項目質(zhì)量管理--中英文對照

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上項目質(zhì)量管理（中英文對照）Project Quality Management includes the processes required to ensure that the project will satisfy the needs for which it was undertaken. It includes “all activities of the overall management function that determine the quality policy, objectives, and responsibilities and i

2、mplements them by means such as quality planning, quality control, quality assurance, and quality improvement, within the quality system”. Figure 8-l provides an overview of the following major project quality management processes:項目質(zhì)量管理包括項目滿足其需求所需的過程。它包括“確定質(zhì)量方針、目標和職責并在質(zhì)量體系中通過諸如質(zhì)量計劃、質(zhì)量保證和質(zhì)量改進等方法實施的整

3、個管理職能的全部活動”。圖8-1為項目質(zhì)量管理過程提供了一個概述：8.l Quality Planningidentifying which quality standards are relevant to the project and determining how to satisfy them.質(zhì)量計劃確定項目相關(guān)的質(zhì)量標準并決定如何滿足它們。8.2 Quality Assuranceevaluating overall project performance on a regular basis to provide confidence that the project will

4、 satisfy the relevant quality standards.質(zhì)量保證定期評價整個項目的執(zhí)行情況，提供項目滿足相關(guān)質(zhì)量標準的信心。8.3 Quality Controlmonitoring specific project results to determine if they comply with relevant quality standards and identifying ways to eliminate causes of unsatisfactory performance.質(zhì)量控制監(jiān)控具體的項目結(jié)果，確定其是否滿足相關(guān)的質(zhì)量標準，確定消除導致不滿意執(zhí)行

5、情況原因的方法。 These processes interact with each other and with the processes in the other knowledge areas as well. Each process may involve effort from one or more individuals or groups of individuals based on the needs of the project. Each process generally occurs at least once in every project phase.這

6、些過程相互之間以及同其它知識領域的過程交互作用。每個過程包含了基于項目需求的個人或集體的努力。每個過程在每個項目階段一般至少發(fā)生一次。Although the processes are presented here as discrete elements with well-defined interfaces, in practice they may overlap and interact in ways not detailed here. Process interactions are discussed 1n detail in Chapter 3, Project Mana

7、gement Processes.盡管這里描述的過程有定義很好的接口，并且是獨立、離散的要素，實際上它們以這里未描述的方式重疊和交互作用。第3章中詳細討論過程的交互作用。The basic approach to quality management described in this section is intended to be compatible with that of the international Organization for Standardization (ISO) as detailed in the ISO 9000 and 10000 series of s

8、tandards and guidelines. This generalized approach should also be compatible with (a) proprietary approaches to quality management such as those recommended by Deming, Juran, Crosby, and others, and (b) non-proprietary approaches such as Total Quality Management (TQM), Continuous Improvement, and ot

9、hers.本部分描述的質(zhì)量管理的基本方法同國際標準化組織（ISO）的兼容，后者以ISO9000和10000系列標準和指南形式祥述。這個普遍的方法同樣也兼容于(a)質(zhì)量管理的專利方法，例如Deming, Juran, Crosby以及其它人推薦的一些方法，(b)非專利方法，例如全面質(zhì)量管理（TQM）、持續(xù)改進等。Project quality management must address both the management of the project and the product of the project. Failure to meet quality requirements

10、in either dimension can have serious negative consequences for any or all of the project Stakeholders. For example:項目質(zhì)量管理必須涉及項目管理和項目產(chǎn)品這兩個部分。如任何一個沒有滿足項目利害關(guān)系者的要求均會造成嚴重的消極后果。例如：· Meeting customer requirements by overworking the project team may produce negative consequences in the form of increase

11、d employee turnover.通過讓項目隊伍加班來達到顧客要求可能以增加雇員更新的形式產(chǎn)生消極后果。· Meeting project schedule objectives by rushing planned quality inspections may produce negative consequences when errors go undetected.通過使用計劃的突擊質(zhì)量檢查方式來達到項目進度目標可能在錯誤沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn)的情況下產(chǎn)生消極后果。 Quality is “the totality of characteristics of an entity

12、that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs”. A critical aspect of quality management in the project context is the necessity to turn implied needs into stated needs through project scope management, which is described in Chapter 5.質(zhì)量是：“反映一個實體滿足明確和隱含需要能力的特征的總和”。在項目領域內(nèi)，質(zhì)量項目的一個關(guān)鍵方面是通過項

13、目范圍管理（第5章）把隱含的需要轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槊鞔_的需要。The project management team must be careful not to confuse qua1ity with grade. Grade is “a category or rank given to cntities having the same functional use but different requirements for quality”. Low quality is always a problem; low grade may not be. For example, a softwar

14、e product may be of high quality (no obvious bugs, readable manual) and low grade (a limited number of features), or of low quality (many bugs, poorly organized user documentation) and high grade (numerous features). Determining and delivering the required levels of both quality and grade are the re

15、sponsibilities of the project manager and the project management team.項目管理隊伍必須注意不能將質(zhì)量同等級混淆。等級是“對功能用途相同但質(zhì)量要求不同的實體所作的分類和排序”。質(zhì)量低常成為一個問題，但等級低則不是。例如，一個軟件產(chǎn)品可能是高質(zhì)量（無明顯錯誤，可讀性好的用戶手冊）和低等級的（有限的功能），或者低質(zhì)量（有許多錯誤，組織得很差的用戶手冊）和高等級的（許多功能）。確定和傳達所需的質(zhì)量及等級水平是項目經(jīng)理和項目管理隊伍的責任。The project management team should also be aware

16、 that modern quality management complements modern project management. For example, both disciplines recognize the importance of:項目管理隊伍同樣必須清晰現(xiàn)代質(zhì)量管理是對現(xiàn)代項目管理的補充，兩者均承認下面內(nèi)容的重要性：· Customer satisfactionunderstanding, managing, and influencing needs so that customer expectations are met or exceeded. T

17、his requires a combination of conformance to specifications (the project must produce what it said it wou1d produce) and fitness for use (the product or service produced must satisfy real needs).顧客滿意理解、管理和影響需求從而達到或超過顧客的期望。這需要符合規(guī)范（項目必須生產(chǎn)出其承諾的產(chǎn)品）和適合使用（產(chǎn)品或服務必須滿足實際需要）的組合。· Prevention over inspectio

18、nthe cost of avoiding mistakes is always much less than the cost of correcting them.防止跳過檢查避免錯誤的費用總是大大小于糾正錯誤的費用。· Management responsibilitysuccess requires the participation of all members of the team, but it remains the responsibility of management to provide the resources needed to succeed.管理職

19、責成功需要隊伍所有成員的參與，但提供成功所需資源是管理的職責。· Processes within phasesthe repeated plan-do-check-act cycle described by Deming and others is highly similar to the combination of phases and processes discussed in Chapter 3, Project Management Processes.階段內(nèi)過程Deming描述的“計劃-執(zhí)行-檢查-措施”（PDCA）循環(huán)以及類似于第3章（項目管理過程）描述的階段和過程的組合。 In addition, quality improvement initiatives undertaken by the performing organi