初三英語語法代詞

1、初三英語語法代詞代詞的分類代詞的分類 英語中代詞分為八種： 人稱代詞、 物主代詞、 反身代詞、 指示代詞、 關(guān)系代詞、 疑問代詞、 連接代詞、 不定代詞、 人稱代詞人稱代詞 定義：人稱代詞代替人和事物的名稱, 形式有兩種： 主格 賓格第一人第一人第二第二人人第三人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)第一第一人人稱稱復(fù)復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)第二人第二人稱稱復(fù)復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)第三第三人人稱稱復(fù)復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)稱單數(shù)稱單數(shù)稱單稱單數(shù)數(shù)陽性陽性陰性陰性中性中性主主Iy o u (你)hesheitweyout h e y ( 他們 ,她們 ,它們)格格(我)(他)(她)(它)(我們)(你們)賓賓mey o u (你)himheritusyout h e

2、m ( 他們 ,她們 ,它們)格格(我)(他)(她)(她)(我們)(你們) 主格主格用來作句子的主語、表語主語、表語。如： I I often go shopping on often go shopping on Sundays.Sundays.(星期天我常去購物) / Are / Are theythey from Brazil? from Brazil?(他們是巴西人嗎？) / Where have/ Where have they they gone?gone?(他們上哪兒去了？) / Thats / Thats it.it.(就那么回事) / / Its Its hehe! !(是他

3、！) 賓格賓格用來作及物動詞或者介詞的賓語賓語。如：Who teaches Who teaches youyou English English this year?this year?(今年誰教你們的英語？) / / Help Help meme! !(救救我！) / We often / We often write letters to write letters to her her. .(我們常給他寫信) 人稱代詞人稱代詞作表語或者放在比較狀語從句連詞than或as之后時,可以用主格形式,也可以用賓格形式,口語中大多用賓格。如：-Who is it?-Who is it?(是誰？)

4、Its Its I/meI/me. .(是我。)三個不同人稱同時出現(xiàn),或者主語中包含“我”時,按照“youheI”的順序表達(dá)。如：Both Both hehe and and I I are working at are working at that computer companythat computer company.(我和他都在那家電腦公司上班) Who will Who will go therego there?(誰要去那兒？) YouYou and and meme.(你和我)人稱代詞it it除了可以指人指物之外,還可以表示“時間、天氣、溫度、距離、情況”等含義,此外還可以

5、作“非人稱代詞”使用,替代作主語或者賓語的不定式、動名詞或者名詞性從句。如：- -Whats the weather like today?Whats the weather like today?(今天天氣怎樣？)ItIts fine.s fine.(天氣晴好) / -Whats the / -Whats the time?time?(幾點啦？) ItIts 12s 12：00.00.(12點) / / ItIts a s a long way to go.long way to go.(那可要走好長的路) / / ItIt took him three daystook him three

6、 days to clean his to clean his househouse. .(打掃屋子花了他三天的時間) / / ItIt is is very clear very clear that the public want to that the public want to know when these men can go into know when these men can go into spacespace. .(很顯然,公眾想知道這些人什么時候能進(jìn)入太空) / We found / We found it it very difficult very diffic

7、ult to to learn a foreign language welllearn a foreign language well.(我們發(fā)覺要學(xué)好一門外語是非常困難的)物主代詞物主代詞 說明事物所屬關(guān)系的代詞,分為形容詞性和名詞性兩種。 第一人第一人第二人第二人第三人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)第一人第一人稱稱復(fù)復(fù) 數(shù)數(shù)第二人第二人稱稱復(fù)復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)第三人第三人稱稱復(fù)復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)稱單數(shù)稱單數(shù)稱單數(shù)稱單數(shù)陽性陽性陰性陰性中性中性形容形容myyourhisheritsouryourtheir (他們的,她們的,它們的)詞性詞性(我的)(你的)(他的)(她的)(它的)(我們的)(你們的)名詞名詞mineYours

8、hishersitsoursyourstheirs(他們的,她們的,它們的)性性(我的)(你的)(他的)(她的)(她的)(我們的)(你們的) 1 1、形容詞性物主代詞、形容詞性物主代詞只能作句子中名詞的修飾語,后面要跟名詞。如：Is that Is that youryour umbrella? umbrella?(那是你的傘嗎？) / I often go / I often go to see to see mymy aunt on Sundays. aunt on Sundays.(我經(jīng)常在星期天去看望阿姨) / They are / They are their their books

9、 books.(是他們的書) 2 2、名詞性物主代詞、名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于名詞,既代替事物又表明所屬關(guān)系,在句子中往往獨立地作主語、賓語或者表語,后面千萬不可以千萬不可以跟名詞。如：This is your cup,but where isThis is your cup,but where is mine mine? ?(這是你的杯子,可我的在哪兒？) / Your classroom is very big, but / Your classroom is very big, but oursours is rather small is rather small.(你們的教室很大,我們的

10、相當(dāng)小) 3 3、“of of + 名詞性物主代詞”稱為雙重所有格,作定語時放在名詞的后面。如：A friendA friend of mine of mine came to see me yesterday came to see me yesterday.(我的一個朋友昨天來看我了) (指若干朋友中有一個來看我。) 試比較試比較 MyMy friend came to see me yesterday friend came to see me yesterday.(我的朋友昨天來看我了)(指我的那個特定的朋友來看我。)反身代詞反身代詞 表示謂語的動作與主語有關(guān)或者賓語補足語的動作與賓語

11、有關(guān)。 第一人第一人第二人第二人第三人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)第 一 人第 一 人稱稱復(fù)復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)第 二 人第 二 人稱稱復(fù)復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)第 三 人第 三 人稱稱復(fù)復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)稱單數(shù)稱單數(shù)稱單數(shù)稱單數(shù)陽性陽性陰性陰性中性中性myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselv e s ( 他他們們 /她她們們 /它它們們自自己己)(我自己我自己) (你自己你自己) (他自己他自己) (她自己她自己) (它自己它自己) (我們自我們自己己)(你們自你們自己己) 1、反身代詞反身代詞在句子中作賓語表示反射(指一個動作回到該動作執(zhí)行者本身)。 如：Don

12、t play with the knife, you Dont play with the knife, you might hurt might hurt yourselfyourself. .(不要玩刀子,那會割傷你的) 2、在句子中作同位語表示強調(diào)(即用來強調(diào)名詞或代詞的語氣)。 如：The storyThe story itself itself is good. Only he is good. Only he didnt tell it well.didnt tell it well.(故事本身是好的,只是他沒有講好)指示代詞指示代詞指示說明近處或者遠(yuǎn)處、上文或者下文、以前或者現(xiàn)在

13、的人或事物。單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)含義this(這個)these(這些)指較近的人和物that(那個)those(那些)指較遠(yuǎn)的人和物such (這樣的人/物)指上文提過的人和物same (同樣的人/物)指和上文提過的相同的人和物it (這人/這物)指不太清楚是誰或者是什么時 指示代詞既可以單獨使用做句子的主語、賓語或表語,也可以作定語修飾名詞。如：WhatsWhats this this? ?(這是什么？) / / That That model model plane is made of plastic.plane is made of plastic.(那只模型飛機是塑料做的)(被動句) / Rem

14、ember never / Remember never to do to do suchsuch things. things.(記得永遠(yuǎn)不要做這樣的事情) / Do the / Do the same same as the teacher as the teacher tells you. tells you. (按老師說的做)/ -Who is / -Who is it it? ?(是誰？) - -ItIts me!s me!(是我！)關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的代詞叫關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞,參見后面的定語從句。 1、關(guān)系代詞who who 、whichwhich、 that tha

15、t 、whom whom 等,將定語從句和主句連接起來。英語中的關(guān)系代詞一方面在從句中擔(dān)任一定的成分,另一方面又起連接作用。 如：The student The student who is drawing a picture who is drawing a picture is in Grade One.is in Grade One.(正在畫畫的學(xué)生是一年級的) 2、關(guān)系代詞who / whomwho / whom指人,如果作從句的賓語,則有時省略。 如：Do you know the man Do you know the man who is wearing who is weari

16、ng a red hata red hat? (你認(rèn)識那個戴著紅帽子的男人嗎？) 3、關(guān)系代詞whichwhich 指物,如果作從句的賓語,則有時省略。如：Have you found the Have you found the bookbook which you lost several days which you lost several days agoago? ?(你找到幾天前丟失的那本書了嗎？) 4、關(guān)系代詞thatthat既可指人也可指物,如果作從句的賓語,則有時省略。如：Can you see Can you see the man/dogthe man/dog that

17、is running along that is running along the river bankthe river bank ?(你看得見順著河跑的男人/狗了嗎？)連接代詞連接代詞 用來引導(dǎo)用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句、主語從句或表語從句的連接詞稱的連接詞稱連接代詞。 英語中連接代詞主要有：whatwhat( (什什么么) ),who,who( (誰誰) ),whom,whom( (誰誰) ),which,which( (哪哪個個) ),whose,whose( (誰的誰的) )。詳見相應(yīng)從句。不定代詞不定代詞 代替或修飾不特指的人或事物的代詞叫不定代詞。 單數(shù)單數(shù)someno/eachonee

18、ither,sothe other,復(fù)合不含義含義anynone(every)neitheranother定代詞不可不可數(shù)數(shù)muchlittle,all/the others/含義含義a little復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)manyfew,onesbothothers,含義含義a few復(fù)合不定代詞復(fù)合不定代詞有12個：somethingsomething(某事), someone, someone(某人), , somebodysomebody(某人), anything, anything(任何事), anyone, anyone(任何人), anybody, anybody(任何人), nothing,

19、 nothing(沒事),nobody,nobody(沒有人), no one, no one(沒有人), everything, everything(一切), , everyoneeveryone(每個人), everybody, everybody(每個人). . (1)(1)somesome和 any any 的用法：somesome一般用于肯定句中,意思是“幾個”、“一些”、“某個”作定語時可修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。如：I have I have somesome work to do today. work to do today. (今天我有些事情要做)/ They will

20、go there / They will go there somesome day day.(他們有朝一日會去那兒) some some 用于疑問句時,表示建議、請求或希望得到肯定回答。如：Would Would you like you like somesome coffee with sugar coffee with sugar?(你要加糖的咖啡嗎？)any any 一般用于疑問句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一個”,作定語時可修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。如：They didnt have They didnt have any any friends here. friends

21、here. (他們在這里沒有朋友)/ Have you got/ Have you got any any questions to ask?questions to ask?(你有問題要問嗎？)any any 用于肯定句時,意思是“任何的”。Come here withCome here with any any friendfriend.(隨便帶什么朋友來吧。)nono和nonenone的用法： nono是形容詞,只能作定語表示,意思是“沒有”,修飾可數(shù)名詞(單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù))或不可數(shù)名詞。如：There is There is nono time left. Please hurry up.

22、time left. Please hurry up.(沒有時間了,請快點) / They had / They had nono reading books to lend reading books to lend.(他們沒有閱讀用書可以出借)nonenone只能獨立使用,在句子中可作主語、賓語和表語,意思是“沒有一個人(或事物)”,表示復(fù)數(shù)或單數(shù)。如：NoneNone of them is/are in the classroom. of them is/are in the classroom.(他們當(dāng)中沒有一個在教室里) / I have many books, / I have m

23、any books, but but nonenone is interesting is interesting.(我有很多的書,但沒有一本是有趣的) allall和bothboth的用法 allall指三者或三者以上的人或物,用來代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞；也可用來代替或修飾不可數(shù)名詞。bothboth指兩個人或物,用來代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞。allall和bothboth在句子中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等。如：I I know know allall of the four British students in their of the four British students in their

24、 school.school.(他們學(xué)校里四個英國學(xué)生我全認(rèn)識) / -Would / -Would you like this one or that one? you like this one or that one? BothBoth.(你要這個還是那個？兩個都要。)allall和bothboth既可以修飾名詞(all/both+all/both+(thethe)+名詞),也可以獨立使用,采用“all/both + of the +all/both + of the +名詞(復(fù)數(shù))”的形式,其中的ofof 可以省略。如：AllAll (of) (the) boys are (of) (

25、the) boys are naughtynaughty.(是男孩都調(diào)皮)everyevery和eacheach用法： everyevery是形容詞,只能作定語修飾單數(shù)名詞,意思是“每一個”,表示整體概念；eacheach是形容詞、代詞,可用作主語、賓語、定語等,意思是“每個”或者“各個”,表示單個概念；each可以放在名詞前,可以后跟of短語,與動詞同時出現(xiàn)時要放在“be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞”之后或者行為動詞之前everyevery和eacheach都用作單數(shù)理解,但是下文中既可以用單數(shù)的代詞(如he/him/his)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)的代詞(如they/them/their)替代。如：Ever

26、yEvery one of the one of the students in his class studies very hard.students in his class studies very hard.(他班上每個學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)都很用功) / They are very busy. / They are very busy. EachEach of them has something to do. of them has something to do.(他們很忙,人人都有事干) eithereither和neitherneither的用法： eithereither意思是“兩個中

27、間的任何一個”；neitherneither是eithereither的否定形式,意思是“兩個都不”。neitherneither和eithereither在句子中可作主語、賓語和定語等,都用作單數(shù)。如：I dont care I dont care much for what to drink. much for what to drink. EitherEither of the of the two will do.two will do. (我不介意喝些什么,兩個之中隨便哪個都行) / -Will you go there by bus / -Will you go there by

28、bus or by car? or by car? NeitherNeither. I will go there by . I will go there by train.train.(你坐公車去還是坐轎車去？一個都不坐,我坐火車去。)otherother、the otherthe other和anotheranother的用法： otherother意思是“另一”、“另一些”,有復(fù)數(shù)形式。在句子中可作主語、賓語和定語。anotheranother意思是“另外”、“又一個”,表示增加,在句中可作賓語和定語。如： Some girls are singing under the big ap

29、ple Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and tree and othersothers are sitting on the grass are sitting on the grass talkingtalking.(有些女孩在大蘋果樹下唱歌,別的就躺在草地上說話) / You have had several cakes. Do You have had several cakes. Do you really want you really want anotheranother one? one?(你已經(jīng)吃了好幾塊餅子

30、了,你真的還要一塊？) / I want / I want anotheranother four books.four books.(我還要四本書)anotheranother(另外的,再一,又一)與the the otherother(另外的一個) 主要從數(shù)量上區(qū)分,只有兩個時用the otherthe other,在原先基礎(chǔ)上增加用anotheranother。如： This is one This is one of your socks. Where isof your socks. Where is the the other other one?one?(這是你的一只襪子,還有一

31、只呢？) / I have eaten 4 cakes, / I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want but I still want anotheranother.(我已經(jīng)吃了4塊蛋糕,但是我還要以塊。)othersothers與the othersthe others的主要區(qū)別：othersothers指“剩余的人/物”(指大部分)；the othersthe others指“其余的人/物”,(指全部)。如：A few A few students are playing soccer while students are playing soccer

32、 while othersothers are watching them. are watching them.(有幾個學(xué)生在踢足球,其他一些人在觀看) / Two of the / Two of the ten boys are standing andten boys are standing and the others the others are sitting round themare sitting round them.(十個男孩中有兩個站著,其他人都圍著他們坐著。)manymany和muchmuch的用法 manymany意思是“很多”,與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)連用；muchmuc

33、h意思是“很多”,與不可數(shù)名詞連用。它們在句中可作主語、賓語和定語等。如：I I dont have dont have manymany friends here. friends here.(在這里我沒有很多的朋友。) / /ManyMany died in the died in the bus accident.bus accident.(許多人在公交車禍中喪失) / / We can learn We can learn muchmuch with the help of with the help of him.him.(在他的幫助之下我們能學(xué)到很多) manymany和muchm

34、uch一般用于否定句,肯定句中通常用a lot ofa lot of 或者lots of; many / muchlots of; many / much用于肯定句時可以在前面加上soso、veryvery或tootoo.如： There are There are a lot of a lot of people on people on the playground.the playground.(操場上有許多的人)/ / They havent got They havent got muchmuch work to do. work to do.(他們沒有多少事情可做) / There

35、 are too / There are too manymany people in the room people in the room.(房間里人太多了。)fewfew、littlelittle、a fewa few、a a littlelittle的用法 fewfew、littlelittle意思是“很少幾個”、“幾乎沒有”,有否定的意思,a fewa few、a littlea little意思是“有幾個”、“有些”,有肯定的意思 ；fewfew、a fewa few與可數(shù)名詞連用或代替可數(shù)的事物, little little、a littlea little與不可數(shù)名詞連用或代替

36、不可數(shù)的事物。它們在句中可作主語、賓語和定語。如：He is very poor and he has He is very poor and he has littlelittle money. money.(他很窮,幾乎沒有什么錢。) / Dont worry. There is / Dont worry. There is still still a littlea little time left. time left.(別著急,還有一點兒時間呢。) / In that polar region there live / In that polar region there live

37、few few people.people.(在那個極地地區(qū)幾乎不住人) / You can / You can get get a few a few sweets from himsweets from him.(你可以從他那兒弄到一些糖果)復(fù)合不定代詞復(fù)合不定代詞somebody ,something ,anything, somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybodynothing ,everything, everybody等是由some , some , any ,no ,every, any ,no ,e

38、very, 加上body, thingbody, thing 構(gòu)成的,叫做復(fù)合不定代詞,在句子中當(dāng)單數(shù)使用。somebody, something, someone somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中；anythinganything, anybody,anyone anybody,anyone一般用于疑問句、否定句和條件狀語從句中。修飾復(fù)合不定代詞的定語,應(yīng)放在它們的后面。如：Hey,Lily. There is Hey,Lily. There is someonesomeone outside the door. outside the door.(

39、嗨,麗麗,門外有人。) /Di/Di(每個人)d you meet d you meet anyoneanyone when you when you came to school last Sunday?came to school last Sunday?(上個星期天你來學(xué)校時見到什么人了嗎？)/He has He has nothingnothing muchmuch to do todayto do today.(他今天沒有多少事情做)oneone與onesones用來代替上文的一個或多個人或事物,前面可以加冠詞、形容詞、指示代詞、which等。如： Which Which jacke

40、t would you like, this jacket would you like, this oneone or that or that oneone? ?(你要哪件夾克,這件還是那件？ / I dont like the green / I dont like the green onesones. .(我不喜歡綠色的那些)soso可以代替一件事情,作句子的賓語或表語。如： I dont think I dont think soso. .(我認(rèn)為不是這樣的。) / He lost a book. / He lost a book. SoSo did I.did I.(他丟失了一本

41、書,我也是。) a lot ofa lot of、lots oflots of、a number of( /large numbers a number of( /large numbers of)of)、a great deal ofa great deal of、plenty ofplenty of的區(qū)別 五個“名詞+介詞”短語都表示“大量,許多”,a lota lot ofof(或lots oflots of)既可以修飾不可數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞名詞也可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,可以相應(yīng)地?fù)Q為muchmuch和manymany；plenty ofplenty of“足夠、大量”,既可

42、以修飾不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞也可以修飾可數(shù)可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 a number of / large a number of / large numbers ofnumbers of只可以修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式(它修飾的詞作主語時謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式)可以換為somesome、manymany、a lot ofa lot of、plenty ofplenty of。 a great deal ofa great deal of只可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞(它修飾的詞作主語時謂語用單數(shù)形式)可以換為muchmuch。 如：A lot ofA lot of people think that

43、time is people think that time is money.money.(許多的人認(rèn)為時間就是金錢。) / I / I dont have to do it in a hurry dont have to do it in a hurry because I have because I have plenty ofplenty of time. time.(我用不著趕忙,因為我有充足的時間。) / I have / I have a a number of number of letters to write today.letters to write today.(今

44、天我有好多信要寫) / I spend / I spend a great deal a great deal of of time/money on shoppingtime/money on shopping.(在購物方面我花費了大量的時間/金錢。 nonenone、no oneno one、nobodynobody的區(qū)別：no oneno one和nobodynobody都表示“沒有人”,僅指人,后面不跟ofof 短語,作主語時謂語用單數(shù)形式；nonenone表示“沒有一個人/物”,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟ofof短語,作主語時謂語可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：No oneNo one kn

45、ows how he knows how he managed to get the ticket.managed to get the ticket.(沒有人知道他是怎樣搞到那張票的) / / NobodyNobody handed handed in his/their composition(s) in his/their composition(s) yesterday.yesterday.(昨天沒有一個人交作文。) / / None of my friendsNone of my friends came to see me came to see me that daythat d

46、ay.(那天沒有一個朋友來看我。)相互代詞相互代詞 相互代詞：相互代詞：表示相互關(guān)系的詞叫相互代詞。each other ,one anothereach other ,one another是相互代詞相互代詞,譯成“互相”,可以通用。each othereach other表示兩者之間,而one antherone anther表示許多人之間。它們有所有格形式each others ,one anotherseach others ,one anothers。如： We must help We must help each othereach other when when we are in trouble.we are in trouble.(我們身處困境時要互相幫助。) / They sat there without / They sat there without talking to talking to one another / each one another / each other.o