綜英第3冊(cè)u(píng)nit5練習(xí)答案

1、英專綜合教程3 （第2版）電子教案 Unit 5Unit 5Text ComprehensionI. CII. TTTFFIII. 1. Refer to Para.2-5. Professor DePaulos study suggests that lying is a common phenomenon and most of the lies we tell are small and insignificant. Meanwhile, as she points out, it is common that people take lies lightly: their lies h

2、ave caused them little preoccupation or regret.2. Refer to Para. 3. According to the passage, the purpose of telling lies or white lies varies: women tell lies according to the principle of caring, or to spare others feelings, and men tell lies basically for utilitarian self-promoting purposes.3. Re

3、fer to Para.7-10. The story of Tom supports the argument that little white lies are ubiquitous, and people have taken such lies for granted, believing that they are well-intended. When he consulted with Michael Josephson, the reply is very negative: his mother-in-;aw may feel hurt when she discovers

4、 the deceit some day. Or even worse, she may question: “And what else have you lied to me about?” In short, such white lies may produce mistrust among people.4. Refer to Para.12-15. The consequences of lying are three-fold: the deceived may feel cheated and wont trust the liar any more; the liar wil

5、l lose trust and get entangled in the lies he fabricates; and, if lies proliferate endlessly, society as a whole would falter and collapse as trust is damaged or destroyed.5. Refer to Para.16. Not all white lies are unacceptable. Some falsehoods like setting somebody up for a surprise party or telli

6、ng children about the tooth fairy can be justified. However, you have to consider the attitude of the deceived towards lying and the consequences, i.e. whether your act will undermine his trust in you.IV.1. When we start to tell a lie, we have entered a very intricate situation, as a lie often requi

7、res other lies until the whole structure of lies becomes so complex that it ensnares the liar.2. One is less inhibited from lying; his ability to make moral right and wrong judgments is dulled, and he may become less cautious against being caught.3. The most understandable and acceptable lies are th

8、ose which are told for the sake of love and care at the expense of trust, according to the ethicists.Vocabulary (Pp. 83-84)I. 1. earth-shatteringà very important/shocking/traumatic 2. spare the others feelingsà avoid hurting the others feelings/ avoid doing something that would upset the o

9、ther person 3. shaping or spinning the truth àtelling the truth with a favorable emphasis or slant/modifying the truth4. a slippery slopeàa course of action which can easily lead to something unacceptable, wrong, or disastrous5. at all costs/ at any costàunder any circumstances/ whate

10、ver might happenII. 1. supportive 2. perceived 3. prevarication 4. astounded5. undermine 6. faltered 7. fibs 8. volunteeredIII. (Word Derivation)1) unethicalethic n. ethical a. unethical a.倫理學(xué)是哲學(xué)的分科。Ethics is a branch of philosophy.他的行為不太道德。His behaviour has not been strictly ethical.2) feignedfeign

11、 v. feigned a. 有些動(dòng)物遇到危險(xiǎn)時(shí)便裝死。Some animals feign death when in danger.他大發(fā)雷霆，不知是真的還是假的。He was consuming with indignation, real or feigned.3) unsparingspare v. sparing a. unsparing a. unsparingly ad.他們把男人都?xì)⒘?，但放過(guò)了孩子。They killed the men but spared the children. 尼任斯基對(duì)演技精益求精一絲不茍。Nijinsky was unsparing in hi

12、s demands for perfection.他強(qiáng)迫自己拼命干。He drove himself unsparingly. 4) cynicalcynicism n. cynic n. cynical a.他的話帶著強(qiáng)烈的諷刺。His remark has a fine edge of cynicism.羅伯特是一個(gè)地道的懷疑主義者，他不會(huì)不假思索就相信任何事或任何人。Roberts is a real cynic; he won't accept anything or anyone at face value.他們逐漸感到所謂民主制度也不過(guò)爾爾。Theyve grown rat

13、her cynical about democracy.5) confoundedlyconfound v. confounded a. confoundedly ad.他的所作所為讓她感到既驚愕又困惑。His behaviour amazed and confounded her.你真討厭死了！Youre a confounded nuisance! 天氣太熱了。Its confoundedly hot.6) lubricatedlubricate v. lubricant n.我需要潤(rùn)潤(rùn)嗓子。My throat needs lubricating.我們使用哪種潤(rùn)滑劑，主要取決于軸承的轉(zhuǎn)速如

14、何。The sort of lubricant which we use depends largely on the running speed of the bearing.7) entangledtangle v. tangle n. entangle v.她的頭發(fā)讓帶刺的鐵網(wǎng)纏住了。Her hair got all tangled up in the barbed wire fence.他的財(cái)務(wù)狀況是一筆糊涂帳。 His financial affairs are in such a tangle.她的長(zhǎng)發(fā)讓玫瑰叢給鉤住了。Her long hair entangled itself

15、in the rose bush.8) Willfulwill n. willful a.我被迫違心地在協(xié)議上簽了字。I was forced to sign the agreement against my will. 只要人有恒，萬(wàn)事皆可成。A willful man must have his way. IV. (Phrase Practice)1) The governor is trying hard to _ the scandal. cover up cover up: put sth. over sth. else so that it cannot be seen; prev

16、ent people from discovering mistakes or unpleasant factse.g. 他忘了把機(jī)器蓋起來(lái)。He had forgotten to have the machine covered up. 你怎么能掩蓋自己的錯(cuò)誤呢？How can you cover up your mistake? 2) Samantha was amazed when late one evening, Adam _ that he loved her. blurted outblurt out: say sth. suddenly and tactlesslye.g. 我

17、還沒(méi)來(lái)得及阻止，他已沖口說(shuō)出了這個(gè)壞消息。 He blurted out the bad news before I could stop him.3) He claimed that he had been _ after drugs were discovered in his suitcase. set upset up: make sb. feel healthy and full of energy e.g. 你喝杯熱飲料馬上就精神了。A hot drink will soon set you up.4) Did you ever _ why the man deserte

18、d his wife and four children? find outfind out: get information, after trying to discover it by effort or by chancee.g. 弄清楚合同的條件是什么。Find out what the conditions of the contract are.5) Wind and water slowly _ the mountains jagged edges. wear downwear down: reduce or become weaker until uselesse.g. 這一

19、策略旨在逐步削弱敵人的抵抗力。The strategy was designed to wear down the enemy's resistance.6) They are going to a restaurant which _ Mexican food. specializes inspecialize in: give particular attention to (a subject, product, etc.)e.g. 其實(shí)我們專營(yíng)此項(xiàng)產(chǎn)品已有多年歷史。In fact, we specialize in this in with a long history.7)

20、A modest scholar never _ have exhausted his subject. professes toprofess to: claim (sth.), often falselye.g. 我并不自詡是這一問(wèn)題的專家。I don't profess to be an expert in this subject.8) The press _ them _ their breakthroughs in the research into the causes of cancer. complimented oncompliment on : express o

21、f praise, admiration, approval, etc.e.g. 我們大家都夸他勇敢。We all complimented him on his courage.V.Synonym / Antonym1. But there is evidence that this attitude towards casual use of prevarication is common.l Synonyms: evasion, equivocation 2. Ninety-two per cent of the teenagers admitted having lied to the

22、ir parents in the previous year, and seventy-three percent characterized themselves as “serial liars,” meaning they told lies weekly.l Synonyms: chronic, repeated 3. Little white lies have become ubiquitous, and the reasons we give each other for telling fibs are familiar.l Synonyms: common, prevale

23、nt, omnipresent 4. Tom dislikes her “special” pumpkin pie intensely.l Antonym: slightly 5. How often do we compliment people on how well they look, or express our appreciation for gifts, when we don't really mean it?l Antonyms: insult, reproach, criticize 6. “Psychological barriers wear down; th

24、e ability to make more distinctions can coarsen; the liar's perception of his chances of being caught may warp.”l Synonym: distort 7. Still, the endless proliferation of these little prevarications does matter.l Synonyms: growth, multiplication 8. Or will he feel his long-term trust in you has b

25、een undermined?l Antonyms: strengthened, consolidated VI. 1. called offà cancelled 2. get overà overcome 3. abide byà follow4. was reduced toà fell into 5. dress it upà make it more acceptable6. brood overà feel unhappy about 7. ruled outà removed from consideratio

26、n8. setbyà reserve for future usePp. 85-87語(yǔ)法練習(xí)答案：I. 1. probability 2. possibility 3. intention 4. possibility5. necessity 6. possibility 7. obligation 8. probabilityII. 1-5 CCBAD 6-10 BDBAAIII. 1. He cant have told us everything 2. Something must have gone wrong.3. She cant be only thirty years

27、 old. 4. They may not know yet.5. The road could/may have been closed. 6. The police must know that.7. There may/could have been a traffic jam. (We dont use “can + have done” in a positive statement)8. The letter could/may arrive today.9. That will/must be my mother. 10. There should be time to do s

28、ome shopping.IV. 1. When in doubt, tell the truth. It will confound your enemies and astound your friends.1. When heated, metal expands.2. If true, it will cause us a lot of trouble.3. Whenever possible, they should be typed.4. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.5. Send the goods now, if ready.6. If

29、necessary, ring me at home.7. He glanced about as if in search of something.V. 1. discussing; having reached 2. paying 3. Lying; sitting4. to pacify; to be pacified; grumbling 5. repeat; to make; to do6. going; stay 7. to see; to avoid; hitting 8. to arrive; rising9. doing 10. to make; to seeVI. 1.

30、according to “根據(jù)；按照”e.g. Youre all put into different groups according to your ability.According to my dictionary, there are several meanings for that word.2. whetheror not “是否”e.g. Whether you like or not, its going to happen.They will leave whether you agree or not.Translation (P. 88)I. 1. 十分驚人的是，

31、這些無(wú)數(shù)次說(shuō)謊的人稱，說(shuō)謊并沒(méi)有使他們十分糾結(jié)或后悔。2. 盡管承認(rèn)說(shuō)謊，91%的反饋者稱“對(duì)自己的道德和性格還是感到滿意”。3. 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，這些“好心的謊話”是無(wú)害的、善意的，也是一種社交必需的潤(rùn)滑劑。4. 如果你沒(méi)有把握，馬克·吐溫給了我們一條經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則：拿不準(zhǔn)的時(shí)候，就說(shuō)實(shí)話，實(shí)話會(huì)迷惑敵人，震驚朋友。II.1當(dāng)哈姆雷特拿不定主意該采取什么行動(dòng)時(shí)，他就裝瘋。(feign)Explanation: If someone feigns a particular feeling, attitude, or physical condition, they try to make oth

32、er people think that they have it or are experiencing it, although this is not true. Translation: Hamlet feigned madness when he was hesitating what to do.Practice:裝病 裝瘋 佯作無(wú)知feign illness, madness, ignorance2. 搪塞推諉是這生意人的慣用伎倆。（prevarication）Translation: Prevarication is one of the techniques this bus

33、inessman likes to employ.3. 真理之光有時(shí)刺目，于是善意的謊話隨處可見(jiàn)。 (ubiquitous)Explanation: If you describe something or someone as ubiquitous, you mean that they seem to be everywhere.Translation: Sometimes the light of the truth is just too dazzling, so white lies are ubiquitous.Practice:餐廳里吸煙的煙霧就沒(méi)有地方躲得過(guò)去嗎?Is ther

34、e no escape from the ubiquitous cigarette smoke in restaurants?他可以看到那些無(wú)處不在的電視攝像機(jī)。He could see the ubiquitous TV cameras.4. 美國(guó)許多婦女聲稱她們對(duì)自己二等公民的地位感到不滿。 (profess)Explanation: If you profess to do or have something, you claim that you do it or have it, often when you do not. (FORMAL)Translation: Many wom

35、en in America profess that they are unhappy with their status of second-class citizens.Practice:她自稱對(duì)那事一無(wú)所知。She professed total ignorance of the matter. 他聲稱對(duì)該陰謀毫不知情。He professed that he knew nothing about the plot. 5. 一時(shí)沖動(dòng)之下，他失言抖出了秘密。 （blurt out）Translation: On the impulse of the moment, he blurted o

36、ut the secret.6你應(yīng)該擺脫偏見(jiàn)，抵制誘惑，不讓任何東西扭曲你的判斷。(warp)Explanation: Warp means causing sb./sth. to become biased, distorted or perverted.Translation: You should get rid of any prejudice, resist temptations and let nothing warp your judgment.Practice:他受私心影響判斷不確。His judgment was warped by self-interest.歷史常為偏見(jiàn)

37、所曲解。Histories are often warped by bias.7他是一個(gè)過(guò)于敏感和富于想象力的人，經(jīng)常在頭腦里編織一張復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。 （a tangled web）Translation: Being over-sensitive and imaginative, he often weaves a tangled web in his mind.8他在伙伴中很受歡迎，因?yàn)樗偸窃O(shè)法不去麻煩別人。(spare)Explanation: If you spare someone an unpleasant experience, you prevent them from suff

38、ering it.Translation: He is very popular among his peers as he always tries to spare others any trouble.Practice:他沒(méi)當(dāng)她的面說(shuō)她丈夫的不是，以免使她難堪。 He spared her embarrassment by not criticizing her husband in front of her.III. 美國(guó)有調(diào)查表明，大多數(shù)人處于不同的原因，在不同程度上說(shuō)過(guò)謊。有時(shí)，他們說(shuō)謊是為了讓別人高興。比如：裝出積極的態(tài)度來(lái)肯定朋友或配偶，實(shí)際上他/她內(nèi)心卻沒(méi)有如此認(rèn)可。有時(shí)，他

39、們說(shuō)謊是為了提升自己。這種情況現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越普遍了。有時(shí)，是為了避免傷害別人，當(dāng)未加粉飾的實(shí)情難以接受的時(shí)候更是如此。有人則把說(shuō)謊看作一種必要的社交潤(rùn)滑劑。不管怎么說(shuō)，說(shuō)謊都是為了掩飾實(shí)情。關(guān)于說(shuō)謊，不同的人有不同的觀點(diǎn)。有些人認(rèn)為，假話，即便是看上去無(wú)害的假話，也可能帶來(lái)預(yù)料不到的后果。一個(gè)人說(shuō)了第一個(gè)謊話之后，他就需要說(shuō)更多的謊話來(lái)掩飾最初的謊話，最后會(huì)變成沉重的精神負(fù)擔(dān)。一位哲學(xué)家警告說(shuō)，如果一個(gè)人說(shuō)謊，他就（等于）把自己置于一個(gè)溜滑的斜坡上，因?yàn)樗男睦碚系K減輕了。 但是，另外一些則認(rèn)為，我們不必不惜一切代價(jià)去避免所有善意的謊言，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)善意的謊言可能僅僅是用犧牲信任而去換取關(guān)心和愛(ài)護(hù)而已

40、。對(duì)此你持什么觀點(diǎn)呢？Exercises for Integrated Skills 1. Dictation Childhood is less clear to me than to many people: / when it ended I turned my face away from it / for no reason that I know about, / certainly without the usual reason of unhappy memories. / For many years that worried me, / but then I discove

41、red/ that the tales of former children are seldom to be trusted. / Some people supply too many past victories or pleasures / with which to comfort themselves, / and other people cling to pains, real and imagined, / to excuse what they have become. / I think I have always known about my memory. / I k

42、now when it is to be trusted/ and when some dream or fantasy entered on the life, / and the dream, the need of dream, / led to distortion of what happened. 2. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word you think appropriate. （點(diǎn)擊填答案的橫線以后出現(xiàn)正確答案）Honesty is not praised much these days. We pay

43、 it some lip (1) _, of course, and we tell our children to be honest in their dealings and with their feelings. But many of us would (2) _ have our children be shrewd than honest. We want them to learn how to be suspicious, how to protect themselves, and how to ward (3) _ fast-talking people and nic

44、ely packaged, well-advertised distortions of reality. “Chumps,” as I once heard the term defined, (4) _ “people who go out of their way to be taken (5) _ of” and we dont want ourselves or our children to be chumps. Therefore we hesitate to praise honesty too (6) _, or to encourage it at the expense

45、of common sense, or expediency or the pressures of practicality and the “real world.” Even experts in interpersonal (7) _ tell us that too much honesty can destroy a relationship. Honesty now looks like a dubious virtue (8) _ not an actual vice. It is studied and examined as a stratagem rather than

46、(9) _ a hallmark of character.Despite our contemporary discomfort with too much honesty, the quality remains central to our (10) _ codes and counsels. Deceptions subvert the moral life, and destroy the foundations of our social arrangements. Whatever basis for humane communion is to be found in (11)

47、 _ principles of respect for persons or faith in God is eroded by our failures to treat each other as persons worthy of being told the (12) _.Keys:1. service 2. rather 3. off 4. are 5. advantage 6. much7. relations 8. if 9. as 10. moral 11. either 12. truthHints: (1) Its a set collocation with the w

48、ord lip.(2) Its a set phrase with the word would.(3) Its a set phrase with the word ward.(4) Here the subject and object are both in plural form, so the link verb should also be in plural form.(5) Its a set phrase.(6) An adverb is expected to modify the predicate.(7) In this prepositional phrase a n

49、oun is missing, and we can get this noun from the context. (In the same sentence.)(8) A conjunction is needed here.(9) A same structure is needed after than. (10) From the next sentence we can get this adjective which can be used to modify codes and counsels.(11) This is a set collocation which cont

50、ains the word or and implies a choice.(12) A noun is expected and from the whole text we can get the meaning of this noun.Writing Essay Writing: How to Write a Descriptive Essay Descriptive essays strive to create a deeply involved and vivid experience for the reader. Great descriptive essays achiev

51、e this effect not through facts and statistics but by using detailed observations and descriptions.A good descriptive essay has to:l give a vivid perception of the subject of description,l include all the smallest important possible details,l deliver the emotional background of the described subject

52、,l indicate the authors emotional response caused by the subject,l eliminate every single irrelevant detail,l gradually reveal different aspects of the subject in each paragraph.SampleThe door to my study is nearly always closed. It's the place I go to read and work in tranquility. Today, howeve

53、r, I'm inviting you in for a visit.As you open the door, notice the Guatemalan crucifix with its bright gold and maroon flowers; it joyfully reminds me to dedicate my work to God. Although the room is small, I hope you find it cozy. A big cheerful window lets in the morning sunshine, which satur

54、ates the room with its warmth and embraces us with light. Birds chirp outside, beckoning you to enter.An old-fashioned doctor's desk with brass drawer handles sits in front of the window, its wood full of nicks from many careless moves and tow once-teething puppies. May I introduce you to Ralph,

55、 my friendly computer, who sits on top of the desk? When I turn him on, he'll crackle "hello" and blink an inviting amber command on the screen. That's my dog Chico under the desk, snoring in harmony with Ralph and the birds. Against the left wall are my book cases, sagging with th

56、e wise weight of cheap paperbacks and a few expensive gold-spined volumes interspersed. A bronzed Indian chief in a watercolor squints knowingly at us from the wall. Won't you have a seat in the tattered old green armchair nestled in the other corner? I know you smell the freshly perked coffee.

57、I made it specially for your visit. Use my favorite cup there on the tray; it's the one with red and blued balloons around the rim. Stay as long as you wish, but when you're ready to leave, be sure to close the door behind you. I like the peaceful security of this, my own little world. Sample Analysisn This is a simple, but vivid and beautiful essay. The message is very clear. n It is notable that the description starts