。從屬連詞：包括that, who, which, where, when, as等。1. He answered all my questions _ we talked for over an hour. and2. I patiently walked to the library, took my seat _ took a deep breath to help relax myself. and3. I thought we would be late

39、for the concert, _we ended up getting there ahead of time. but4. You have failed two tests. Youd better start working harder, _you wont pass the course. or5. I d like to study law at university _ my cousin prefers geography. while 6. They wanted to charge $ 5,000 for the car, _ we managed to bring t

40、he price down. but 7. People from black country are very friendly. _, their local dialect is difficult to understand. However五、固定搭配或句型1.根據(jù)強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)“It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that/who+句子剩下部分”判斷空格處填it還是that._ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat meat. ItIt was in the park _ Jack me

41、t your sister yesterday. that 2.如果句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，空格后是謂語動(dòng)詞且謂語動(dòng)詞原形，而且上下文時(shí)態(tài)和謂語形式不是很一致時(shí)，則考慮以下兩種情況：（1）填表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的助動(dòng)詞However,an awful accident _happen yesterday. didAs we all know, Mary _ practice speaking English every day. does(2) 以only+狀語（從句）位于句首,句子要部分倒裝句，即把be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞提到主語的前面。Only then _ I realize that I was wrong. di

42、dOnly in this way _ you able to do it well. areI was always told that the three Ps, patience, positive thinking and perseverance, were a sure path 1_success.But this advice does not always work as planned. My high school maths exam is one example. The exam, 2_was originally to be held in our classro

43、om, 3_(change) to the library at the last minute. This, 4_, didnt bother me because maths had always been my strongest subject. I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax 5_. But my mood changed quickly _ I saw the first question. I had no idea how to d

44、o it. I tried to stay positive 7_I finally found the solution. With the problem 8_(solve),I felt proud of my achievement.9_(fortunate),I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left 10_ (complete) the rest.1.to 2.which 3.was changed 4.however 5.myself 6. when/as 22.until 8.solved 9.Unfortunately 10

45、to complete More than 2000 years ago, there lived a young man in the Shouling area of the State of Yan. 1_ (lack) self-confidence, he was 2_ a loss as to how to behave all the time. 3_the days went by, he 4_ (feel) that his walking gestures were too clumsy and awkward. One day, he met some people on

46、 the road who were chatting and laughing. 5_ of them said that people in Handan walked 6_ (grace). And that was just 7_ he was most concerned about, so he went to Handan，8_ was far away, to learn how to walk. As soon as he arrived in Handan, he learned from the children there how to walk, 9_ he thou

47、ght that the childrens walking gestures were lively.He learned from the old people there how to walk, because he thought the old people's walking gestures were steady. He learned from the women there how to walk, because he thought the women's waving walking gestures were beautiful. That bei

48、ng the case with him, in less than half 10_ month he even forgot how to walk. As he had already used up his traveling expenses, he had to crawl. 1. Lacking。因he與lack是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，表示原因。2. at。固定短語：at a loss茫然，不知如何是好。as to 至于，關(guān)于3. As。引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“隨著”。4. felt。由上下文可知，用一般過去時(shí)。5. One。指其中之一，用故one of them。6

49、. gracefully。修飾動(dòng)詞作狀語，用副詞gracefully。7. what。引導(dǎo)表語從句并在從句中作about的賓語，故用連接代詞what。8. which。引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句并在從句中作主語,只能用which。9. because。10. a。搭配：half a month半個(gè)月。A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water._31_water was sweet. He filled his leather container so that he could

50、 bring some back to elder _32_ had been his teacher .After a four-day journey, the young man_33_.(present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink,smiled_34_(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home_35_a happy heart.After the student left,

51、 the teacher let _36_student taste the water. He spit it out, _37_(say) it was awful. Apparently, it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container. He asked his teacher,” Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like _38_?”  The teacher replied,” You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The w