專四完型填空及答案

1、2000年 一The difference between a liquid and a gas is obvious (26) the conditions of temperature and pressure commonly found at the surface of the Earth. A liquid can be kept in an open container and (27) it to the level of a free surface. A gas forms no free surface but (28) to diffuse throughout the

2、 space available; it must (29) be kept in a closed container, as (30) a planets atmosphere. The distinction was a prominent feature of early theories (31) the phases of matter. In the nineteenth century, for example, one theory maintained that a liquid could be dissolved in a vapor without losing it

3、s identity, and another theory held that the two phases are( 32 )different kinds o f molecules(分子). The theories now prevailing (33) a quit e different approach by emphasizing what liquids and gases have in common. They are both forms of matter that have no permanent structure and they both flow ea

4、silly. They are fluids. The( 34 )similarly of liquids and gases becomes clearly apparent when the temperature and pressure are raised somewhat.(35) A closed container partially filled with a liquid is heated. The liquid expands or (36) becomes less dense; some of it evaporates. (37), the vapor above

5、 the liquid surface becomes dense r as the evaporated molecules are added to it. The combination of temperature and d pressure (38) the densities become equal is (39) the critical point. Above the critical point the liquid and the gas can no longer be( 40 ); there is a single, undifferentiated fluid

6、 phase of uniform density.26. A. in B. on C. under D. beyond 27. A. fills B. be filled C. filling D. to fill 28. A. intendsB. tends C. inclines D. contends 29. A. howeverB. nevertheless C. so D. therefore 30 A. in the event of B. in the case of C. with a view to D. with reference to 31. A. having de

7、scribed B. described C. describing D. to have described 32. A. made up of B. consisted of C. constituted of D. made from 33. A. apply B. adapt C. take D. conduct 34. A. elementary B. crucial C. rudimentary D. fundamental 35. A. Suppose B. To suppose C. Being supposed D. Supposed 36. A. in a word B.

8、in the meantime C. in other words D. in that case 37. A. Similarly B. In contrast C. Furthermore D. Instead 38. A. on that B. on which C. at that D. at which 39. A. known B. defined C. called D. referred to 40. A. classified B. recognized C. categorized D. Distinguished短文大意：這篇文章介紹了氣體與液體的特性及相關(guān)理論。26答案

9、：B【試題分析】本題考查對固定搭配的掌握。【詳細解答】under與condition搭配，表示“在條件或狀況下”；on與 condition搭配，表示“在條件下”；in與condition構(gòu)成習(xí)慣短語，表示“身體狀況良好”，而be out of condition”則表示“身體狀況不好”。 這里是說“在地球表面通常的溫度和壓強條件下”，故選項B為正確答案。27答案：A【試題分析】本題為語法題，考查對句子結(jié)構(gòu)的理解。【詳細解答】由于所填詞前有and這一并列連詞，這里缺少一個謂語與前面的“can be”并列。謂語動詞fill意思是“使充滿”，具有使動意義，其后直接跟賓語，故選項A是正確答案。28答

10、案：B【試題分析】本題為動詞詞義辨析題。【詳細解答】 intend意為“打算，意圖”，主語通常是人；tend意為“有傾向”，后接不定式，主語可以是人也可以是物；incline意為“使(某人)傾向于，使(某人)有意思(做某事)”，常用于被動語態(tài)be inclined to；contend意為“爭奪；爭辯”。這里是說“但（氣體）往往會擴散到任何可能的空間”，故選項B為正確答案。29答案：D【試題分析】本題為語法題，考查連詞的用法。【詳細解答】however表轉(zhuǎn)折意為“然而”；nevertheless也表轉(zhuǎn)折，意為“然而”；so表結(jié)果，但常放于句首; therefore表結(jié)果，意為“因此，所以”。這

11、里是說氣體容易擴散，所以必須保存在密閉的容器里。因此此處需要一個表結(jié)果關(guān)系的連詞，故選項D為正確答案。30答案：B【試題分析】本題考查對固定搭配的掌握?！驹敿毥獯稹縤n the event of表示“如果發(fā)生，萬一”；in the case of表示“在的情況下，就而言”; with a view of或者with a view to，意思是“以為目的；為起見”；with reference to意思是“關(guān)于”。根據(jù)上下文，這里是說“必須將氣體存放在一個密封的容器里，如同一顆行星的大氣一樣?！?故選項B為正確答案。31答案：C【試題分析】本題為語法題，考查對非謂語動詞的掌握?！驹敿毥獯稹勘揪渲?/p>

12、的describe的邏輯主語為theories，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。同時，describe這一動作只說明一種事實，并不與其他動詞作時間上的先后比較，不必用完成式。故選項C為正確答案。32答案：A【試題分析】本題為短語詞義與用法辨析題?！驹敿毥獯稹縞onsist of一般用主動式; be made from一般指某種產(chǎn)品由某種材料制成(但從外表上看不出原材料); be made up of表示“由組成”。根據(jù)上下文理解，此處要求填一“由組成”的短語，故選項C為正確答案。33答案：C【試題分析】本題考查對固定搭配的掌握?！驹敿毥獯稹縜pply意為“應(yīng)用”；adapt意為“使適應(yīng)”；conduct意為“

13、指導(dǎo)；處理”，均不能與approach搭配。take approach為固定搭配，意思是“采用方法”，符合句意。34答案：D【試題分析】本題為形容詞詞義辨析題?！驹敿毥獯稹?elementary意為“初步的，基本的”，指事物處于基礎(chǔ)的或開始的階段；crucial意為“極緊要的，決定性的”；rudimentary意為“基本的，初步的”；fundamental意為“基礎(chǔ)的，十分重要的”。文中說“液體與氣體之間的根本相似性在溫度和壓強有所提高時變得十分明顯。”故選項D最合題意。35答案：A【試題分析】本題為語法題，考查動詞的特殊用法?！驹敿毥獯稹縮uppose后常接一個省略了that的賓語從句，表示

14、“假定，假設(shè)”，用來展開說明。36答案：C【試題分析】本題考查關(guān)聯(lián)詞的用法?！驹敿毥獯稹縤n a word表示對上文的總結(jié)；in the mean time表示“同時”；in that case表示“在那種情況下”；in other words意為“換句話說”。上文的“expands”和后文“becomes less dense”的意思一致，后一句是為了解釋說明前一句，故用in other words。37答案：B【試題分析】本題考查語篇分析能力?！驹敿毥獯稹?similarly意為“同樣的”；furthermore意為“而且”，表示更進一步的關(guān)系；instead意為“相反，反而”，表對比關(guān)系

15、，一般針對相同人、事情或行為。上文說當加熱的時候，液體蒸發(fā)變得稀薄，而下文說氣體因為蒸汽分子的加入而變得稠密，因此兩句之間存在明顯對比關(guān)系，只有in contrast最合題意。38答案：D【試題分析】本題考查關(guān)系詞的用法?！驹敿毥獯稹勘揪渥右鉃椤笆挂后w和氣體密度相同的那個狀態(tài)下的溫度和壓力被稱作臨界點。”句中的“temperature and pressure”是先行詞，需要一個關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)一個定語從句修飾先行詞。特定數(shù)值的temperature和pressure與at搭配意為“在某個溫度和壓力下”。由于that引導(dǎo)定語從句時前面不能有介詞，所以正確答案是D。39答案：C【試題分析】本題為動詞詞

16、義及用法辨析題。【詳細解答】known的常用結(jié)構(gòu)是be known to be或be known as；defined 常用結(jié)構(gòu)是be defined as；refer to意為“提到，說起”，不用于被動語態(tài)；只有called后可直接接主語補語。40答案：D【試題分析】本題為動詞詞義及用法辨析題?！驹敿毥獯稹縞lassify指對某種對象進行“分類”；category指將某類事物“歸類”；recognise表示“識別”；distinguish表示“區(qū)分”。根據(jù)句意，“在臨界點之上時，氣體和液體就很難再區(qū)分開來”，選項D為正確答案。2001The translator must have an e

17、xcellent, up-to-date knowledge of his source languages, full facility in the handling of his target language, which will be his mother tongue or language of habitual ( 26 )and a knowledge and understanding of the latest subject-matter in his field of specialization.This is, as it were, his professio

18、nal equipment.( 27 )this, it is desirable that he should have an inquiring mind, wide interests, a good memory and the ability to grasp quickly the basic principles of new developments. He should be willing to work ( 28 )is own, often at high speeds, but should be humble enough to consult others ( 2

19、9 )his own knowledge not always prove adequate to the task in hand. He should be able to type fairly quickly and accurately and, if he is working mainly for publication, should have more than a nodding ( 30 )with printing techniques and proof-reading. If he is working basically as an information tra

20、nslator, let us say, for an industrial firm, he should have the flexibility of mind to enable him to ( 31 )rapidly from one source language to another, as well as from one subject-matter to another, since this ability is frequently ( 32 )of him in such work. Bearing in mind the nature of the transla

21、tors worksite. The processing of the written word, it is, strictly speaking, ( 33 )that he should be able to speak the language he is dealing with. If he does speak them, it is an advantage (34) a hindrance, but this skill is in many ways a luxury that he can (35) with. It is, (36), desirable that h

22、e should have an approximate idea about the pronunciation of his source languages even if this is restricted to ( 37 )how proper names and place names are pronounced. The same ( 38 )to an ability to write his source languages. If he can, well and good; if he cannot, it does not ( 39 ). There are man

23、y other skills and ( 40 )that are desirable in a translator.26. A. application B. useC. utility D. usage 27. A. More than B Except fo C.Because of D.In addition to 28. A. of B. byC. for D. on 29. A. should B. whenC. because D. if 30. A. familiariy B. acquaintanceC. knowledge D. skill 31. A. change B

24、. transformC. turn D. switch 32. A. lacked B. requiredC. faced D. confronted 33. A. essentialB. unnecessaryC. advantageous D. useless 34. A. over B. despiteC. rather than D. instead 35. A. deal B. concernC. work D. do away 36. A. however B. accordinglyC. consequently D. thus 37. A. knowing B. having

25、 known C. know D. have known 38. A. refers B. comes C. applies D. amounts 39. A. matter B. mind C. harm D. work 40. A. characteristics B. qualities C. distinctions D. features 短文大意：這篇文章討論的是翻譯所需的技能和素質(zhì)。26. 答案：B【試題分析】本題為近義名詞詞義辨析題?！驹敿毥獯稹窟@四個選項都有“應(yīng)用，運用”的意思。application指“（理論知識的）應(yīng)用”；use表示“（工具等的）使用”；utility指“

26、實用”，有效地使用某物使其發(fā)揮效用；usage側(cè)重于“具體的用法”。此處是指語言的運用，故應(yīng)該選use。27. 答案：D【試題分析】本題為語法題，考查關(guān)聯(lián)詞的用法。【詳細解答】more than常用于比較級，意為“比更加”；except for意為“除外”的意思；because of意為“由于，因為”；in addition to意為“加上；除外，還有”。這里是說翻譯人員除了應(yīng)具備前面所說的基本知識外，還應(yīng)有好學(xué)的品質(zhì)，故選項D為正確答案。28. 答案：D【試題分析】本題考查對固定搭配的掌握?！驹敿毥獯稹縪n ones own指依靠某人自己的力量做某件事，“獨自，獨立”。of onesown指

27、某人自己擁有的東西；介詞by和for都不與own搭配。根據(jù)句意，選項D為正確答案。29. 答案：A【試題分析】本題為語法題，考查對虛擬語氣的掌握。【詳細解答】本句是一個表示與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣句。表示條件的從句中沒有if，應(yīng)用部分倒裝。故選項A為正確答案。30. 答案：B【試題分析】本題考查對固定搭配的掌握?！驹敿毥獯稹縜 nodding acquaintance意為“點頭之交”；familiarity with意為“通曉；精通”；acquaintance with指“(從經(jīng)驗所得的)知識；了解”；knowledge指“知識”，skill指“技能；熟練”，都與of連用。31. 答案：D【試

28、題分析】本題為近義動詞詞義辨析題。【詳細解答】這四個選項都有“轉(zhuǎn)變，變更”的意思。change意為“改變，變化”，常用于change fromto（由轉(zhuǎn)變成）；transform意為“使轉(zhuǎn)化”；turn意為“轉(zhuǎn)變”，常與介詞from, into搭配；switch意為“轉(zhuǎn)換”，指完全或突然的轉(zhuǎn)變。本句是指從一種語言轉(zhuǎn)換到另一種語言，應(yīng)用動詞switch。32. 答案：B【試題分析】本題考查對固定搭配的掌握?！驹敿毥獯稹縧ack 常用于短語“l(fā)ack of”；require常用于“require sth. of sb.”；face常用于“be faced with”；confront常用于“be

29、confronted with”。故選項B為正確答案。33答案：B【試題分析】本題考查對上下文的理解?！驹敿毥獯稹可衔闹械摹皌he nature of the translators work”就是“the processing ofthe written word”，而下文“this skill”指的是“be able to speak the languages he is dealing with”，故此處應(yīng)選unnecessary，即他不必會講他所處理的語言。34答案：C【試題分析】本題考查連接詞的用法?！驹敿毥獯稹看颂幮枰粋€連詞將“an advantage”和“a hindranc

30、e”連接起來。根據(jù)上下文，此處是肯定advantage否定hindrance，所以應(yīng)選rather than表示“而不是”。35答案：D【試題分析】本題考查對固定搭配的掌握?！驹敿毥獯稹縞oncern常與about搭配，意為“關(guān)心”，而不與with搭配；deal with意為“處理”；work with意為“工作”，都不符合句意。do away with意為“除掉，取消”。這里指“沒有掌握說這些語言的技巧”，故選項B為正確答案。36答案：A.【試題分析】本題考查連詞的用法?！驹敿毥獯稹可衔恼f的是“unnecessary”，而下文說的是“desirable”，所以此處應(yīng)該填一個表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞

31、。四個選項中，只有however是表轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞，其他選項都是表示結(jié)果關(guān)系的連詞，故選項A為正確答案。37答案：A【試題分析】本題為語法題，考查對非謂語動詞的掌握。【詳細解答】be restricted to中to是介詞，后面要求跟一個名詞，故選項A為正確答案。38答案：C【試題分析】本題考查對固定搭配的掌握?！驹敿毥獯稹縭efer to意為“提到，說起”；come to意為“談到，關(guān)于”；apply to 意為“應(yīng)用，適用”；amount to意為“相當于，總共達”。這里是說用源語言寫作的能力也是如此，故應(yīng)選apply to。39答案：A【試題分析】本題考查對固定搭配的掌握。【詳細解答】it

32、does not matter意思是“不要緊，沒關(guān)系”。這里是說如果譯者沒有這種能力，也不要緊。40答案：B【試題分析】本題為形容詞詞義辨析題?！驹敿毥獯稹縞haracteristic意為“特征；特色”，比較注重外在的；quality指意為“特質(zhì)；品質(zhì)；素質(zhì)”，比較注重內(nèi)在的；distinction意為“區(qū)別；分別”；feature意為“特征，特色”，側(cè)重具體的某個特征。這里指內(nèi)在品質(zhì)，與skills并列，故應(yīng)選quality。2002年P(guān)eople thinking about the origin of language for the first time usually arrive

33、at the conclusion that it developed gradually as a system of grunts, hisses and cries and ( 26 ) a very simple affair in the beginning.( 27 ), when we observe the language behaviour of ( 28 )we regard as primitive cultures,we find it ( 29 )complicated. It was believed that an Eskimo must have the ti

34、p of his tongue a vocabulary of more than 10,000 words ( 30 ) to get along reasonably well, much larger than the active vocabulary of an average businessman who speaks English.( 31 ), these Eskimo words are far more highly infleeted(詞尾變化的) than ( 32 ) of any of the well -known European languages,for

35、 a( 33 )noun can be spoken or written in ( 34 ) hundred different forms, each ( 35 )a precise meaning different from that of any other.The forms of the verbs are even more( 36 ). The Eskimo language is, therefore,one of the most difficult in the world to learn,( 37 ) the result that almost no trader

36、s or explorers have( 38 )tried to learn it. Consequently , there has grown up, in communication between Eskimos and whites, a jargon ( 39 )to the pidgin English used in Old China, with a vocabulary of from 300 to 600 uninflected words. Most of them are derived from Eskimo but some are derived from E

37、nglish, Danish,Spanish, Hawaiian and other languages. It is this jargon that is usually( 40 ) by travellers as “the Eskimo language”.26. A. must be B. must have been C. ought to be D. should be 27. A. However B. Therefore C. Probably D. Undoubtedly 28. A. whose B. that C.which D.what 29. A. conspicu

38、ously B. usually C. surprisingly D. sufficiently 30. A. so as B. so that C. as such D. as well as 31. A. However B. Moreover C. Though D. Therefore 32. A. the others B. all others C. these D. those 33. A. single B. singular C. plural D. compound 34. A. some B. several C. various D. varied 35. A. get

39、ting B. causing C. having D. owning 36. A. endless B. multiple C. uncountable D. numerous 37. A. with B. for C. owing to D.as 38. A. still B. indeed C. just D. even 39. A. alike B. similar C. related D. relevant 40. A. referred to B. talked about C. spoken D. told 答案：2630：BADCA 3135：BDABC 3640：DADBA

40、2003年During McDonalds early years French fries were made from scratch every day.Russet Burbank potatoes were (26), cut into shoestrings, and fried in itskitchens. (27)the chain expanded nationwide, in the mid-1960s, it sought tocut labour costs, reduce the number of suppliers, and (28) that its frie

41、stasted the same at every restaurant. McDonalds began (29) to frozen Frenchfries in 1966and few customers noticed the difference. (30), the changehad a profound effect on the nations agriculture and diet. A familiar food hadbeen transformed into a highly processed industrial (31). McDonalds friesnow

42、 come from huge manufacturing plants (32) can process two million poundsof potatoes a day. The expansion (33) McDonalds and the popularity of itslow-cost, mass-produced fries changed the way Americans eat.Thetaste of McDonalds French fries played a crucial role in the chainssuccessfries are much mor

43、e profitable than hamburgersand was (34) praisedby customers, competitors, and even food critics. Their (35) taste does notstem from the kind of potatoes that McDonalds (36), the technology thatprocesses them, or the restaurant equipment that fries them: other chains useRusset Burbank, buy their Fre

44、nch fries from the (37) large processingcompanies, and have similar (38) in their restaurant kitchens. The taste ofa French fry is (39)determined by the cooking oil. For decades McDonaldscooked its French fries in a mixture of about 7 per cent cottonseed oil and 93per cent beef fat. The mixture gave

45、 the fries their unique (40). 26.A.scaled B.stripped C.peeled D.sliced 27. A.As B.Due to C.Owing to D.With 28. A.ensue B.ensure C.enrich D.enable 29. A.switchingB.divertingC.modifying D.altering 30. A.Still B.AnywayC.BesidesD.Nevertheless 31. A.brand B.stuff C.commodity D.produce 32. A.thisB.that C.

46、/ D.what 33. A.into B.from C.in D.of 34. A.longB.only C.first D.lonely 35. A.distinctive B.distinctC.distinguishedD.distinguishable 36. A.possesses B.buys C.acquires D.grows 37.A.exact B.identical C.same D.alike 38. A.woks B.pots C.boilers D.fryers 39. A.adequateely B.massively C.plentifully D.large

47、ly 40. A.flavourB.fragrance C.smell D.perfume答案：2630：CABAD 3135：CBDAA 3640：BCDDA2004The normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep alternation with some 16-17 hours wakefulness and that the sleep normally coincides(26) the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easil

48、y and to what extent this(27) can be modified.The question is no mere academic one. The ease with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a(28)of growing importance in industry where automation(29) round-the-clock working of machines. It normally(30)from five days to o

49、ne week for a person to adapt to a(31) routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. (32) it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine(33)he has to change to another, (34)much of his ti

50、me is spent neither working nor sleeping very(35).One answer would seem to be(36) periods on each shift, a month, or even three months. (37), recent research has shown that people on such systems will revert to go back to their(38) habits of sleep and wakefulness during the week-end and that this is

51、 quite enough to destroy any(39) to night work built up during the week. The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to those permanent night workers whose(40) may persist through all week-ends and holidays.26.A.in B.with C.of D.over27.A.cycle B.period C.circle D.round28.A.prob

52、lem B.difficulty C.trouble D.matter29.A.asks B.invites C.calls for D.reacts to30.A.takes B.spends C.demands D.asks31.A.former B.returned C.reversed D.regular32.A.Therefore B.UnfortunatelyC.In a word D.In comparison33.A.as B.when C.then D.than34.A.though B.so that C.while D.as35.A.efficiently B.good

53、C.easily D.happily36.A.shorter B.better C.longer D.nicer37.A.So B.In short C.Similarly D.However38.A.new B.normal C.temporary D.favourite39.A.change B.return C.adaptation D.tendency40.A.wakefulness B.sleep C.preference D.habit 答案：2630：BADCA 3135：CBDBA 3640：CDBCD 2005 A persons home is as much a refl

54、ection of his personality as the clothes he wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time. Depending on personality, most have in mind a(n) “(31) _ home”. But in general, and especially for the student or new wage earners, there are practical (32) of cash and location on achie

55、ving that idea.Cash (33) , in fact, often means that the only way of (34) when you leave school is to stay at home for a while until things (35) financially. There are obvious (36) of living at homepersonal laundry is usually (37) done along with the family wash; meals are provided and there will be