直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)講義

1、直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)：引述別人的話(huà)有兩種方式：一是使用引號(hào)引出人家的原話(huà)，這叫做直接引語(yǔ)；一是用自己的話(huà)把人家的話(huà)轉(zhuǎn)述出來(lái)，這叫做間接引語(yǔ)。例如： John said, "Im going to London with my father." 約翰說(shuō)："我要和父親到倫敦去。"（引號(hào)內(nèi)是直接引語(yǔ)） John said that he was going to London with his father. 約翰說(shuō)，他要和他父親去倫敦。（賓語(yǔ)從句是間接引語(yǔ)）在直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)：一、如何變?nèi)朔Q(chēng)： 下面有一句順口溜“一隨主。二隨賓，第三人稱(chēng)不更新”?！耙浑S主”

2、是指在直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果從句中的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)或被第一人稱(chēng)所修飾。從句中的人稱(chēng)要按照主句中主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)變化如： She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "She said her brother wanted to go with her. “二隨賓”是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，若從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第二人稱(chēng)?；虮坏诙四闼揎?。從句中的人稱(chēng)要跟引號(hào)外的主句的賓語(yǔ)一致。如果引號(hào)外的主句沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)。也可以用第一人稱(chēng)，如： He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"He

3、 asked Kate how her sister was then。 “第三人稱(chēng)不更新”是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)。如果從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)或被第三人稱(chēng)所修飾從句中的人稱(chēng)一般不需要變化如： Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。 二、如何變時(shí)態(tài)： 直接引語(yǔ)在改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)、時(shí)態(tài)需要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。 即：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)；一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)；一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)；過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)不變?nèi)纾?

4、1)She said. "I have lost a pen."She said she had lost a pen 2)She said. "We hope so."She said they hoped so. 3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。"She said he would go to see his friend。 但要注意在以下幾種情況下，在直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)一般不變化。主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為各種現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變 。如：He says, "I

5、cleaned the floor.” He says he cleaned the floor直接引語(yǔ)是客觀(guān)真理。 "The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.” the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 直接引語(yǔ)中有具體的過(guò)去某年、某月、某日作狀語(yǔ)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如： Xiao Wang said. &q

6、uot;I was born on April 2l, 1980。" Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。 直接引語(yǔ)如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，變間接引語(yǔ)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如： He said, "I get up at six every morning。" He said he gets up at six every morning。 如果直接引語(yǔ)中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有過(guò)去時(shí)的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已經(jīng)是過(guò)去時(shí)的形式時(shí)，（例：could, sho

7、uld, would, might）不再變。如： Peter said. "You had better come here today。" Peter said I had better go there that day。 直接引語(yǔ)中含有since, when, while 引導(dǎo)的表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句，在變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，只改變主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，從句的一般過(guò)去時(shí)則不變。 Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?" Jack asked John where

8、 he was going when he met him in the stree. He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ." He told me that he had taught English since he came here.三、如何變指示代詞，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等： 直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)變化有其內(nèi)在規(guī)津，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)由“現(xiàn)在”改為“原來(lái)”（例：now變?yōu)閠hen, yesterday變?yōu)?the day before）地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代詞修飾的狀語(yǔ)，由“此”

9、改為“彼”（例：this 改為that),如： He said, "These books are mine." He said those books were his.請(qǐng)記住以下變化：(注意：如果時(shí)間在當(dāng)時(shí)，則有些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不變。如：now、today、yesterday等；如果地點(diǎn)在當(dāng)?shù)?，則有些地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞不變，如：here、come、 bring等)（1）指示代詞：these those this that（2） 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： nowthen todaythatday tonightthat night yesterdaythe day before two year

10、s ago two years before next weekthe next week tomorrowthe next(following)day the day after tomorrowtwo days later the day before yesterdaytwo days before last nightthe night before last Friday(week,month,etc.) the Friday(week,month,etc)before （3）地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)herethere （4）動(dòng)詞comego bringtake 四、如何變句型： 直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述

11、句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. 直接引語(yǔ)如果是反意疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句或一般疑問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" He asked John if he could swim. "You have finished the homework,

12、havent you?" my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. "Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" He asked me where I went to school by bus or by bike. 直接引語(yǔ)如果是特殊問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)該改為由疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句（賓語(yǔ)從句必須用陳述句語(yǔ)序）。 She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?

13、" She asked me when they had their dinner. 直接引語(yǔ)如果是祈使句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。如： "Dont make any noise," she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. 直接引語(yǔ)如果是以“Lets”開(kāi)頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用“suggest +動(dòng)句詞（或從句）。”如： He said, "Lets go to the film." He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they s