外研必修三module5語法定語從句

1、1.定義定義： 又稱形容詞性從句，在復(fù)合句中修又稱形容詞性從句，在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞，起定語作用。飾名詞或代詞，起定語作用。2.先行詞先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞3.關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞：關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞Who, whom, whose, which, thatWhen, where, why在定語從句中作主語、賓語、定語在定語從句中作主語、賓語、定語在定語從句中作狀語在定語從句中作狀語A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of word

2、s.句子主干：句子主干：定語從句：定語從句：先先 行行 詞：詞：關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系代詞：A dictionary is a book.which gives the meaning of words.bookwhich4. 分類：限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句分類：限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句限定性定語從句是句中限定性定語從句是句中不可缺少的組成部分不可缺少的組成部分，使先行詞區(qū)別于同類其使先行詞區(qū)別于同類其他事物；主句和從句之他事物；主句和從句之間間不用逗號不用逗號隔開隔開非限定性定語從句是非限定性定語從句是對對主句先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明主句先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明，沒有這種從句不影響主沒有這種從句不影

3、響主句意思完整句意思完整.一般一般用逗號用逗號把主句和從句分開把主句和從句分開引導(dǎo)詞：關(guān)系代詞和引導(dǎo)詞：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，作關(guān)系副詞，作賓語賓語時(shí)時(shí)一些關(guān)系代詞一些關(guān)系代詞可以省可以省略略引導(dǎo)詞：引導(dǎo)詞：as, who, whom, whose, which, of which, when, where等，等，不用不用that或或why,不能省不能省略略限制性定語從句舉例：限制性定語從句舉例： 1. The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. 2. China is a country th

4、at has a long history. 3. In the street I saw a man who was from Africa. 非限制性定語從句舉例：非限制性定語從句舉例：1. His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 2. China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 3. Last summer I visited the Peoples Great Hall, in which many important

5、 meetings are held every year. 1. Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college. Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college.2. All the books that have pictures in them are well written. All the books, which have pictures in them, are well writ

6、ten. （她還有其他哥哥。）（她還有其他哥哥。）（她只有一個(gè)哥哥。）（她只有一個(gè)哥哥。）（帶插圖的書寫得好。）（帶插圖的書寫得好。）（所有的書都寫的很好。所有的書都帶插圖）（所有的書都寫的很好。所有的書都帶插圖）指代內(nèi)容指代內(nèi)容所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略that人；物人；物主語主語,賓語賓語 作賓語可省作賓語可省which物物主語主語,賓語賓語 作賓語可省作賓語可省who人人主語主語,賓語賓語 作賓語可省作賓語可省whom人人賓語賓語可省可省whose(人人/物物)的的定語定語不可省不可省關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞的用法1. who指人指人, ,作主語或賓語作主語或賓語 ( (作賓語可

7、省略）作賓語可省略）The boys who are playing football are from Class One. The man who I saw is called Tom.2. whom指人指人, ,作賓語作賓語 ( (作賓語可省略作賓語可省略, ,如介如介詞提前則不能省詞提前則不能省) The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.3. whose 在定語從句中作定語，與后面的在定語從句中作定語，與后面的名詞為所屬關(guān)系。名詞為所屬關(guān)系。 whose多指人，也可指多指人

8、，也可指物，指物時(shí)可與物，指物時(shí)可與 of which互換使用。互換使用。1. He has a friend whose father is a doctor.2. Do you like the book whose cover is blue? =Do you like the book the cover of which is blue? =Do you like the book of which the cover is blue.Do you know the girl whose hair is very short in our class?Do you know the

9、girl?Her hair is very short in our class.He is the student.I broke his pencil yesterday.He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday. We found a house of which the roof had been damaged.We found a house the roof of which had been damaged.We found a house whose roof had been damaged.4which 指物，在定語

10、從句中做主語或賓指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時(shí)?？墒÷浴ＵZ，做賓語時(shí)常可省略。 1. Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 2. He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 3. This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 4. The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 5. that 指人時(shí)，

11、相當(dāng)于指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who 或或whom；指；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在定語從句中作主。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時(shí)常可省略。語或賓語，作賓語時(shí)?？墒÷浴?. Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 2. The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. 3. The season that / which comes after spring is summer. 4. Yesterday I received a letter that / whic

12、h came from Australia. that和和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換在指物的情況下一般都可以互換, , 但在下列情況下但在下列情況下, , 一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. (1) 限制性定語從句中先行詞為限制性定語從句中先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, litt

13、le, some等等不定代詞指物時(shí)。不定代詞指物時(shí)。(something用用that或或which均可均可)(2)There be 句型中用句型中用that。There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.This is the first book (that) he has read.This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.This is the first time (that) I am in Beijing. (3)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾(4) 當(dāng)主句是當(dāng)

14、主句是who which 做主語的疑問句時(shí)做主語的疑問句時(shí)Who is the girl that drove the car? Who that broke the window will be punished.Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there?(5)當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物。當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物。They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school.

15、 Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.Ive read all the books that are not mine. This is the very book that belongs to him.(6)先行詞被先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the last, just, right等修飾。等修飾。(1) 緊跟介詞作賓語緊跟介詞作賓語Those are many trees under which t

16、hey can have a rest.(2) 在非限制性定語從句中在非限制性定語從句中 Football, which is a very popular game, is played all over the world.The tree, which is 400 years old, is very famous here.在下列情況下在下列情況下, ,一般用一般用which而不用而不用that。as 和和which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別1. which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句之后；引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句之后；as引導(dǎo)的從句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。引導(dǎo)

17、的從句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。2. which既可代指先行詞，又可代指整個(gè)主句既可代指先行詞，又可代指整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。相當(dāng)于的內(nèi)容。相當(dāng)于 “and this” 或或 “and that”. 譯為譯為“這一點(diǎn)這一點(diǎn)”。as只能代指整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。常帶有只能代指整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。常帶有“正如正如”之意，且已形成固定結(jié)構(gòu)。之意，且已形成固定結(jié)構(gòu)。 as is known, as is reported, as is said, as is expected, as we know, etc.1. Einstein, as is known, is a famous scientist.2. As

18、is reported, China has become an important country in the world.3. Taiwan belongs to China, as is known to all.4. Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.5. My son now goes to the school, which I used go to when I was a child.6. He didnt come to attend the meeting, as is expected.3. as在從句中作主語，從句

19、中的謂語必須在從句中作主語，從句中的謂語必須 是系動詞；而是系動詞；而which則不一定。則不一定。 He is very strict, as is shown in his work. The man is very learned, as is described in the book.4. 先行詞前有先行詞前有the same, such限定時(shí)，關(guān)限定時(shí)，關(guān) 系詞只能用系詞只能用as. I have the same opinion as you (have). Dont read such books as are beyond your ability.5.當(dāng)從句和主句語義一致時(shí)

20、，用當(dāng)從句和主句語義一致時(shí)，用as, 反之用反之用whichShe married again, as was expected.She married again, which was unexpected.當(dāng)先行詞受當(dāng)先行詞受the same 修飾時(shí)，有時(shí)也用修飾時(shí)，有時(shí)也用 that引導(dǎo)定語從句，但與引導(dǎo)定語從句，但與as引導(dǎo)的定語從引導(dǎo)的定語從句意思有區(qū)別。句意思有區(qū)別。 She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding.

21、關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系副詞的用法指代內(nèi)指代內(nèi)容容所做成分所做成分 是否可省略是否可省略when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語狀語否否where地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語狀語否否why原因原因狀語狀語否否Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.on whichIll never forget the time which/that was spent with you.when 在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，先行詞往在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，先行詞往往是表示時(shí)間的名詞。相當(dāng)于往是表示時(shí)間的名詞。相當(dāng)于介詞介詞+ +which若定語從句缺主語或賓語，需用若定語從句缺主語或賓語，需用

22、which或或that引導(dǎo)定語從句。引導(dǎo)定語從句。This is the house where I lived two years ago.in whichThe library (which/that) you visited yesterday was built in 1990.where在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，先行詞往在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，先行詞往往是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。相當(dāng)于往是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。相當(dāng)于“介詞介詞 + + which”。若定語從句缺主語或賓語，用若定語從句缺主語或賓語，用which或或that引導(dǎo)定語從句。引導(dǎo)定語從句。where 引導(dǎo)的定語從句也可以修飾引導(dǎo)的定語從句

23、也可以修飾case, condition, situation, instance, 等先行詞。等先行詞。There are cases where this rule does not hold good.Can you think of a situation where this word can be used?Do you know the reason why she was late.The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. why在定語從句中作原因狀語，常位于在定語從句中作原因狀語，

24、常位于reason之后，相當(dāng)于之后，相當(dāng)于for which。the reason whyis that 的原因是的原因是他辭職的原因是他和老板吵架了。他辭職的原因是他和老板吵架了。The reason why he resigned was that he quarreled with his boss.Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.1.在在the reason why 結(jié)構(gòu)中，結(jié)構(gòu)中，why 引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)定語從句定語從句，它也可以換為，它也可以換為fo

25、r which或者省或者省略略。在從句中作。在從句中作原因狀語原因狀語。2.如果關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞如果關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞reason在從句中在從句中作主語、賓語、表語作主語、賓語、表語等時(shí)，則用等時(shí)，則用that或或which。3.the reason is that結(jié)構(gòu)中，只能用結(jié)構(gòu)中，只能用that 引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)表語從句表語從句，不要受漢語的影響，誤用，不要受漢語的影響，誤用 because。【例【例1】 I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the country with the farmers, _ has a great effec

26、t on my life. 1994 上海上海 A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who 【解析】解析】本題的第一個(gè)空格處應(yīng)填入表示時(shí)間的關(guān)本題的第一個(gè)空格處應(yīng)填入表示時(shí)間的關(guān)系副詞系副詞when，在從句中作狀語。在從句中作狀語。答案：答案：B。 【例例2】 Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally I doubt very much. 1999全國全國 A. it B. that C. when D. which 【解析解析】“我個(gè)人所懷疑的我

27、個(gè)人所懷疑的”是是“到十月份這工作到十月份這工作能否被完成能否被完成”，而不是，而不是“十月份十月份”，由此，由此判定非限制性定語從句所修飾的不是判定非限制性定語從句所修飾的不是October,而是前面整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。而是前面整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。答案：答案：D。 【例例3】 John said hed been working in the office for an hour, _ was true.2001春春 A. he B. this C. which D. who 【解析解析】“John說他在辦公室工作一個(gè)小時(shí)了，說他在辦公室工作一個(gè)小時(shí)了，這件事情是真的這件事情是真的” 所以要用關(guān)系代

28、詞所以要用關(guān)系代詞which指代這件事情并引導(dǎo)非限制性定指代這件事情并引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。答案：語從句。答案：C?！纠?】Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise.A. it B. that C. whichD. he答案答案C. 此為非限定性從句，不能用此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修修飾，而用飾，而用which. it 和和he 都使后句成為句都使后句成為句子，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號連接。子，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選況且選he句意不通。句意不通。【例例5】The weather

29、turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it答案答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而性定語從句，而what不可。不可。That 不能用不能用于非限定性定語從句，于非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由不為連詞，使由逗號連接的兩個(gè)句子并在一起在英語語逗號連接的兩個(gè)句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。法上行不通?！纠?】The English play _ my students acted at the New Years par

30、ty was a great success. （2004年全國卷年全國卷23題）題） A. for whichB. at whichC. in which D. on which 本句屬于本句屬于“介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從引導(dǎo)定語從句這一情況。通過拆分我們可以得句這一情況。通過拆分我們可以得 My students acted in the English play at the New Years party.,所以答案為所以答案為C。 【例例7】_ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries

31、are making progress. （2004年北京卷年北京卷34題）題）A. It B. As C. That D. What【例例8】I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. (2004年湖南卷年湖南卷23題題) A. how B. which C. where D. that例例9. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago. A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one變?yōu)榭隙ň洌鹤優(yōu)榭隙ň洌?This m

32、useum is _ you visited a few days ago.在該句中，主句中所缺部分為表語，從句中在該句中，主句中所缺部分為表語，從句中缺少賓語。只有缺少賓語。只有the one既做了主句的表語，既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，相又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，相當(dāng)于：當(dāng)于：the one that 所以應(yīng)選所以應(yīng)選D。 Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on whichD. the one變?yōu)榭隙ň洌鹤優(yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum _

33、 the exhibition was held.主句中主句中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞子的狀語表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又，又因因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語。而此題中，介詞引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對，所以選用的不對，所以選A。例例10. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226 days. (04NMET)A. of

34、 whichB. during whichC. From whichD. for whichA 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞which指代指代 the journey, 定語定語從句恢復(fù)為獨(dú)立句子應(yīng)該是：從句恢復(fù)為獨(dú)立句子應(yīng)該是：The sailing time of the journey was 226 days.1. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, , of course, made the others unhappy. A. whichB. who C. hisD. what2. After living i

35、n Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town he grew up as a child. A. whichB. when C. that D. where 3. The gentleman you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. A. who B. about whom C. whomD. with whom 4. Please take any seat is free. A. which B. where C. in which D. that5. The old man has

36、 two sons, is a soldier. A. one of whom B. both of them C. all of whomD. none of them6. This is the ship we crossed the Pacific(太平洋太平洋). A. by which B. by that C. where D. in which7. New York is famous for its sky- scrapers (摩天大樓摩天大樓), has more than 100 storeys. A. the higher of them B. the highest of which C. the highest of them D. some of which8. My home village is no longer the same it used to be. A. which B. as C. where D. when9. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., man