語法復(fù)習(xí)九動(dòng)詞詞義辨析+開

1、語法復(fù)習(xí)九：動(dòng)詞詞義辨析語法復(fù)習(xí)九：動(dòng)詞詞義辨析 動(dòng)詞是是各類考試的重點(diǎn)，高考試題中，單項(xiàng)填空、完形填空和改錯(cuò)等三項(xiàng)題型中，動(dòng)詞辨義的比重較大，并逐年增加。動(dòng)詞辨義主要指： 1、形狀相同的動(dòng)詞之間辨義。如：lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat等。 2、意義相近的動(dòng)詞之間辨義。如：borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。 3、動(dòng)詞與其它詞形相近、意義相似的詞的辨義。如：advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等。 4、意義不同，但容易混淆的動(dòng)詞的辨義。如

2、：explain, say; discover, invent, uncover; find, find out等。 5、某些常用動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣用法的辨義。如：ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear等。 6、某些常用動(dòng)詞短語的辨義。如：give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。（一）易混動(dòng)詞（一）易混動(dòng)詞 1、lay（放）, lie（躺）與lie（說謊）：這三個(gè)易混動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成見下表：2、rise和raise：rise是不及物動(dòng)詞，其過去式是rose，過去分詞

3、是 risen，而raise是及物動(dòng)詞，是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。3、hear與listen to：hear側(cè)重點(diǎn)是聽到，聽見什么，而listen to 是側(cè)重于聽的傾向，但hear用于無意中的聽見，而listen to卻用 于集中注意力的聽。4、see, watch和look：see用作看電影，劇目；watch則用作看電視 比賽，而watch還有在旁觀看之意。如：Are you going to play or only watch?；look一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞，只是當(dāng)盯著某人看 時(shí)用作及物動(dòng)詞， 如：The little boy looked me in the face. （小男孩直盯著我的臉。）5、

4、wind和wound：wind意為蜿蜒而行，其過去式與過去分詞都是 wound，而動(dòng)詞原形wound意為傷害，其過去式、過去分詞都是 wounded。6、hang的用法：hang有兩個(gè)意思：一為懸掛，是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，過去 式、過去分詞都是hung；二為絞刑，是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，其過去式、過 去分詞都是hanged。 7、hear的過去分詞born與borne：bear作為出生講有兩個(gè)過去分詞 born，borne。只有當(dāng)be+born短語后沒有by介詞短語時(shí)，才可用 born。 如:He was born in Shanghai. 而作它用時(shí)要用borne。 She has borne five chi

5、ldren. 但如果作忍受講，則一律用borne。 8、sit與seat：seat為及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)是作容納講，sit只是表示一動(dòng)作。 seat如果表示就座時(shí)要用be seated。 如：They were seated at their desks. 或用seat oneself, 比如:I seated myself in the armchair. 9、borrow, lend與keep：借入英文中用borrow，借出用lend，但這兩 個(gè)詞都是截止性動(dòng)詞或瞬間動(dòng)詞，不能用于長時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，所以我 能借多久應(yīng)用keep。 10、win與beat：win作勝、贏講時(shí)其后應(yīng)接，a game, an

6、argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, a bet，但不能接人，如 果接人則有另外的含意。如:I have won him. 即我已說服他了，我 贏得他的好感。而beat是及物動(dòng)詞為擊敗、勝過講，直接接人、隊(duì)。 11、steal與rob：steal為偷。rob為搶，其用法不同。steal其后接 物+from+某人、某地，而rob其后接人+of+搶的物品。 12、fit與suit：fit與suit均可作合適講，但英文中卻用在不同的 地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合適，而suit則多用于顏色式樣的 合適。 13、take, bring 與fet

7、ch：英文中拿三個(gè)詞，即拿來，拿去，去 然后回來(即雙程)。所以拿來，帶來是bring，拿去帶走是 take，而去取回來是fetch。 14、shut與close：shut與close有時(shí)是可以互換的，但有些地方則 不可這樣做。如:在正式場合多用close，而在命令，態(tài)度粗暴的 場合則用shut。如:Shut your mouth!(閉嘴)；又如:Shut up. 在指鐵路、公路交通關(guān)閉或停止使用的場合，則要用close。 15、answer與reply：作為回答講answer是及物動(dòng)詞，如作不及物動(dòng) 詞，則意義不同，如answer for，意為向某人或向某事負(fù)責(zé)。而 reply作回答講是不及

8、物動(dòng)詞，后跟賓語時(shí)，要加上to。 16、reach，arrive與get to：reach當(dāng)?shù)竭_(dá)講是及物動(dòng)詞，而當(dāng)延伸 和拿得到、拿不到時(shí)講，則是不及物動(dòng)詞。作到達(dá)講時(shí)還有g(shù)et to, arrive(at/in)。 17、cost，spend與take：英文中花費(fèi)有三個(gè)詞cost, spend, take， 但各有不同用法。cost作 “花費(fèi)”講，主語不能是人，而spend 的主語不能是物。如: she spent all his money on stamps.而 take作花費(fèi)講時(shí)，可用人也可用物做主語。更多的用法是用形式 主語it，如It takes me three hours to

9、 finish this work. 18、lost, gone與missing：作補(bǔ)足語時(shí)意為丟失、不見了，可以用 lost, gone，但要用 miss時(shí)則不能用missed, 而要用missing.19、have on, wear, put on及dress：作穿衣服講的動(dòng)詞分為狀態(tài)和動(dòng)作 兩種。have on與wear作穿著狀態(tài)講;但have on不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，而wear 則常要用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。put on是動(dòng)作，但dress既可用作狀態(tài)，又可用作 穿衣動(dòng)作，但用作狀態(tài)時(shí)要用其過去分詞作形容詞如:He was dressed in a b1ue suit作動(dòng)作講時(shí)，其后不要接衣物而要接反身

10、代詞或表示 人、物的名詞， 如：I dress my children in the morning every day.20、begin與start begin與Start 均可作開始講，并無多少區(qū)別，同樣可接不定式或動(dòng)名詞，但在下面的場合多要用Start：1)機(jī)器的開動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)；2)旅途的開始。 如: we shou1d have to start early because there was a lot traffic in the street。21、allow 與permit allow與permit其后直接接動(dòng)作時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞，如接人后再接動(dòng)詞則要用不定式，所以用在被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)一定要用不

11、定式。如：People are not allowed to spit.22、find與found find找到的過去式和過去分詞都是found，而found是動(dòng)詞“建立”的原形，其過去式和過去分詞是founded，founded，如：The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.23、speak, say, talk 與tell 英文中講有4個(gè)詞，speak, say, talk, tell，但其中speak, talk多用作不及物動(dòng)詞，但speak后加語言名詞時(shí)則用作及物動(dòng)詞，如：Please speak English。而say與te

12、ll是及物動(dòng)詞，其中tell常用作接雙賓語，如：Tell me a story。但也有些特定的習(xí)慣用法，如：在作講實(shí)話，講謊言，表示時(shí)間常用單賓語而不能換其它詞，如：My watch was broken. It couldnt tell time correctly。在書 信、便條、海報(bào)上寫著英文應(yīng)為It said 。在作辨別不同講時(shí)是 tell，如：Can you tell me the difference between the two？而講別人好 壞話時(shí)用speak，如：The father always speaks well of his son.。24、excuse me 與s

13、orry excuse me用于來打攏對方前以提醒對方注意的提示語，而sorry則表達(dá)因作了某事向?qū)Ψ降狼浮?5、care for 與care to do care for其后要接不定式時(shí)則要省去for或換用名詞， 如：Would you care for a cup of tea？但care for作照顧講時(shí)與 look after相同。26、與名詞易混的動(dòng)詞有：advise(v.), advice (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(

14、n.); choose(v.), choice(n.); succeed(v.), success(n.); 27、意義相近的動(dòng)詞：ring搖鈴，打鈴，電話鈴響，strike專指敲鐘， 打幾點(diǎn)，撞擊；suggest提出實(shí)驗(yàn)性或推測性的建議，advice表示 對經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足人的一種忠告；look由視覺得出的印象，seem暗示一定 根據(jù)的判定，appear外表印象而實(shí)際或結(jié)果并非如此；stay停留， 逗留，remain遺物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；discover（發(fā) 現(xiàn)）找到早已存在但未被人所了解的東西，invent（發(fā)明）研制出 不存在的東西；remember記憶起以前經(jīng)歷或知道的事，remi

15、nd提醒 某人做某事。28、動(dòng)詞 + 副詞 + 介詞：catch up with, look forward to, come up with, keep up with, go in for, look down on, get on with 29、動(dòng)詞 + 介詞to的詞組有：come to, stick to, object to, agree to, turn to, attend to, belong to, devote to, reply to 30、與in相結(jié)合的動(dòng)詞有：give in, hand in, bring in, drop in, succeed in, take

16、in, check in, engage in, fill in, trade in （二）動(dòng)詞短語二）動(dòng)詞短語 動(dòng)詞短語是指動(dòng)詞和介詞、副詞或名詞的習(xí)慣搭配。有關(guān)動(dòng)詞短語的測試點(diǎn)主要涉及結(jié)構(gòu)上選用恰當(dāng)?shù)拇钆湓~，不同搭配含意上的辨異及不同短語的辨異。需掌握以下要點(diǎn)：1、根據(jù)動(dòng)詞短語的不同特點(diǎn)，掌握其運(yùn)用規(guī)律。 (I)動(dòng)詞+副詞(不及物) Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left. 晚 會后，人們都已離去，哈里出現(xiàn)了。 (2)動(dòng)詞+副詞(及物) Please turn every light in the house off.

17、請把房子里的每一 盞燈都關(guān)掉。注意：如果賓語較長，就應(yīng)避免把副詞同動(dòng)詞分開。如：She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她關(guān)掉了所有還在亮著 的燈。如果賓語是人稱代詞，只能放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間。如：She gave them away. 她送掉了它們。(3)動(dòng)詞+介詞(及物) Im looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼鏡。 注意： 當(dāng)它跟賓語時(shí)，不能把介詞放在賓語后面。動(dòng)詞短語可以放在句 子或從句末尾。如：Shes got more work than she can cope with. 她的工作多得使

18、她應(yīng)付不了。(4)動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞 I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就見到你。 注：“動(dòng)詞+介詞”、“動(dòng)詞+名詞+副詞”、“動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞”，這三種搭配都是及物的，如變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)，不可漏掉介詞。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after) 這樣一來，糧食和蔬菜都能兼顧了。2、熟悉同一動(dòng)詞和不同介詞或副詞、不同的動(dòng)詞和同一介詞或同一副 詞搭配在意義上的差異。(1)同一動(dòng)詞和不同介詞搭配時(shí)，意義上的差異。 如：hear from收到的來信，hea

19、r of聽說。 look after照料，look at看，look for尋找。(2)同一動(dòng)詞和不同副詞搭配時(shí)，意義上的差異。 如：ring back回電話, ring off掛斷電話, ring up打電話 put away放好, put on穿，上演, put up掛起，舉起。(3)不同動(dòng)詞和同一介詞搭配時(shí)，在意義上的差異。如：look for尋找, call for去取(某物)，去接(某人), ask for請求, wait for等候, send for派人去叫。(4)不同動(dòng)詞和同一副詞搭配時(shí)，在意義上的差異。 如：break out發(fā)生，爆炸, carry out進(jìn)行，開展, go

20、 out熄滅, hand out分發(fā), let out放出, look out當(dāng)心, sell out賣完, set out出發(fā), take out取出, work out算出。 break down出毛病, come down落下來, get down下車, take down取下, write down寫下。1.I can hardly _ the difference between the two words.A. point B.speak C.say2.I _ you will write me back soon.A. wish C.want D.need3.I asked hi

21、m to _ me a few minutes so that I could have a word with him.A. spend C.save D. share4. Father will not _ us to touch anything in his room when he is away.A. have B.let C. agree5.I learned to _ a bicycle as a small boy. B. drive C. operate D.run答案D.tell B.hope B. spareD. allowA. ride6.I can _ you to

22、 the railway station in my car.A. send B.pick D.take7.If no one _ the phone at home, ring me at work. B. returns C. replies D. receives8.1 dont know the restaurant, but its_ to be quite a good one. B.told C.spoken D.talked9. These boxes are too heavy for your mother, youd better_ them for her.A. bri

23、ng C.take D. fetch10. There was a fight in the street yesterday. Three people were seriously _. B. killed C. broken D.cut答案C.rideA. answersA.saidB. carryA. hurt11. Careless driving _ a lot of highway accidents.A. affects B. gives D. results12. Ive_my umbrella in the office and Ill have to fetch it.A

24、. forgot C. remained D.lost13 .The doctor says a few days rest in a quiet place will _ you a lot of good.A. make C.give D.get14. His heart _ fast when the teacher asked him a difficult question. B.hit C. jumped D.ran15. The cooking chicken _ very good. B. feels C. sounds D. tastesC. causesB.leftB.do

25、A. beatA. smells答案16. Most children stay at home until they _ school age.A. get B.come D. arrive17. A single mistake here could _ you your life.A. pay B.take C. spend18. The boy works hard. I_ him to succeed in the exam.A. like C. think D.need19. We _ each other the best of luck in the examination.A

26、. hoped B. wanted C. expected20. Im afraid Mr Brown isnt in. Would you like to_a message?A.give C.carry D.takeC. reachD.costB. expectD. wishedB.leave答案21. Do you know the girl _ a red coat? B. had on C. wore D. put on22. The assistant suggested Mary _ the blue skirt. B. bought C. to buy D. could buy

27、23. Our teacher suggested Wang Lin _ to America for further study.A. should send B. would be sent C. sending24. Old Mr Jackson insisted _ to the Friendship Hospital.B. to send C. on sending D. being sent25. The father insisted that their son Tom _ clever enough to study music.A. be B. should be D. w

28、ould be答案A. dressed inA. buyingD.be sentA. on being sent C.was 26.I _ the television set for 1,500 yuan. B.paid C.cost D. spent27.I _ play football than basketball. B. had better C. like better D. prefer28. - What are you doing? - Im looking_ the children. They should be back for lunch now.A.after B

29、.at D.up29. The sports meet will be _ till next week because of the bad weather. B. put away C. put up D. put down30.I really dont want to go to the party, but I dont see how I can _ it.A. get back from C. get away D. get offA. boughtA. would ratherC.forA. put offB. get out of答案31. Readers can _ qui

30、te well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.A. get over B. get in D. get through32. Many foreigners _ the Great Wall as the Worlds Seventh Wonder.A. look at B. look for C. look around33.1 can t hear clearly. Please _ the radio _ a little.A.tum;on B.tum;off D.tum;up34. Thirty people were e

31、xpected, but only twenty - four _.A. turned in C. turned to D. turn up35. The child is running a high fever. We must_ a doctor at once.A. send in B. send out D. send upC; get alongD. look onC.tum;downB. turned upC. send for答案36. Im going to a pop concert with Tom. Hell _ me at eight and well go ther

32、e togethe; B. call in C. call on D. call up37. It is often easier to make plans than it is to _.carry on them B. carry out them C. carry them on38. Your composition must be _ after class.A. handed to B. handed out D. handed over39. A new school was _ in the village last year.A. held up C. sent up D. brought up40. - When did the plane _? -At 2 oclock. B. take up C. take away D. take placeA. call forD. carry them outC. handed inB. set upA. take off答案41. _! Theres danger ahead.A. Look at B.Look up