鋼筋結(jié)構(gòu)焊縫X射線探傷檢驗(yàn)指導(dǎo)書(shū)

1、 作業(yè)指導(dǎo)書(shū)(一)Task Steering （第一版 1nd edition）執(zhí)行日期：2007年10月20日1 目的Purpose1.1 為使鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的部件和焊縫采用X射線檢測(cè)時(shí)其全過(guò)程的操作規(guī)化，以便獲得合格的透照底片，正確反映產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。Standardize the whole process of X-ray inspecting in order to acquire eligible negative reflecting quality of products correctly.2 適用圍Applied scope2.1 本規(guī)程適用于鋼結(jié)構(gòu)中板厚340mm的對(duì)接焊縫的射線透照檢

2、測(cè)。This regulations is applied to radial inspecting of butt weld of 340mm thickness steel structure plate.3 引用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Quoted standards3.1 ANSI/AWSD1.1(2006) “Structural welding code-steel”（鋼結(jié)構(gòu)焊接標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）3.2 ASTM/E 747（使用金屬線透度計(jì)控制射線照相檢測(cè)質(zhì)量的方法）3.3 ASME SEC .V3.4 ASME B31.34 實(shí)施步驟Procedure of performance4.1 人員的要求Requi

3、rements of personnel4.1.1 從事射線照相檢測(cè)的人員，必須掌握射線探傷的基礎(chǔ)技術(shù)，具有足夠的部件和焊縫射線探傷經(jīng)驗(yàn)，并掌握一定的材料，焊接基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。The person who inspect must know basic technology of NDT, basic knowledge of welding and material but have enough experience.4.1.2 探傷人員應(yīng)由相關(guān)部門(mén)無(wú)損檢測(cè)考核委員會(huì)培訓(xùn)和考核，并持有相關(guān)部門(mén)無(wú)損檢測(cè)考核委員會(huì)認(rèn)可的RT級(jí)或以上書(shū)，才能從事與該等級(jí)相應(yīng)的檢驗(yàn)工作。The person who c

4、arries out flaw detecting should be trained and qualified by concerned Non-destructive testing committee and have certificate of RTor above. 4.1.3 評(píng)片員每年進(jìn)行視力檢查，不得有色盲和色弱，其近距離視力或近距離矯正視力不低于J1/J2. The person who assesses film will check his/her vision acuity every year. Not allowed to have color blindnes

5、s and color weakness，Vision of close quarters or vision acuity of corrected should above JI/J2.4.2 表面狀態(tài)Surface condition：焊縫與熱影響區(qū)的表面質(zhì)量（包括焊縫余高）應(yīng)經(jīng)外觀檢查合格。表面的不規(guī)則狀態(tài)在底片上的圖像不應(yīng)掩蓋焊縫中的缺陷或與之相混淆，否則應(yīng)做適當(dāng)?shù)男拚he quality of welding line and heat-affected zone (include weld reinforcement) should be inspected by visua

6、l. Defects of weld shouldnt be covered up by image on negative which showing irregular state of surface, otherwise it should be adjusted in some extent.4.3 工作安全Working safety：射線探傷工作應(yīng)符合所有適用的安全規(guī)程This regulation should be compliant to all suitable safety rules.。4.4 X射線設(shè)備見(jiàn)表1 About equipments of X-ray pl

7、ease see table 1 表Table 1制造廠家Manufacturer型號(hào)type管電壓voltage管電流currentRigakucorporation300EG-S3 300KV5MA日本理學(xué)250EG-S2250KV5MABALTOSPOTGFK-208200KV5MA/8MA中國(guó)射線儀器公司XXG-2505250KV5MA中國(guó)射線儀器公司XXG-2005200KV5MA4.5 射線膠片和增感屏Intensifying screen and film of X-ray：射線膠片采用AGFA100X300，增感屏采用pb:0.03前后鉛箔屏。We adopted AGFA10

8、0X300 film, pb:0.03 intensifying screen.4.6 線型象質(zhì)計(jì)Linetype IQI：象質(zhì)計(jì)是用來(lái)檢查透照技術(shù)和膠片處理質(zhì)量的，本規(guī)程使用的線型象質(zhì)計(jì)的型號(hào)和規(guī)格應(yīng)符合AWS D1.1:2006第197頁(yè)的規(guī)定。線型象質(zhì)計(jì)的選用和要求見(jiàn)圖A IQI is for check transilluminating technology and quality of film processing. The type and specification of linetype that used must be suit with regulation in p

9、age 197 of AWS D1.1: 2006. About choosing and requirements of IQI please see graph A4.7 探傷工藝Workmanship of fault detection：4.7.1 X射線拍攝射線照片時(shí)，焦點(diǎn)應(yīng)盡可能對(duì)準(zhǔn)受檢焊縫的長(zhǎng)度和寬度中心，射線源工件距離應(yīng)不少于在單一平面上曝光的底片總長(zhǎng)度，一般采用焦距=600mm。When taken pictures by X-radial, focus should be on length &width center of weld. Ray source-gen

10、erally focus=600mm, workpiece shouldnt be less than total length of exposal negative. 4.7.2 膠片應(yīng)有足夠長(zhǎng)度，所放位置應(yīng)使焊縫末端自由邊以外，至少有13mm的膠片受到射線源的直接照射，膠片的寬度應(yīng)使焊接接頭所有部分均攝入照片，包括熱影響區(qū)，照片上還應(yīng)有足夠空間容納線型象質(zhì)計(jì)和膠片識(shí)別標(biāo)記而不影響焊縫與熱影響區(qū)的圍。Film should have enough length, more than 13mm film is direct irradiated by ray source. It shoul

11、d have enough width to make sure all welding joints are taken into photo including heat-affected zone. Photos also should have enough space to contain line-type IQI and identifying marks without influencing scope of welding line and heat-affected zone. 4.7.3 為減少散射線的影響，應(yīng)采用/1mm的鉛板屏蔽背后散射。In order to re

12、duce influence of scattered ray we should adopt /1mm leading to screen dispersion.4.7.4 為檢查背后散射，應(yīng)在暗盒背面貼附一個(gè)“B”的鉛字標(biāo)記（B的高度 為 13mm，厚度1.6mm），若在較黑背景上出現(xiàn)“B”的較淡影象，說(shuō)明背后散射防護(hù)不夠，應(yīng)予重照。In order to check dispersion we could attach a letter B on cassettes back (Height 13mm, thickness 1.6mm), if there is B light imag

13、e on dark background it means we should pay attention on dispersion.4.7.5 線型象質(zhì)計(jì)應(yīng)放在射線一側(cè)的工作表面上被檢焊縫區(qū)的兩端（按圖1或圖2要求）。Wire type IQI should put both ends of inspected weld on working surface along one side of ray. (Please see graph 1&2)4.7.6 定位標(biāo)記和識(shí)別標(biāo)記Position mark and identifying mark：在每個(gè)拍攝位置近處的鋼材上放置一個(gè)定

14、位標(biāo)記和識(shí)別標(biāo)記。Place a position mark and identifying mark on steel material that near every shooting position4.7.6.1 表明焊縫透照部位的鉛質(zhì)定位標(biāo)記包括中心標(biāo)記（ ） 和搭接標(biāo)記（ ）。Position mark includes center mark ( ) and lapping mark ( )4.7.6.2 識(shí)別標(biāo)記Identifying Marks識(shí)別標(biāo)記包括廠方縮寫(xiě)名稱(chēng)（GWS），工程編號(hào)，焊縫編號(hào)和部位編號(hào)，日期；返修透照部位還應(yīng)有返修標(biāo)記R1、R2（注腳1、2表示返修次數(shù)）

15、Identifying marks includes abbreviative name of factory (GWS)，project No.，weld no. and position no.，date；On repairing part mark R1、R2（footnote 1、2means repairing times）4.7.6.3 標(biāo)記位置Marking position：上述定位標(biāo)記和識(shí)別標(biāo)記均需在底片適當(dāng)位置顯示，并離焊縫邊緣至少20mm。Above-mentioned position mark and identifying mark should be shown

16、on proper position of negative and more than 20mm far from welding edge. 4.7.7 黑度Degree of blackness：選擇合適的曝光條件使底片有效評(píng)定區(qū)域的黑度滿足D=2.04.0的圍。底片的灰霧度D0£0.3。Choose available exposal condition for dark degree which in valid assessing zone of negative satisfies D=2.04.0 zero degree D0£0.3。4.8 膠片處理Fil

17、m processing：膠片的手工沖洗洗應(yīng)采用槽浸方式，在規(guī)定的溫度（200CK20）和時(shí)間（68分鐘）進(jìn)行顯影、定影后的底片應(yīng)經(jīng)充分水洗和脫水處理，以防水跡的產(chǎn)生然后自然干燥或在干燥箱烘干。Using grove-dipping method to develop film in stated temp.（200CK20）and time（68 minutes）. After fixation wash and dehydrate negative to avoid producing water mark and then dry it naturally or in drying bo

18、x.4.9 底片質(zhì)量：在底片評(píng)定區(qū)域不應(yīng)有以下妨礙底片評(píng)定的假缺陷。a) 起灰霧。b) 處理時(shí)產(chǎn)生的條痕、水跡或化學(xué)污跡。c) 劃痕、指紋、污跡、靜電痕、斑痕或撕裂。d) 由于增感屏不好造成的缺陷顯示。Quality of negative：In assessing zone, shouldnt have following problems e) Photograph fog。f) wale, water trace or chemical smear。g) nick, fingerprint, dirt, static tracing, or crack 。h) Showing defec

19、ts caused by intensifying screen4.10 焊縫質(zhì)量評(píng)定(并滿足ASME B31.3 表341.3.2的規(guī)定)Assessing quality of weld：4.10.1 圓形和長(zhǎng)形缺陷的定義Definition of round&oblong defects：a) 長(zhǎng)度是其寬度的三倍或不足三倍的稱(chēng)為圓形缺陷，形狀可以是圓形的或不規(guī)則的，也可能是有細(xì)尾的，包括氣孔、點(diǎn)狀?yuàn)A渣等。Round defects is that length is equal or less than three times width. The form can be rou

20、nd or irregular.b) 長(zhǎng)度超過(guò)其寬度三倍的稱(chēng)為長(zhǎng)形缺陷，包括條狀?yuàn)A渣、條狀氣孔。Long defects is that length is over three times width, includes stripy slag, stripy hole.4.10.2 有下列缺陷的焊縫，不管缺陷的長(zhǎng)度大小，都是不合格的。Welds that have following defects arent eligible whether any length they are. (1) 裂紋Crack(2) 未熔合Non-fusion4.10.3 除上述缺陷外，焊縫中的其它缺陷超過(guò)

21、下述限度者是不合格的。（E=焊縫尺寸）Except above defects, un-qualify if excess allowance of followings （E=weld dimension）(1) 長(zhǎng)形缺陷超過(guò)圖3中的最大缺陷尺寸。Long defect excesses max. dimension of graph 3。(2) 缺陷較圖3中允許的最小間距更為靠近。Min. allowed space is less compared with in graph 3.(3) 圓形缺陷單個(gè)尺寸超過(guò)焊縫尺寸E的1/3，最大限值不超過(guò)1/4 in. (6mm)。這種型式的尺寸大于

22、或等于3/32 in. (2.5mm)的缺陷，離開(kāi)可接受的長(zhǎng)或圓形缺陷的最小間距或離交叉焊縫邊緣或末端的最小間距，應(yīng)是較大缺陷最大尺寸的3倍。Single dimension of round defects excesses 1/3 weld dimension E, Max. limitation not excess 1/4 in. (6mm). (4) 表現(xiàn)為圓形缺陷團(tuán)的孤立缺陷，當(dāng)它們的較大尺寸總和超過(guò)圖3單個(gè)缺陷允許的最大尺寸時(shí)，它們至另一缺陷團(tuán)，或另一長(zhǎng)形或圓形缺陷，或至交叉焊縫邊緣或端部的最小間距，應(yīng)是所述的較大缺陷最大尺寸的3倍。Separated roundness def

23、ect mass, when its max. dimension total excesses allowed max. single dimension. The min. space from it to another defect mass should be three times of max. dimension of max. defect. (5) 在每1 in. (25mm)焊縫長(zhǎng)度中，尺寸小于3/32 in. (2.5mm)的單個(gè)圓形缺陷的總和，不應(yīng)超過(guò)2/3E或3/8 in. (10mm)，取較小值。這個(gè)要求獨(dú)立于上述(1), (2), (3)。In every 1

24、in. (25mm) weld length, total of single roundness defect which less than 3/32 in. (2.5mm)shouldnt over 2/3E or 3/8 in. (10mm). This requirement is independent of above mentioned (1), (2), (3). (6) 當(dāng)缺陷最大尺寸的總和在任何6E的長(zhǎng)度超過(guò)E，稱(chēng)為線狀缺陷。如受檢的焊縫長(zhǎng)度小于6E，則允許的最大尺寸的總和按比例減小。In range of every 6E length when total dimen

25、sion of defects is over E, we call it sliver defect. If dimension of inspected weld is less than 6E, then the total of allowed max. dimension should be reduced accordingly. 注：圖3的合格射線圖象可參考圖4。Remark：Please see graph 4 for eligible ray on graph 3.5. 探傷報(bào)告（見(jiàn)附錄A）：NDT report （See attachment A）報(bào)告應(yīng)包括以下容：Repo

26、rt should include following information：(1) 委托單位，被檢工件名稱(chēng)、編號(hào)。Inspecting companys name, members name& No.(2) 被檢工件材質(zhì)、母材厚度。Property of checked members and thickness of base metal(3) 檢測(cè)裝置的名稱(chēng)、型號(hào)。Name and type of inspecting sets。(4) 透照技術(shù)規(guī)。Technical specification of transillumination。(5) 檢測(cè)結(jié)果、缺陷性質(zhì)評(píng)定與驗(yàn)收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

27、名稱(chēng)。Inspecting result, property of defect and acceptance standard。(6) 返修后檢測(cè)結(jié)果。Checking after repair。(7) 檢測(cè)人員和責(zé)任人員簽字。Signature of inspector and person in charge。(8) 檢測(cè)日期。Inspecting date。(9) 射線檢測(cè)工藝卡工程名稱(chēng)XXXX工程編號(hào)XXXXXX檢測(cè)比例按設(shè)計(jì)圖紙檢測(cè)部位由質(zhì)檢部現(xiàn)場(chǎng)指定檢測(cè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ASME SEC.VAWS D1.1合格級(jí)別按設(shè)計(jì)圖紙膠片型號(hào)AGFA鉛增感屏X:0.03/0.1 底片黑度X: 2.04.

28、0背散射線的防護(hù)背襯1mm厚鉛版顯影溫度1822C顯影時(shí)間46min定影溫度1624C定影時(shí)間10min水洗時(shí)間30min脫水時(shí)間1min透照方式焦距（mm）管外徑<89mm,雙壁雙影橢圓透照600管外徑108mm,雙壁單影透照X: 管外徑+150管外徑>219mm的厚壁管中心透照時(shí)焦距為管外徑透照厚度、像質(zhì)指示器線號(hào)和設(shè)備類(lèi)型的選擇母材厚度mm單壁單影（射線源側(cè)IQI）雙壁雙影（射線源側(cè)IQI）雙壁單影（底片側(cè)IQI）設(shè)備類(lèi)型6.45564X光機(jī)>6.49.565>9.512.77786>12.719.087>19.025.4998>25.438.110109拍片數(shù)的選擇外徑¢拍片數(shù)外徑¢拍片數(shù)¢89橢圓透照2108<¢426426<¢60068¢>600每畫(huà)線長(zhǎng)度250mm注：周向曝光時(shí)拍片數(shù)不限，只要能搭接即可。曝光時(shí)間