句子成分、簡單句、帶答案

1、語法復習： 一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語（subject）和謂語（predicate）；次要成分有表語（predicative）、賓語（object）、定語（attribute）、狀語(adverbial)、補足語（complement）和同位語（appositive）；句子的成分由實詞擔任。實詞有名詞n,代詞pron,形容詞adj,副詞adv, 數(shù)詞num,動詞v,;虛詞有冠詞art, 介詞prep, 連詞conj, 助動詞helping v.等，虛詞在句中只起輔助和聯(lián)系作用，不能單獨做句子成分。（二）主語：主

2、語是一個句子所敘述的主體，表示所談的是“誰”或“什么”，一般位于句首，即在謂語之前?？沙洚斨髡Z的有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名詞）We often speak English in class.（代詞）Ten is a very important number. (數(shù)詞）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式to do）Smoking does harm

3、 to the health.（動名詞doing） His being late made her very angry.(帶有邏輯主語的動名詞doing)The rich should help the poor.（名詞化的形容詞）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主語從句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式to do） Its not your fault that this has happened

4、. （it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的that從句）但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞后面。（三）謂語：謂語說明主語“做什么”“是什么”“怎么樣”，或說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。謂語通常由動詞充當，一般放在主語之后。謂語的構(gòu)成如下： 動詞分為實義動詞，連系動詞，情態(tài)動詞，助動詞四類其中，1.實義動詞包括及物動詞vt.(后要帶賓語) 和不及物動詞vi. 2.連系動詞包括：系動詞be；感官動詞look/ sound/smell/feel/taste；表示“保持，持續(xù)”keep, remain, stay, continue，表示變化：go, ge

5、t, grow, become, fall, turn；表示“好像”：seem, appear. 3.情態(tài)動詞不能單獨做謂語，常和其他動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。情態(tài)動詞有can/could, may/might, must, have to, shall/should, will/would, ought to, dare, need, used to. 如：I must go. We must work very hard at English. He will drive to Beijing tomorrow.4.助動詞不能單獨做謂語，常和其他動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。 如：I dont like

6、reading. Do you like reading.? He doesnt like music. Does he get up early?We didnt see him. Did you go there？ She is writing a letter now. Is he singing? They are dancing now. Are you waiting for me? I havent finished it yet. Have you seen the film? She had gone there before you left. Had he sent yo

7、u the email before you told me?綜上句子，助動詞do/does/did 幫助構(gòu)成否定式和疑問句； 助動詞is/am/are/was/were 幫助構(gòu)成進行時態(tài)和疑問句; 助動詞have/has/had 幫助構(gòu)成完成時態(tài)和疑問句另：謂語有時態(tài)，語態(tài)，語氣，人稱的變化。 時態(tài) 主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài)1.一般現(xiàn)在時：(1) be (am/is/are)；(2) 動詞原形/動詞的三單形式+s/es， am/is/arep.p2.一般過去時: (1) be (was/were,) (2) 動詞的過去式-ed) was/werep.p.3.現(xiàn)在進行時:(amisare +動詞的現(xiàn)

8、在分詞doing) am/is/are +being +p.p.4.過去進行時: waswere +動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞doing) was/were +beingp.p.5.一般將來時:(1) amisare going to +動詞原形) is/am/are going to be +p.p.(2) will shall +動詞原形) will/shall bep.p.6.過去將來時: (1) waswere going to +動詞原形） was/were going to be+p.p(2) wouldshould+動詞原形) would bep.p7.現(xiàn)在完成時: (hashave +動詞

9、的過去分詞p.p) have/has beenp.p.8.過去完成時: ( had +動詞的過去分詞p.p) had beenp.p.9.含情態(tài)動詞的句子:(canmaymust+動詞原形） 情態(tài)動詞+be +p.p（四）表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動詞（如be, become, go，get, grow, fall, turn, seem, appear, keep, remain, look/ sound/smell/feel/sound,等）之后。例如：Our teacher of English is an American.（名詞）Is it yours?（

10、代詞）The weather has turned cold.（形容詞）The speech is exciting.（分詞）Three times seven is twenty one?（數(shù)詞）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby is playing football.（動名詞）The machine must be out of order.（介詞短語）Time is up. The class is over.（副詞）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表語從句）（五）賓語：賓語表示動

11、作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞vt.和介詞后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition（展覽）yesterday.（名詞）The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.（代詞）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（數(shù)詞）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名詞化形容詞）He pretended not to see me.（不定式短語）I enjoy listening

12、 to popular music.（動名詞短語）I think（that）he is fit for his office. （賓語從句）賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. Lend your dictionary to me, please.（2）復合賓語（賓語+賓補），例如：They elected him their monitor.（六）賓語補足語：英語中有些及物動詞vt，除有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補語，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞（如make+賓語+賓補）。

13、賓補可由以下詞來充當。例如：His father named him Dongming.（名詞）They painted their boat white.（形容詞）Let the fresh air in.（副詞）You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短語）We saw her entering the room.（現(xiàn)在分詞）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介詞短語）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（從句）

14、（七）定語：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示： 單個詞做定語放在被修飾詞前面（前置定語）；短語做定語放在被修飾詞后面（后置定語）；Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞）We have four lessons in the morning. (數(shù)詞)There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名詞） We should follow the teachers advice.?(名詞所有格) His progress in English made us surprised.（代詞） The

15、 teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（動名詞）Dont wake up the sleeping baby. (現(xiàn)在分詞) China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞） The man to give us the speech is a professor. (動詞不定式)The man upstairs came back late. Who is the man over there? (副詞)He is reading an

16、 article about how to learn English.（介詞短語）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短語）He is reading an novel which is written by Hanhan. (定語從句)但：形容詞修飾不定代詞something，nothing等時放在這些詞之后。 I have something important to do. （八）狀語：修飾動詞v,形容詞adj,副詞adv,或整個句子,說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語?？沙洚敔钫Z的有： He spe

17、aks English badly but reads it well. (副詞) Naturally he won the game. (副詞)Light travels most quickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介詞短語）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短語） At the top we stopped to look at the view. （不定式短語-目的狀語） Walking in t

18、he street, I met my old friend. (分詞-時間狀語)He is in the room making a model plane.（分詞短語伴隨狀語）Wait a minute.（名詞）Once you begin, you must continue.（狀語從句）狀語按用途可分為以下10類：How about meeting again at six?（時間狀語）Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因狀語）I shall go there if it doesnt ra

19、in.（條件狀語）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地點狀語）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式狀語）She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴隨狀語）In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的狀語）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（結(jié)果狀語）She works very hard though she

20、is old.（讓步狀語）I am taller than he is.（比較狀語）句子成分練習題( 一 ) (一). 指出下列句中主語的中心詞（4分，） The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very

21、 difficult.(二) 選出句中謂語的中心詞（10分，） I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library

22、this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this.A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We

23、had better send for a doctor.A. We B. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in music.A. is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to?A. give B.did C. whom D. book(三) 挑出下列句中的賓語（10分，） My brother hasn't done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good a

24、ttention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. They made him monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. You

25、will find it useful after you leave school. They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is. (四) 挑出下列句中的表語（5分，） The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn a

26、bout it. (五) 挑出下列句中的定語（6分，） They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe! (六) 挑出下列句中的賓語補足語（6分，） She lik

27、es the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? (七) 挑出下列句中的狀語（8分，） There wa

28、s a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if you've

29、lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine. (八) 劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語（5分，） Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen.Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?練習一一、指出下列

30、句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. Th

31、ere is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest; you

32、r pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.二、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的主語（）、謂語（）、賓語（）：I hope you are very well. I'm fine,

33、 but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the so

34、uth of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the

35、 summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.三、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的定語（）、狀語（）、補語（）：Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy.

36、 We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time

37、 areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents. 四、選擇填空：( )1. _ will leave for Beijing.A. Now there the man B. The man here nowC. The man

38、 who is here now D. The man is here now( ) 2. The weather _.A. wet and cold B. is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold( ) 3. The apple tasted _.A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet( ) 4. He got up _ yesterday morning.A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter( )5. The actor _at the age

39、of 70.A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded( )6. _ were all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we( )7. He found the street much _.A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly( ) 8.I think _necessary to learn English well.A. its B. it C. that D. that

40、 is( ) 9. The dog _ mad.A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked( )10.I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.A. that B. when C. in which D. where二、簡單句、并列句和復合句（一）句子種類兩種分類法1、按句子的用途可分四種：1）述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didnt hear of you before.2）疑問句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）：Do they like

41、skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, cant she? 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Dont talk in class4）感嘆句：How clever the boy is!2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：1）簡單句：只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）。e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often dr

42、aws pictures for the wall newspapers.2) 并列句：由并列連詞（and, but, or等）或分號（；）把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起構(gòu)成。e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）復合句：含有一個或一個以上從句的句子。復合句包含：名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句）、定語從句（形容詞性從句）和狀語從句（副詞性從句）。e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot

43、of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.（二）簡單句的五種基本句型（稍后詳細分解）1、 V（主謂）主語+不及物動詞：e.g. We work.2、 V P（主系表）主語+系動詞+表語：e.g. He is a student.3、 V O（主謂賓）主語+及物動詞+賓語：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.4、 V o O（主謂間賓直賓）主語+及物動詞+雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語）：e.g. My father bought me a car.5、 V O C （主謂賓賓補）主語+及物動詞+復合賓語（賓語+賓補）：e.g

44、. Tom made the baby laugh.注：其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。（三）并列句的分類1、表示連接兩個同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等連接。e.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.2、表示選擇，常用的連詞有or, eitheror, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train.3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有but, still, however, yet

45、, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.4、表示因果關系，常用的連詞有so, for, therefore等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（四）高考考點探討1、簡單句的五大句型是最基本的句型。雖然近幾年單純考查這種基礎

46、句型的題不多，但是在閱讀中需借助于劃分句子成分去理解，在書面表達中，沒有最基本的遣詞造句的能力是不可能用地道的英語句子來表達清楚的。2、高考對簡單句、并列句和各種復合句的考查常表現(xiàn)在對連詞的選擇和使用上。如：and, but, or, while，以及其它連接名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句的連接詞/關聯(lián)詞/引導詞。3、各種主從復合句的考查常常與動詞的時態(tài)聯(lián)系在一起，以賓語從句與狀語從句最為明顯；如：在時間從句與條件從句中，如果主句是將來時，從句則用一般式表將來，這一點在高考中經(jīng)?？疾?。如：We will go outing if it doesnt rain tomorrow。以下我們分步來分

47、解簡單句的五種基本句型：基本句型 一： （主謂）主語：可以作主語的成分有名詞（如boy），主格代詞（如you），動詞不定式，動名詞等。主語一般在句首。注意名詞單數(shù)形式常和冠詞不分家！ 謂語：謂語由動詞構(gòu)成，是英語時態(tài)、語態(tài)變化的主角，一般在主語之后。不及物動詞（vi.）沒有賓語，形成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，如：We come. 此句型的句子有一個共同特點，即句子的謂語動詞都能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做不及物動詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。 （不及物動詞vi.） 1. The sun was shining. 太陽在照耀著。2. The moon rose. 月亮升起了。3. The unive

48、rse remains. 宇宙長存。4. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 我們大家都呼吸、吃和喝。5. Who cares? 管它呢？ 6. What he said does not matter. 他所講的沒有什么關系。 注意：主語可以有定語修飾，謂語可以有狀語修飾：如7. They talked for half an hour. 他們談了半個小時。 8. The pen writes smoothly. 這支筆書寫流利。9. The red sun rises in the east.10. So they had to travel by air or

49、 boat.11.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.12. She sat there alone, reading a novel.13. He came back when we were eating.14. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up there.1. 她昨天回家很晚。 2會議將持續(xù)兩個小時。 3在過去的十年里我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大變化.41919年，在爆發(fā)了“五.四”運動。5每天八時開始上課。 6這個重五公

50、斤。 7五年前我住在。8秋天有些鳥飛到南方去。 9我的爺爺早晨起得很早。 10. 每天下午有許多學生到圖書館來借書。 基本句型 二： （主系表）此句型的句子有一個共同的特點：句子謂語動詞（即系動詞）都不能表達一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復合謂語，才能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連系動詞。系動詞有系動詞：be（be 本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表語的作用）；感官動詞：look/ sound/smell/feel/taste（如look well/面色好,sound nice/聽起來不錯,feel good/感覺好，smell bad/難聞，taste delici

51、ous嘗起來美味）；表示“保持，持續(xù)”：keep, remain, stay, continue，表示變化：go, get, grow, become, fall, turn, turn out(結(jié)果是)；表示“好像”：seem, appear. （是系動詞） 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 這是本英漢辭典。2. The dinner smells good. 午餐的氣味很好。3. He fell in love. 他墮入了情網(wǎng)。 4. Everything looks different. 一切看來都不同了。5. He is growing

52、 tall and strong. 他長得又高又壯6. The troubleis that they are short of money. 麻煩的是他們?nèi)鄙馘X。7. Our well has gone dry. 我們井干枯了。 8. His face turned red. 他的臉紅了。難點：另外：仔細研究以下句子：（找出系動詞，思考表語有何特殊？）Youll be all right soon. You dont look very well. I feel rather cold. The cloth feels soft. The roses smell sweet. The day

53、 turned out (to be) a fine one. His health remains poor.The mixture tasted horrible. How sweet the music sounds! He became a world-famous scientist. It is getting warmer and warmer. It grew dark. The food has turned bad. Yesterday he suddenly fell ill. Marys face went red. His dream has come true. The boys blood ran cold. Keep quiet, children! The weather continued fine for a long time. He appears upset about it. As we