動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,助動(dòng)詞

1、常用時(shí)態(tài)1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)2、一般過去時(shí)3、一般將來時(shí)4、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)5、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)6、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)7、過去完成時(shí)8、過去將來時(shí)9、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來時(shí)will或shall加動(dòng)詞原形will用于第一、二、三人稱，shall用于第一人稱這種將來意義帶有說話人的主觀態(tài)度和做法表預(yù)見we shall know the result next week.即表將來也有意愿I will do it,if you like.be going to加動(dòng)詞原形be加doingbe to加動(dòng)詞原形過去將來時(shí)should或would加動(dòng)詞原形He said that he would wait for uswas或we

2、re going to加動(dòng)詞原形was或were加doingwas或were加to do時(shí)態(tài)一般過去時(shí)：發(fā)生在過去的某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)形式：動(dòng)詞過去式例句：1.I met her yesterday. 2.She was very tired last night.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：形式：have/has +done(動(dòng)詞過去分詞)1.表示過去發(fā)生的對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響的動(dòng)作。例句：I have seen the film many times.2.表示過去某時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。例句：He has lived here since 2000.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.was/were doing(過去某一時(shí)刻或某

3、個(gè)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作)eg.she was working at a radio shop at the time.2.was/were going to do （表示過去未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的計(jì)劃或打算）過去完成時(shí)1.had+done（動(dòng)詞的過去分詞）表示過去某一時(shí)間已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，常與by before until when 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用eg.That dinner was the most expensive meal i had never had .2.plan,hope,want,expectet等用過去完成時(shí)可表示本來計(jì)劃或打算，希望做某事而未做eg.we had expected

4、you back much earlier.3.在hardly/scarcely.when和no sooner .than（剛一就)句型中，主句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。eg.hardly had he left when the telephone rang.過去完成時(shí)是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)“過去的過去”它的時(shí)間比它更早一些，例如造句，在我到教室之前，我已經(jīng)吃過飯了。I had already had breakfast before i arrived at the hotel.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，是英語中，動(dòng)詞的一種基本時(shí)態(tài)，其構(gòu)成為：主語+助動(dòng)詞（have/has）+been+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分

5、詞+其他成分表示動(dòng)作從某一時(shí)間開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或者剛剛終止，或者可能仍然要繼續(xù)下去。（與since，for連用時(shí)，要用連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，不可用瞬間動(dòng)詞，但連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞常常表示動(dòng)作會(huì)進(jìn)行下去）也可以表示某種經(jīng)歷。構(gòu)成形式 I / we / they have been + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞He / she / it has been + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞標(biāo)志:1.句中常有延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞1，2.時(shí)間點(diǎn)前有since。1） 表示一個(gè)在過去開始而在最近剛剛結(jié)束的行動(dòng)，如：Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.Why are your clothes so di

6、rty? 2) 表示一個(gè)從過去開始但仍在進(jìn)行的行動(dòng)，如：It has been raining for two hours. (現(xiàn)在還在下)Jack has been feeling very well recently.3) 表示一個(gè)從過去開始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可以包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一個(gè)階段內(nèi)，重復(fù)發(fā)生的行動(dòng)，如：She has been playing tennis since she was eight.4) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作行為的結(jié)果、影響，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作行為本身，如：Toms hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.

7、The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.有些現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。They have been living in this city for ten years.They have lived in this city for ten years.他們?cè)谶@個(gè)城市已經(jīng)住了10年了。（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去）I have been working here for five years.I have worked here for five years.我在這里已經(jīng)工作五年了。（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去）大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子不

8、等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。I have been writing a book.（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去）我一直在寫一本書。I have written a book.（動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成）我已經(jīng)寫了一本書。They have been building a bridge.他們一直在造一座橋。（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去）They have built a bridge.他們?cè)炝艘蛔鶚?。（?dòng)作已經(jīng)完成）表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。I have known him for years.我認(rèn)識(shí)他已經(jīng)好幾年了。* I have been knowing.這類不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞還有：love愛，like喜

9、歡，hate討厭，think想等等。動(dòng)詞的基本分類一系動(dòng)詞二情態(tài)動(dòng)詞三助動(dòng)詞四實(shí)義動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞，亦稱連系動(dòng)詞（Link Verb）。作為系動(dòng)詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)用作謂語，后邊必須跟表語，亦稱補(bǔ)語（形容詞），構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。常見詞am,is,are等基本用法不能單獨(dú)用作謂語，必須跟表語系動(dòng)詞的功能主要是把表語（名詞、形容詞、某些副詞、非謂詞、介詞短語、從句）和它的主語聯(lián)系在一起，說明主語的屬性、特征或狀態(tài)。它有自己的但不完全的詞義，不能在句中獨(dú)立作謂語，必須和后面的表語一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語。它雖是虛詞，但是其用法是復(fù)雜的，而且不可忽視。許多英語初學(xué)者會(huì)因此

10、出現(xiàn)這樣那樣的錯(cuò)誤，然而許多語法書卻沒作專門系統(tǒng)的介紹。因此，我們有必要小結(jié)一下英語系動(dòng)詞用法，以便大家參考。我想從以下四個(gè)方面歸納一下英語系動(dòng)詞的用法：I、常見系動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤及其成因；II、系動(dòng)詞分類；III、系動(dòng)詞用法應(yīng)注意的8個(gè)問題；IV、系動(dòng)詞與高考及其練習(xí)。1.be是最重要的系動(dòng)詞，主語不同，be的形式也不同，且有時(shí)態(tài)的變化。通常表示主語的特征、狀態(tài)和身份等，后面接形容詞、副詞、名詞、介詞短語、不定式、v-ing、過去分詞及表語從句作表語。3. 要注意系動(dòng)詞的固定搭配。常見的有come true, fall asleep, fall ill, gobad, come right, run

11、 wild, wear thin, turn nasty等。1. What Mr Whitesaidsounds_. A. friendly B. wonderfully C. pleasantly D. nicely2. The poorboy_ blind at the age of three.A.turned B. goes C. became D. went3. When he was a child he_ . A. grew patience B. was alive C.ranwild D. came true4以她的年齡而言，她看起來很年輕51995年，我哥哥成了一名解放軍戰(zhàn)

12、士情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測 可能性由強(qiáng)到弱:mightmaycouldcanshould ought towouldwillmust表許可表義務(wù)與責(zé)任用法can/couldmay/mightmust/have toshall/should和ought towill/wouldneed,darecan/couldcan/could的各種形式如下表:may/mightmay/might的各種形式如下表:must/have to1.表義務(wù)must多表示依談話人或聽話人而定的義務(wù);have to多表示來自“外界”的義務(wù)2.在否定句中，must表示禁止3.表推論在肯定句中must表示對(duì)一件事有把握;在否定句或疑問

13、句中，要用cant和can代替shall/should和ought to1shall用于征求對(duì)方的意見例：Shall I change into the evening drass for you party?表示許諾、警告等例：You shall be punished for what youve done.2ought to 表示職責(zé)、義務(wù)或要求，以及人們要去做的正確的事或好事3、should表示征求意見例：Li ming asked if he should get his visa.表示職責(zé)、義務(wù)等例：I think todays children should really lea

14、rn to respect their elders.表示可能性例：She should be here at any moment.表示要求對(duì)方給自己提出意見或用來提供幫助、提出建議例：Should I help you with the community affairs?should have done：“本該”例：You shouldnt have been so careless in the exam.助動(dòng)詞定義:協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞的詞叫助動(dòng)詞，被協(xié)助的詞叫主要?jiǎng)釉~。特點(diǎn):助動(dòng)詞自身沒有詞義，不可單獨(dú)使用。功能:表示時(shí)態(tài)；表示語態(tài)；構(gòu)成疑問句；與否定詞not合用構(gòu)成否定句； 加強(qiáng)語氣。助動(dòng)詞一般有do,does,did;am,is,are;shall,will;have,has等用法:do,does,did:用于疑問句;用于陳述句中加動(dòng)詞原形表示強(qiáng)調(diào) eg:Do you want some cookies? The awful accident did occur in the street.do也可以構(gòu)成否定祈使句 eg:Dont go there.shall,will:與動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成一般將來時(shí) eg:I shall study harder at English. It will rai