定語(yǔ)從句大總結(jié)

1、定語(yǔ)從句大總結(jié)l.what不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句2.關(guān)系詞的分析須考慮它在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分。一.指人的關(guān)系代詞有 who、whose、whom、that.試分析：The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.Miss Wang is tak ing care of the child whose pare nts have gone to Beiji ng .The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster.(=The manwh

2、o/whom that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.)注：A .指人時(shí)有時(shí)只用 who不宜用that。1 .先行詞為 one、ones 或 anyone(1) The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard.(2) Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.2 .先行詞為these時(shí)These who are going to Beijing are the bes

3、t stude nts of our school.3 .在there be 開頭的句子中There is a stude nt who wants to see you.4 .一個(gè)句子中帶有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞是that，另一個(gè)宜用who，以免重復(fù)。The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards.5 .在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中A。 I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from Japan.B .主句以who開頭的句

4、子中，只用that,不用who。二.指物的關(guān)系代詞有which、whose(=of which) 、that.試分析：1.1 like the books which / that were writte n by Lu Xun.2. The desks (which/that) we made last year were very good.3. This is the house in which we lived last year. (= This is the house which /that we lived in last year.)4. I live in the roo

5、m whose windows face south. (= I live in the room ,the windows of which face south.)注：A. 介詞如果位于作為其賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞之前時(shí)，只能用whom、which不能用who或that.(1) . The girl about whom they were talk ing is our mon itor.(2) . The book in which there are many interesting things was written by Li Ming.B. 部分短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的介詞不可與動(dòng)詞拆開，在定語(yǔ)

6、從句中其介詞不可前置，只能放在其 動(dòng)詞之后。Is this the book which she is look ing for?The old man who/whom they are wait ing for is Professor Li.The child who/whom she is looking after is WangPing ' son.C .指物時(shí)，下列情況下只能用that，不宜用which 。(1)先行詞為不定代詞，女口All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、the one 等。We are w

7、illi ng to do anything that is good to the people.I have told them all (that) I know.All that can be done has bee n done.(2) 先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞、修飾時(shí)。The first book that I read last ni ght was an En glish no vel.(3) 先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever seen.This is t

8、he best that can be done now.(4 )如果有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時(shí)(先行詞既有人又有物)，定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞用 which和who都不合適，只能用that。We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talk ing about.There are sheep and men that can be see n on the hill.(5)如果先行詞被 the only、the very、the last、the same、any、few、little、no、al

9、l、 one of、just 修飾時(shí)。This is the only book that can be lent to you.（6）當(dāng)主句是以 which開頭的特殊問(wèn)句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只用that。Which is the dictio nary that he used yesterday ?D .只物時(shí)，下列情況下只能用which，不宜用that o（1）關(guān)系代詞放在介詞之后This is the factory in which we once worked.（2）非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中This is the book, which is written by Lu Xun.(3) that

10、 , Those 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)Those which are on the desk are En glish books.E .先行詞前有 such、the same、as 時(shí),關(guān)系代詞用 as，不用 that,但the sameas 表示同樣的，the samethat 表示同一的He knows as many people as are prese nt at the meeti ng.|Such people as you refer to are rare no wadays.三.比較 When/which 、 where /which 、 why.which I still n ev

11、er forget.This is the day whe n I joi ned the party. which he spe nt readi ng the books. where I found the book.which makes mach in es.This is the place which we once visited.which I will n ever forget.which I am look ing for.限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句All the stude nts who study hard have p

12、assed.學(xué)習(xí)努力的學(xué)生都考試及格了。（只有努力的及格了，不努力的沒(méi)及格。）All the stude nts ,who study hard have passed. 所有的學(xué)生都 及格了，他們學(xué)習(xí)努力。（沒(méi)有人不及格，這些學(xué)生都很努力。）從句是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)（如去掉，主句意思就不完整或不正確。）從句是對(duì)先行詞的附加說(shuō)明（如去掉，主句意思仍清楚，不受影響。）與主句關(guān)系密切，不用逗號(hào)與主句關(guān)系不十分密切，用逗號(hào)與主句隔開譯為漢語(yǔ)時(shí)， 從句譯在先行詞前，與先行詞用 的”連接譯 為漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句放在主句后面關(guān)系代詞that可以代替 who、whom（指人）、which（指物）關(guān)系代詞不用th

13、at,只用who、whom（指人）、which（指物）關(guān)系代詞代替賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略 關(guān)系 代詞不能省略關(guān)系代詞 as和which先研究下面兩個(gè)例句：O I.This elepha nt is like a sn ake, as /which everybody can see. =As everybody can see,this elepha nt is like a sn ake.任何人都看得出來(lái)，這頭象像條蛇。O2.Tomdidn ' ptss the physics exam, which made his parents very angry. Tom物理考試不及格，這使得他父

14、親很生氣。這兩個(gè)例句中，as和which所代表的都是整個(gè)主句所表示的內(nèi)容。但有兩點(diǎn)不同之處：1 .在形式上as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面；而which弓I導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面。2 .在意義上，as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系一般為一致關(guān)系，常譯為 正如”，就像”，而which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系是因果關(guān)系，或which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)主句的評(píng)論。因此，在意思通順的情況下，which可代替as，而as許多時(shí)候不能代替which，如句 02。再如：1 . He was late again, as / which we h

15、ad expected. =As we had expected, he was lateagain.正如我們所料，他又遲到了。/他又遲到了這是我們?cè)缇土系降摹? . The street hasn' been cleared for weeks, which makes it very dirty.街道好多星期沒(méi)有打掃了，因此整條街很臟。（不用as）3 . The young man cheated his friend of much money, which was disgraceful.那年輕人詐騙了他朋友許多錢財(cái)，這是不光彩的。（不用as）4 . He takes exer

16、cise everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health.他每天運(yùn)動(dòng)，這對(duì)他的身體很有好處。（不用as）5 . As has already been pointed out, English is rather difficult for a foreigner.正如已經(jīng)指出的那樣，英語(yǔ)對(duì)于初學(xué)者說(shuō)，是相當(dāng)難學(xué)的。在suchas、 the sameas、as、 as many/much as等結(jié)構(gòu)中,as 不能用 which 代替。如：1.Such books as this are too difficult for begi nn

17、ers.這樣的書對(duì)于初學(xué)的人來(lái)說(shuō)是太難了。=Books such as this are =Books like this are 2.I live in the same buildi ng as he （does）.我和他住再同一座大樓里。3. He knows as many people as are prese nt at the meeti ng.他認(rèn)識(shí)所有至 U會(huì)的人。4. That day we all got up early as usual.那天我們和平時(shí)一樣，都起得很早?！癘nef the +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”后面定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)情況這一結(jié)構(gòu)后面的定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)

18、數(shù)形式，跟定語(yǔ)從句所*近的那個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞在數(shù)上保持一致。如：1 . That is one of the books that are required for study at school.2 . This is one of the most wonderful novels that have been published since 1990.3 . She is one of the few persons who know Spanish .4 . This is one of the most famous plays that were written in the thirties,1. He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.（ the only one）He is one of the teachers who know French in our school.（修飾 the teachers）2. This is the only o