直接引語和間接引語知識點歸納(共6頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上直接引語和間接引語引述或轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話稱為“引語”。直接引用別人的原話，兩邊用引號“ “標出，叫做直接引語；用自己的語言轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，不需要引號這叫做間接引語，實際上間接引語大都是賓語從句（其中由祈使句轉(zhuǎn)換的間接引語除外，其轉(zhuǎn)換后是不定式）。那么直接引語為陳述句、一般疑問句、特殊疑問句和祈使句，轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語時，句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，人稱、時態(tài)、時間狀語和地點狀語等都要有變化，如何變化呢? 1、人稱的轉(zhuǎn)變 1）直接引語中的第一人稱，一般轉(zhuǎn)換為第三人稱，如： He said，“I am very sorry.” >He said that he was very sorry.

2、 2）直接引語中的第二人稱，如果原話是針對轉(zhuǎn)述人說的，轉(zhuǎn)換為第一人稱，如： “You should be more careful next time,” my father told me.> My father told me that I should be more careful the next time. 3）直接引語中的第二人稱，如果原話是針對第三人稱說的，轉(zhuǎn)換成第三人稱。如： She said to her son, “I'll check your homework tonight.” > She said to her son that she wou

3、ld check his homework that night. 4）人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換包括人稱代詞、物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞等，如： He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” > He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon. 總之，人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換不是固定的，具體情況，具體對待，要符合邏輯。 2、時態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換 直接引語改

4、為間接引語時，主句中的謂語動詞如果是過去時，從句（即間接引語部分）的謂語動詞在時態(tài)方面要作相應(yīng)的變化，變成過去時范疇的各種時態(tài)（實際也是賓語從句的時態(tài)要求），變化如下： “I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. > She said she was very glad to visit our school. Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music.” > Tom said that they were listening to the pop music. Mother as

5、ked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?” > Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV. He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?” > He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus. “Why did she

6、 refuse to go there?” the teacher asked. > The teacher asked why she had refused to go there. Mother asked me, “Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?” > Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV. Tom said, “We were having a football match this time

7、yesterday.” > Tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before. He said，“I haven't heard from my parents these days.” > He said that he hadn't heard from his parents those days. 3、直接引語變成間接引語時，從句時態(tài)無須改變的情況 1）當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時的時候，如： He always says, “I am tired out.” &

8、gt;He always says that he is tired out. 2）當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是將來時的時候，如： He will say, “Ill try my best to help you.” >He will say that he will try his best to help me. 3）當(dāng)直接引語部分帶有具體的過去時間狀語時，如： He said, “I went to college in 1994.” >He told us that he went to college in 1994. 4）當(dāng)直接引語中有以when, while引導(dǎo)的從句，表示過

9、去的時間時，如： He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school.” > He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school. 5）當(dāng)直接引語是客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象時，如： Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” > Our teacher told us that light travels faster than soun

10、d. 6）當(dāng)引語是諺語、格言時，如： He said，“Practice makes perfect.” >He said that practice makes perfect. 7）當(dāng)直接引語中有情態(tài)動詞should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need 時，如： The doctor said, “You'd better drink plenty of water.” > The doctor said I'd better drink pl

11、enty of water. He said, “She must be a teacher.”> He said that she must be a teacher. He said, “She ought to have arrived her office by now.”> He said that she ought to have arrived her office by then. The teacher said, “You needn't hand in your compositions today.”> The teacher said we

12、 needn't/didn't need to/didn't have to hand in our compositions. She asked, “Must I take the medicine?”> She asked if she had to take the medicine. 注：此處用had to代替must更好 Teacher: You may have the ball game this afternoon. Student : What did the teacher say, Monitor? Monitor: He said we

13、might have the ball game this afternoon. 4、時間狀語、地點狀語及某些對比性的指示代詞和動詞變化 直接引語間接引語指示代詞this/thesethat/those時間狀語nowthentodaythat daytonightthat nightthis week (month)that week (month)yesterdaythe day beforelast week (month)the week (month)beforetwo weeks (month)agotwo weeks (months)beforetomorrowthe next d

14、aynext week (month)the next week (month)地點狀語herethere動詞comegobringtakeHe said, “I met Mr. Smith this morning.”他說“我今天早晨見到史密斯了。”He said that he had met Mr. Smith that morning. 他說他那天早晨見到史密斯了。He said, “We went to the cinema yesterday.” 他說：“我們昨天去電影院了?！盚e said they had gone to the cinema the day before. 他

15、說前一天他們?nèi)ル娪霸毫?。Lily said, “I will come back next month.” 莉莉說：“我下個月回來。”Lily said that she would go back the next month. 莉莉說她下一個月就回去。He said, “It is nine o'clock now.”他說：“現(xiàn)在九點了。”He said that it was nine o'clock then.他說那時九點了。He said, “I haven't seen her today.”他說：“今天我沒見到她。”He said that he hadn

16、't seen her that day .他說那天他沒有見到她。She said, “I went there yesterday.”她說：“昨天我去了那兒?！盨he said that she had gone there the day before.她說前一天她去了那兒。She said, “I'll go there tomorrow.”她說：“明天我將去那兒?！盨he said that she would go there the next day.她說第二天她將去那兒。He said, “My sister was here three days ago.”他說

17、：“三天前我妹妹在這兒?！盚e said that his sister had been there three days before.他說三天前他妹妹在那兒。(herethere; agobefore)She said, “I will come here this evening.”她說：“今晚我將來這兒?！盨he said that she would go there that evening.她說那晚她將去那兒。（comego；herethere；thisthat） 以上這些變化,要根據(jù)說話的具體時間和具體地點的情況而定，不可機械照搬。如果就在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here就不必改為ther

18、e, come也不必改為go,如果就在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述，yesterday或tomorrow等時間狀語也不必改變。直接引語中的一般過去時如與一個具體的過去時間狀語連用，間接引語的一般過去時時態(tài)不變。Father said,“I am free this afternoon ”父親說：“我今天下午有空?！盕ather said that he was free this afternoon. 父親說他今天下午有空。He said, “I am going there tomorrow.”他說“我明天去那里。”He said that he was going there tomorrow. 他說他明天去

19、那里。巧記:去掉引號加that，人稱變化要靈活，時態(tài)向后退一步，狀語變化按規(guī)定5、直接引語變成間接引語，句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化 1）陳述句。用連詞that引導(dǎo)，that在口語中常省略。主句的謂語動詞可直用接引語中的said, 也可用told來代替，注意，可以說said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接說told that, 如： He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.” >He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. He said, “I'

20、ll give you an examination next Monday.”> He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.（不可說told that） 此外主句中的謂語還常有： repeat, whisper, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等，又如： He said，“I'm late because of the heavy traffic.”> He explained to us that he was late

21、 because of the heavy traffic. 如果間接引語是由that引導(dǎo)的兩個或兩個以上的并列從句，第一個連詞可以省略，以后的連詞一般不省略，以免混亂。 The doctor said, “You are not seriously ill, You will be better soon.”> The doctor said（that）I was not seriously ill and that I would be better soon. 2）直接引語為一般疑問句，（也稱是否疑問句，）間接引語用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)，原主句中謂語動詞said要改為ask

22、ed（me/him/us等），語序是陳述句的語序，這一點非常重要。 He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”> He asked（me）whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. He said, “You are interested in English, aren't you?”> He asked whether I was interested in English. 3） 直接引語為選擇疑問句，間接引語用whetheror表

23、達，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror. 如： He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”> He asked me whether I spoke English or French. I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?”> I asked him whether he would take bus or take train. 4）直接引語為特殊疑問句，改成間接引語時，原來的疑問詞作為間接引語的連詞，主句的謂語動詞用ask（sb.）來表達，語序改為陳述句語序。如： He asked

24、，“What's your name?”> He asked（me）what my name was. He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?”> He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country. 5）直接引語為祈使句時，改為間接引語，用帶to的不定式表達，謂語動詞常是ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等。如ask sb. to do，（由肯定祈使句變

25、成）ask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句轉(zhuǎn)變），并且在不定式短語中的時間狀語、地點狀語、人稱及時態(tài)都作相應(yīng)的變化。如： He said，“Be seated, please.”> He asked us to be seated. “Do be careful with your handwriting.” He said. > He told me to be careful with my handwriting. “Never come here again!” said the officer nearby. > The officer ordered t

26、he villagers never to go there again. “Don't touch anything in the lab without permission,” the teacher said. > The teacher warned the students not to touch anything in the lab without permission. 6）有些含有“建議”>、“勸告”>的祈使句，可用suggest, insist, offer等動詞轉(zhuǎn)述，如： He said, “Let's have a rest.”&g

27、t; He suggested our having a rest. He said, “Let me help you.”> He offered to help me. 7）當(dāng)直接引語形式上是疑問句，有表示請求，建議意義時，可用ask sb. to do sth. /suggest doing/advise sb. to do sth. 等形式轉(zhuǎn)述。如： “Would you mind opening the door?” he asked. >He asked me to open the door. “Why not going out for a walk?” he as

28、ked us. > He advised us to go out for a walk. 或He suggested we go out for a walk. 8）直接引語是感嘆句時，變間接引語可用what或how引導(dǎo)，也可用that引導(dǎo)，如： She said, “What a lovely day it is!”> She said what a lovely day it was. 或She said that it was a lovely day. 即學(xué)即練1. He asked _ for the computer. A. did I pay how much B.

29、 I paid how much. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. He asked me _. A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film3. “Please close the window,” he said to me. He _ me _ the window. A. said to; to cl

30、ose B. told to; closing C. asked ; to close D. said to; please close4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. He said _. A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” He _- very naughty. A. said his mother that the boy was B

31、. said to his mother that the boy is C. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was6. “Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked.She asked _. A. if I have already got well, hadnt you B. whether I had already got well C. have I already got well D. had I already got w

32、ell.7. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?” He asked me _. A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League member C. if I was a Party member or a League member D. whether was I a Party member or a League member.8. He asked, “How are you getting along

33、?” He asked _. A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting along C. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along9. He asked me _ with me. A. what the matter is B. what the mater was C. whats the matter D. what was the matter10. He said, “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again. A. said

34、to me; not to do B. said to me; dont do C. told me; dont do D. told me; not to do11. 我告訴他我丟了錢并會找到這筆錢。          12. 她問我第二天有沒有空。          13. 我問她第二天去哪里去干什么。          14. 他爸爸告訴他不要穿著新外套去爬樹。          15. 這

35、個陌生人問我的名字是什么。          16. 他說:"我把書落在你房間了。"          17. 她說:"他會很忙的。"          18. 她對湯姆說:"你能幫我嗎?"          19. "Where does your chemistry teacher live, Karen?" th

36、e young man asked.          20. "I have gained the first place in the mathematics competition," the little boy said happily.          21. "Light travels faster than sound," the physics teacher said to the boys and girls.   &#

37、160;      22. "Will you go to the concert with me this evening?" Mary asked me.          23. "What did you do here yesterday?" the old man asked my brother.          24. She asked what was the matter with me.          25. He asked me if I was