情態(tài)動(dòng)詞講解與練習(xí)

1、.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有 can could, may might, must, have to, shall should, will would, dare dared, need needed, ought to 等。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化；不能單獨(dú)使用，必須與其后的動(dòng) 詞原形構(gòu)成謂語。一、 can, could1 表示能力體力、知識、技能。Can you lift this heavy box?體力此時(shí)可用 be able to 代替。Can 只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去式；而 be able to 那么有更多時(shí)態(tài)。Ill not be able to come this afternoo

2、n.當(dāng)表示“經(jīng)過努力才得以做成功某事時(shí)應(yīng)用 be able to，不能用 Can。如：He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.2 表示請求和允許。-Can I go now?- Yes, you can. / No, you cant.此時(shí)可與 may 互換。在疑問句中還可用 could,might 代替，不是過去式，只是語氣更委 婉，不能用于肯定句和答語中。- Could I come to see you tomorrow?3 表示客觀可能性客觀原因形成的能力。Theyve ch

3、anged the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. This hall can hold 500 people at least.4 表示推測驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度，用亍疑問句、否定句和感嘆句中。Can this be true?This cant be done by him.二、 may, might1 表示請求和允許。might 比 may 語氣更委婉，而不是過去式。否定回答時(shí)可用 cant 或 mustnt，表示“不可以，禁止。#:第 7 頁-Might/ May I smoke in this room?- No, you mustn

4、t.用 May I.？征徇對方答應(yīng)時(shí)比較正式和客氣，而用 Can I.？在口語中更常見。2用亍祈使句，表示祝愿。May you succeed!3 表示推測、可能性不用亍疑問句。might 不是過去式，它所表示的可能性比 may 小。1He may /might be very busy now.2Your mother may /might not know the truth.三、 must, have to1 表示必須、必要。You must come in time.在回答引出的問句時(shí)，如果是否定的，不能用 mustnt禁止，不準(zhǔn)，而用 neednt, dont have to不必.-

5、 Must we hand in our exercise books today?- Yes, you must.2 must 是說話人的主觀看法，而 have to 那么強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。Must 只有一般如今時(shí)，have to 有更多的時(shí)態(tài)形式。1 he play isnt interesting, I really must go now.2 I had to work when I was your age.3 表示推測、可能性只用亍肯定的陳述句1 Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best.2 Your mot

6、her must be waiting for you now.四、 dare, need1 dare 作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí), 常用亍疑問句、否定句和條件從句中, 過去式形式為 dared。1 How dare you say Im unfair?2 He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?3 If we dared not go there that day， we couldnt get the beautiful flowers.2 need 作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí), 常用亍疑問句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用 must, have to,

7、 ought to, should 代替。1You neednt come so early.2. - Need I finish the work today?- Yes, you must. / No, you neednt.3 dare 和 need 作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用時(shí)， 有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。在肯定句中，dare 后面 常接帶 to 的不定式。在疑問句和否定句中，dare 后面可接帶 to 或不帶 to 的不定式。而 need 后面只能接帶 to 的不定式。1. I dare to swim across this river.2. He doesnt dare to answer.3.

8、 He needs to finish his homework today.五、 shall, should1 shall 用亍第一人稱，征求對方的意見。What shall we do this evening?2 shall 用亍第二、三人稱，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。1. You shall fail if you dont work hard.警告2. He shall have the book when I finish it.許諾3. He shall be punished.威脅六、 will, would1 表示請求、建議等，would 更委婉。Will /

9、 Would you pass me the ball, please?2 表示意志、愿望和決心。1. I will never do that again.2. They asked him if he would go abroad.3 would 表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向。would 表示過去習(xí)慣時(shí)比 used to 正式， 且沒有“現(xiàn)已無此習(xí)慣的含義。1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.2. The wound would not heal.4 表示估計(jì)和猜想。It would be about t

10、en oclock when she left home.七、 should, ought to1 should, ought to 表示“應(yīng)該，ought to 表示義務(wù)或責(zé)任，比 should 語氣重。1. I should help her because she is in trouble.2. You ought to take care of the baby.2 表示勸告、建議和命令。should, ought to 可通用，但在疑問句中常用 should。1. You should / ought to go to class right away.2. Should I op

11、en the window?3 表示推測should , ought to 客觀推測, must主觀推測。1.He must be home by now. 斷定他已到家2.He ought to/should be home by now.不太肯定3. This is where the oil must be.直爽4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.含蓄八、 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+不定式完成式have done1 can / could + have done 在肯定句中表示“本來可以做而實(shí)際上能做某事，是虛擬 語氣；在疑問句或否定句中表示對過去行為

12、的懷疑或不肯定, 表示推測。1. You could have done better, but you didnt try your best. 虛擬語氣2. He cant have been to that town.推測3. Can he have got the book?推測2 may / might +不定式完成式have done 表示對過去行為的推測。不能用亍疑問句中，沒有虛擬語氣的用法。Might 所表示的可能性比 may 小。1. He may not have finished the work .2. If we had taken the other road, w

13、e might have arrived earlier.3must +不定式完成式have done 用亍肯定句中，表示對過去行為的推測。意為“一定、想必。其疑問、否定形式用can，cant 代替。參看 1 can / could + have done 表示推測。1. You must have seen the film Titanic.2. He must have been to Shanghai.4should +不定式完成式have done用亍肯定句中，表示對過去行為的推測。He should have finished the work by now。表示“本應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上沒

14、有做某事，其否定式表示某種行為本不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。 可以與 ought to +不定式完成式have done互換。1. You ought to / should have helped him. but you didnt.2. She shouldnt have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.5 neednt +不定式完成式have done 表示“本來不必做而實(shí)際上做了某事。You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.6 will +

15、不定式完成式have done 主要用亍第二、三人稱，表示對已完成的動(dòng)作或事態(tài)的推測。He will have arrived by now.課后練習(xí)題1 You all those clothes! We have a washing machine to do that sort of thingA needn't have washedB shouldn't have washedC must not have washedD can not have washed2 John's score on the test is the highest in the c

16、lass; he last night.A should studyB should have studiedC must have studiedD must have to study3 The room is in a terrible mess; it cleaned. CET-4, 2019,6 A can't have beenB shouldn't have beenC mustn't have beenD wouldn't have been4 Nobody knows how people first came to these islands

17、. They from South America on rafts.A must have sailedB can sailC might have sailedD should have sailed5 Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. She in her classroom.A should have beenB must have beenC must beD should be6 Bob said he was going to join our club but he didn't. He his mind.

18、A can't have changedB wouldn't have changedC must have changedD shouldn't have changed7 You to town to see the film yesterday. It will be on TV tonight.A needn't goB had better not goC should not goD needn't have gone8 We the letter yesterday, but it didn't arrive.A must rece

19、iveB ought to receiveC must have receivedD ought to have received9 With all the work on hand, he to the cinema last night.A mustn't goB shouldn't have goneC could not goD couldn't have gone10 Eve was late for class again. She earlier.A should get upB must get upC need to get upD should h

20、ave got up11 I am feeling sick. I so much chocolate.A needn't have eatenB couldn't have eatenC mustn't have eatenD shouldn't have eaten12 I didn't send out my application form last week, but I .A hadB would doC should haveD might have to13 Walking alone in the deserted village, H

21、e thought he_ Tom to go with him.A might have askedB should askedC must have askedD should have asked14 When I got to the cinema, the film had already started; I there earlier.A ought to getB ought to have gotC must have gotD must get15 The road was muddy. It_ last night.A must rainedB must have rai

22、nedC must be rainedD could have rained16 She can speak quite fluent English. She _.A must been in the U.S.A. for some timeB must have been in the U.S.A. for some timeC should have been in the U.S.A. for some timeD May be in the U.S.A. for some time17 You should bear in mind that he is not so strong

23、as he .A was used to beB used to beC was used toD use to18“We didn't see him at the exhibition yesterday.“He _it.A mustn't visitB can't have visitedC should have gone to seeD may see19 Mary my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.A should have receivedB has receivedC Could

24、n't have receivedD ought to have received20 I you a valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money.A would have liked to giveB liked to giveC have liked to giveD would like to give21“Where my umbrella?“Somebody it away by mistake.A is, must have takenB is, must takeC have been, mus

25、t takeD is, takes22 What would happen if the director knew you felt that way?A will you supposeB you supposeC do you supposeD you would suppose23 Two eyes see more than one.A canB mayC willD should24 you continue in your efforts and achieve new and greater successes.A WouldB WillC MayD Should25 We o

26、ught to help each other in our work, ?A oughtn't weB should weC shouldn't weD ought to we26 Tom better than to ask Dick for help.A shall knowB shouldn't knowC has knownD should have known27 You your tooth pulled out before it rot completely.A had better gotB had to get betterC had better to getD had better get28 When we got to the cinema, the film hasn't started yet, so we .A needn't hurryB didn't need hurryC needn't to hurryD needn't have hurri