語法通霸值得推薦的一本書

1、2015版第一章 非謂語3在英語中，一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)中只能有一個(gè)謂語，再出現(xiàn)動詞時(shí)，要變成非謂語形式。(參看P. 62Error! Reference source not found.)英語中非謂語動詞包括：動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞和動詞不定式。無論它們在句中作什么成分，他們都保持著自己本身的屬性特點(diǎn)。動名詞：具有名詞功能，常在句中作主語、賓語，作定語時(shí)表功能；現(xiàn)在分詞: 表主動和正在進(jìn)行, 常在句中作定語、狀語、賓補(bǔ)；過去分詞：被動和已完成，常在句中作定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語；動詞不定式：表將來具體某一次，常在句中作主語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語、賓語等。要學(xué)好非謂語，掌握它們的本身屬性很關(guān)鍵。第1講 動詞

2、-ed形式和-ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞一般都是在詞尾加-ed，一般過去時(shí)中謂語用動詞的過去式形式；被動語態(tài)和非謂語中用動詞的過去分詞形式。動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞一般都是在詞尾加-ing 考點(diǎn)1. 規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則A. 一般在詞尾直接加-ed，清輔音后讀t，濁輔音和原音后讀d，在t和d后讀Idwork worked worked wÎùkt play played played pleIdwash washed washed wStclean cleaned cleaned kliùndwatch watched watched wt

3、Stbrush brushed brushed brÃStplantplanted planted ÈplAùntId B. 以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的單詞，直接加-dlive lived lived ÈlIvdclose closed closed kl«Uzdlike liked liked laIktC. 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，變-y為-i加-edstudy studied studied ÈstÃdIdcarry carried carried ÈkQrIdworry worried worried Èw&

4、#195;rIdD. 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的，雙寫最后的輔音字母+edstop stopped stopped stptplan planned planned plQnd考點(diǎn)2. 不規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞have had haddo did doneget got got/gotten go went goneread read red read redsay said sed said sedbecome became becomeeat ate eIt ate Èiùt«nsee saw sù seen siùn feel felt fe

5、ltsweepsweptsweptdrink drank dranksit sat satteach taught taughtcatch caught caught不規(guī)則動詞的過去式過去分詞表參看附錄部分練習(xí)1. 寫出下列動詞的過去式和過去分詞sayplayflythrowplanstopfightbuyteachcatchsinghang(懸掛)hang(絞死)watchridewritetearwearstudycarrylaylie（平躺）eatfreezefoundfindshoot feedreadcoststickdighearhithurtleaddrawgrowspitbea

6、tmeandealdreamlearnshinespeakforgivebegin考點(diǎn)3. 現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞一般都是在詞尾加-ingA. 一般情況下直接加-ingthink thinkingsleep sleepingstudy studyingspeak speakingsay sayingcarry carryingB. 以不發(fā)音的字母-e結(jié)尾的單詞，去掉字母-e，再加-ingwake wakingmake makingcome comingtake takingleave leavinghave havingC. 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，呈現(xiàn)“輔+元+輔”結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞，

7、先雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ingstop stoppingsit sittingrun runningforget forgettingbegin beginning常見的需要雙寫末尾輔音字母的還有cut, get, hit, set, spit, swim, beg, drop, fit, nod, dig, regret, rid, 等。D. 以-ie結(jié)尾的動詞，把-ie改為-y ，再加-ing die dyinglie lyingtie tying練習(xí)2. 寫出下列動詞的-ing形式runswimbegindieliewritecomesaystudydrop考點(diǎn)4. 以-l結(jié)尾的動詞

8、的-ed形式和-ing形式A. control k«nÈtr«Ul重音在第二個(gè)音節(jié)，要雙寫-lcontrolcontrolledcontrolled (英美都雙寫)controlcontrolling (英美都雙寫)B. 在非重讀音節(jié)中，英國英語雙寫-l，美國英語不雙寫travel travelled travelled (英國英語雙寫-l)travel traveled traveled (美國英語不雙寫-l)travel travelling (英國英語雙寫-l)traveltraveling (美國英語不雙寫-l)屬于這類的還有：signal, equal,

9、 label, dial, quarrel等。C. 在重讀音節(jié)中，-l前不只一個(gè)元音時(shí)（構(gòu)不成“兩輔夾一元），在英美英語中都不雙寫-l。cool cooled cooled (英美都不雙寫)mail mailed mailed (英美都不雙寫)mail mailing (英美都不雙寫)cool cooling (英美都不雙寫)屬于這一類的還有：boil, fail, fool, sail, seal, spoil等?？键c(diǎn)5. 以重讀的-r音節(jié)結(jié)尾時(shí)，要雙寫-r再加-ed或-ing-r音節(jié)指的是-ar, -er, -ir, -or, 和-ur。refer referred referred 參看

10、prefer preferred preferred 比較喜歡star starred starred 主演stir stirred stirred 攪動refer referring參看prefer preferring 比較喜歡star starring主演stir stirring攪動考點(diǎn)6. 以-ic結(jié)尾，把-c變-ck加-ed或-ingpicnicpicnickedpicnicked野餐 panicpanickedpanicked 恐慌picnicpicnicking 野餐 panicpanicking恐慌練習(xí)3. 寫出下列動詞的-ed形式和-ing形式referpreferpani

11、cpicnicmailcontroltravelquarrel第2講 作主語考點(diǎn)1. 動詞不定式作主語與動名詞作主語的區(qū)別動詞原形是不能作主語的。動詞作主語時(shí)，如果側(cè)重于表示經(jīng)常性，在動詞后面加-ing構(gòu)成動名詞來主語；如果側(cè)重于表示將來特定的某一次，則用動詞不定式來作主語。 Playing basketball is my favorite sport.(“打籃球”指經(jīng)常性，因此用動名詞。)To go to a key college is his dream.(“上名牌大學(xué)”指特定的將來的某一次，用不定式。)有時(shí)為了對稱，主語、賓語（或表語）要么都用不定式，要么都用動名詞。Seeing i

12、s believing. To see is to believe.1. _ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk2. _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.A. ExposedB. Having exposed C. Being exposedD. After being exposed3. To answer correctly is more important than

13、_.A. that you finish quicklyB. finishing quickly C. to finish quicklyD. finish quickly4. _ now seems impossible.A. Saving moneyB. To save money C. Being saved moneyD. To be saved money5. 【2009四川】He told us whether _ a picnic was still under discussion.A. to haveB. havingC. haveD. had6. 【2013福建】_ bas

14、ic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.A. KnownB. Having known C. KnowingD. Being known考點(diǎn)2. what在問句中作主語時(shí)，常用動名詞短語來回答把特殊疑問句看作是對句子主語（常是動名詞）提問變化而來的。7. What do you think made Mary so upset?_ her new bicycle.A. As she lostB. LostC. LosingD. Because of losing寫作專練1. 正確選擇不定式或動名詞

15、作主語(P. 203 )第3講 作表語考點(diǎn)1. 動詞不定式作表語與動名詞作表語的區(qū)別表示將來某一次時(shí)常用動詞不定式作表語，表示經(jīng)常性時(shí)常用動名詞作表語。1. Her wish is _ an engineer.A. becomingB. become C. to becomeD. being come2. Some peoples greatest pleasure is _.A. fishingB. to fishC. to be fishingD. being fish考點(diǎn)2. 動詞不定式作表語時(shí)，to的省略問題動詞不定式作表語時(shí)，如果前面有實(shí)義動詞do的形式，作表語的不定式常省略to。T

16、he last thing I want to do is hurt you. But its still on the list. 我真不想傷害你，但你也別逼我。3. What Yang Liwei wanted to do when he got out of the spaceship was _ the joy with all the Chinese. A. share B. shared C. having shared D. about to share4. I think the best thing you should do is _ another job.A. look

17、ing forB. looked forC. look forD. about to look for考點(diǎn)3. 動名詞作表語與進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別動名詞作表語時(shí)是說明主語的職責(zé)和功能等，和主語是對等關(guān)系，沒有正在進(jìn)行之意，而現(xiàn)在分詞有正在進(jìn)行之意。如：My job is looking after the children.(looking 為動名詞)He is looking after the baby. (looking 為現(xiàn)在分詞)考點(diǎn)4. 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語時(shí)相當(dāng)于-ed形容詞和-ing形容詞-ing 形容詞，“令人的”；-ed形容詞，“令人感到的”，有被動意味。（參看P. 25）5.

18、 Tom sounds very much _ in the job, but Im not sure whether he can manage it. A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D. interestedly6. Climbing mountains was _, so we all felt _.A. tiring; tiredB. tired; tiring C. tiring; tiringD. tired; tired7. We must treasure every minute because _ time is

19、 _ forever.A. lost; losingB. lost; lost C. losing; losingD. losing; lost 8. Please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop.A. to seatB. to be seatedC. seatingD. seated考點(diǎn)5. be to blame應(yīng)為某事負(fù)責(zé)(參看P. 78考點(diǎn)1.D)The careless driver was to blame for the accident.那個(gè)粗心的司機(jī)應(yīng)為這場事故負(fù)責(zé)。寫作專練2. 非謂語作表語時(shí)應(yīng)注意(

20、P. 203 )第4講 作賓語24作賓語用動詞不定式還是動名詞主要是看謂語動詞的搭配。考點(diǎn)1. 有些動詞只能跟不定式作賓語這類及物動詞常見的有：agree (同意) , attempt (試圖) , afford 付得起，agree 同意，ask 要求，apply 申請，care (想要) , choose (決定、要) , decide (決定) , desire (希望) , determine (決心) , help 幫助，expect (期望) , fail (未能) , hope (希望) , intend (打算) , learn (學(xué)習(xí)) , manage (設(shè)法) , offe

21、r (愿意) , plan (計(jì)劃、打算) , pretend (假裝) , refuse (拒絕、謝絕) , wish (希望) , promise (答應(yīng))，want（想要）等等。1. We asked _ to work in the countryside.A. to be sentB. to send C. to be sendingD. sending2. 【2010江西】There were many talented actors out there just waiting _.A. to discoverB. to be discovered C. discoveredD.

22、 being discovered3. I expected _ your friend, but my car broke down on the way.A. Ill meetB. meeting C. to meetingD. to meet4. She told me that she had decided _ again.A. be not lateB. not be lateC. not to be lateD. to be not late5. Almost everyone fails _ on the first try.A. in passing his drivers

23、testB. to pass his drivers testC. to have passed his drivers testD. passing his drivers test6. The two weavers pretended _ very hard, though they did nothing at the looms.A. workB. workingC. to be workedD. to be working7. When he got off the train, it happened _.A. to rainB. to be rainingC. rainingD

24、. to raining8. I didnt _ it until you had explained how.A. manage to doB. managed to doC. manage to have doneD. manage doing9. The young driver offered _ the patient out of the car.A. to handB. handingC. handsD. would hand10. The white horse refused _ the stone wall.A. its jumpingB. to jumpC. jumpin

25、g upD. to jump at考點(diǎn)2. 有些動詞只能跟動名詞作賓語下列動詞習(xí)慣上可接動名詞作賓語，但不能接不定式作賓語： admit 承認(rèn)，advise 建議，allow 允許，appreciate 感激，avoid 避免，consider 考慮，delay 推遲，deny 否認(rèn)，discuss 討論，dislike 不喜歡，enjoy 喜愛，escape 逃脫，excuse 原諒，fancy 設(shè)想，finish 完成，forbid 禁止，forgive 原諒，give up 放棄，imagine 想像，keep 保持，mention 提及，mind 介意，miss 沒趕上， permit

26、 允許，practice 練習(xí)，prevent 阻止，prohibit 禁止，put off 推遲，risk 冒險(xiǎn)，stop 停止，suggest 建議，feel like想做某事。11. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A. you to callB. you callC. your callingD. youre calling12. 【2013上海】Young people may risk _ deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.A. to goB. to have

27、 goneC. goingD. having gone13. You can keep the book until you _.A. have finished readingB. finish to read C. will finish readingD. have finished to read14. Ali said that she wouldnt mind _ alone at home.A. leftB. being leftC. to be leftD. leaving15. If you keep _ English, you can learn English well

28、.A. practicing speakB. practicing speaking C. practicing to speakD. to practise spoken16. We are considering _ a new plan.A. makingB. being madeC. to makeD. to have made17. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _.A. catchingB. to be caughtC. being caughtD. to catch18. Can you imagine yourself _

29、 on a desert island?A. stayingB. stayC. have stayedD. being stayed19. We can understand why he avoids _ to us.A. to speakB. speechC. having spokenD. speaking20. Please excuse my _ in without _.A. come; askingB. coming; asking C. to come; being askedD. coming; being asked21. Why have they delayed _ t

30、he new school?A. openingB. to openC. having openedD. to have opened22. She _ the key.A. admitted takingB. admitted take C. admitted having takenD. admitted to have taken23. 【2008上海春】As a new driver, I have to practice _ the car in my small garage again and again.A. parkingB. to parkC. parkedD. park2

31、4. 【2009上?！緽ill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.A. having heldB. to holdC. holdingD. hold25. 【2014陜西】Its quite hot today. Do you feel like _ for a swim?A. to goB. goingC. go D. having gone 考點(diǎn)3. 有些動詞既可跟不定式也可跟動名詞作賓語，意思上差別不大這類動詞有start, begin, continue, pref

32、er, bother等。He began to work/ working as soon as he got there.但是，如果它們用于進(jìn)行時(shí)或后面跟know, understand作賓語時(shí)，賓語要用不定式。如：The students are starting to work on the difficult maths problem.I soon began to understand what was happening.He prefers watching rugby to playing it. Id prefer not to discuss this issue. Yo

33、ud have found it if youd bothered looking/ to look. 如果你當(dāng)初看一下的話，你早就發(fā)現(xiàn)了?？键c(diǎn)4. 有些動詞既可跟不定式也可跟動名詞作賓語，但意思上有差別forget/remember doing/ having done跟動名詞作賓語，“記得還是忘了以前曾經(jīng)做的事”forget/ remember to do忘/ 記著要做某事regret doing sth. 對做過的某事表示后悔regret to say很抱歉地說mean to do打算做某事；mean doing意味著 try to do盡力做某事；try doing嘗試著做某事 wan

34、t / need/ require doing sth. 表示被動= want/need/require to be donelike/ hate doing喜歡或討厭某種行為would like/ hate to do特定的某一次be/get used to doing 習(xí)慣于做某事used to do 過去經(jīng)常做某事 be used to do被用來做cant help doing=cant help but do 忍不住做某事cant help ( to) do 不能幫助做某事stop doing 停止正在做著的某事 stop to do停下來做別的事情(to do是目的狀語)go on

35、 doing 繼續(xù)做原來做的事go on to do 接著干別的事情need doing = need to be done (參看：P.154Error! Reference source not found.)26. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.A. to be takenB. to takeC. being takenD. taking27. Did you close the door? Yes, I remember _ it. A. to closeB. to closingC. closingD. cl

36、osed28. 【2012安徽】I remembered _ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.A. lockingB. to lock C. having lockedD. to have locked29. Im sorry I forgot _ your dictionary. Lets borrow one from Li Ming.A. to takeB. takingC. to bringD. bringing30. Henry always forgets things he

37、has done. Yesterday he forgot _ and looked for it everywhere.A. to post the letterB. to have the letter postedC. to have posted the letterD. having posted the letter31. My brother regretted _ a lecture given by Professor Liu.A. missingB. to missC. missedD. being missed32. I regret _ you that we are

38、unable to offer you a job.A. informingB. having informedC. to informD. to informing33. I felt tired with walking, so I stopped _ a break for an hour.A. havingB. to haveC. takingD. to taking34. The teacher told the students to stop _ to him.A. to write and listenB. writing and listeningC. to write an

39、d listeningD. writing and to listen35. I usually go there by train.Why not _ by boat for a change?A. to try goingB. trying to go C. to try and goD. try going36. 【2008湖南】Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _ alone, but she didnt like it and moved back home.A. livingB. to live C.

40、to be livingD. having lived37. You didnt hear us come in last night. Thats good. We tried _ noisy.A. to be notB. not to beC. not beingD. being not38. The grass has grown so tall that it needs _.A. to cutB. to be cut itC. cuttingD. being cut39. There are lots of places of interest _ in our city.A. ne

41、eds repairingB. needing repaired C. needed repairingD. needing to be repaired40. These young trees require _ carefully.A. looking afterB. to look after C. to be looked atD. looking for41. The sentence wants _ once more.A. to explainB. explainingC. being explainedD. to be explained it42. He hasnt got

42、 used _ in the countryside yet.A. liveB. to liveC. to livingD. living43. A very well-known person _ in this house.A. is used to liveB. used to live C. is used to livingD. used to living44. Missing the train means _ for an hour.A. to wait B. to be waitedC. being waitedD. waiting45. I meant _ you, but

43、 I was so busy.A. to call onB. calling onC. to call atD. calling at46. I know its not important, but I cant help _ about it.A. to thinkB. and thinkC. thinkingD. being thought47. Im busy _ for the entrance examination, so I cant help _ housework.A. preparing; doingB. preparing; to do C. to prepare; d

44、oingD. to prepare; to do考點(diǎn)5. except, but后跟不定式時(shí)，如果前面有實(shí)意動詞do的形式，不用to, 否則要帶to48. There is nothing to do except _ till it stops raining.A. to waitB. waitingC. waitD. waits49. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but _ the flowing of the smog around me.A. enjoyB. enjoyingC. enjoyedD.

45、to enjoy考點(diǎn)6. remain to be done50. It remains _ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.A. seenB. to be seenC. seeingD. to see51. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A. to seeB. to be seenC. seeingD. seen考點(diǎn)7. 介詞后跟動名詞作賓語52

46、. 【2012北京】One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.A. correctsB. correctC. to correctD. correcting 53. 【2012福建】China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from _ in the South China Sea.A. attackingB. having attacked C. being attac

47、kedD. having been attacked54. 【2013江蘇】Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and _ to ruins, the city took on a new look.A. reducing B. reducedC. being reduced D. having reduced55. 【2014江西】When it comes to _ in public , no one can match him.A. speakB. speakingC. being spokenD. be spoken 考

48、點(diǎn)8. 含有用作介詞to的?？级陶Z1. be addicted to 沉溺于；對上癮He is addicted to gambling.他沉溺于賭博。2. devote oneself to doing sth./be devoted to 獻(xiàn)身于做某事/專心致力于做某事She devoted herself to helping the poor. 她致力于幫助窮人。Charlie devotes his time to reading. 查理的時(shí)間都用于讀書。Her life was devoted to caring for the sick and needy. 她一生都致力于關(guān)心照

49、顧貧病交迫的人。3. be equal to doing sth. 等于做某事，能勝任做某事This is equal to saying that he knows her well. 這就等于說他很熟悉她。 She didnt feel equal to receiving visitors. 她感到身體不適,不能會客。4. object to doing sth. 反對做某事;have an objection to doing sth. 反對(反感)做某事He objected to being treated like a child. 他反對被當(dāng)作小孩子看待。He has a st

50、rong objection to getting up so early.他很反感這么早就起床。 5. be opposed to doing sth. 反對做某事She seems very much opposed to your going abroad. 她好像很反對你出國。Im opposed to telling him the news at once. 我反對馬上告訴他這個(gè)消息。 6. reduce sb. to doing sth. 使某人淪為Hunger reduced them to stealing. 饑餓使他們淪落為盜賊。He was reduced to begg

51、ing for food. 最后他淪為乞丐。7. pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事We should pay more attention to uniting and working with the comrades who differ with us. 我們應(yīng)該更注意團(tuán)結(jié)那些與自己意見不同的同志。8. be used to doing sth./be accustomed to doing 習(xí)慣于做某事John has got used to sleeping late. 約翰已習(xí)慣很晚睡覺了。I am not accustomed to being

52、treated like this.我不習(xí)慣被這樣對待。9. get down to doing sth.開始做某事，認(rèn)真處理某事After lunch we got down to discussing the issue of pay. 午餐之后,我們開始認(rèn)真討論報(bào)酬的問題。10. look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事I look forward to hearing from you. 盼早日收到你的來信。11. come /be near/close to doing sth.幾乎做某事,差點(diǎn)就做某事 I was near to screaming. 我險(xiǎn)些

53、喊叫起來。We had an outstanding season and came so close to winning the title again. 我們這個(gè)賽季不錯(cuò)，差點(diǎn)又贏得了那個(gè)頭銜。12. in addition to doing sth. 除做某事之外 In addition to giving me some advice, he gave me some money. 他不僅給我提了些忠告,而且還給了我一些錢。13. key to doing sth. 做某事的關(guān)鍵 Yet transportation is the key to getting this food to the children and their families.交通是把這事物送給那些孩子和他們家人的關(guān)鍵。14. make contributions to對做貢獻(xiàn)Everyone should make a contribution to protecting the environm