專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英

1、專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英英譯漢：英譯漢：1.1.能運(yùn)用英譯漢的理論和技巧能運(yùn)用英譯漢的理論和技巧, ,翻譯英、翻譯英、美美 報(bào)刊雜志上有關(guān)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、歷報(bào)刊雜志上有關(guān)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、歷史、文化等方面的論述文章及文學(xué)原史、文化等方面的論述文章及文學(xué)原著的節(jié)錄。著的節(jié)錄。2.2.翻譯速度為每小時(shí)翻譯速度為每小時(shí)250-300250-300詞。詞。專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英漢譯英：漢譯英：1.1.能運(yùn)用漢譯英的理論和技巧，翻譯我國(guó)能運(yùn)用漢譯英的理論和技巧，翻譯我國(guó)報(bào)刊雜志上的論述和國(guó)情介紹，以及一報(bào)刊雜志上的論述和國(guó)情介紹，以及一般文學(xué)作品的節(jié)錄。般文學(xué)作品的節(jié)錄。2.2.翻譯速度為每小

2、時(shí)翻譯速度為每小時(shí)250300250300漢字。漢字。3.3.常見的文章類型：國(guó)情介紹（介紹中國(guó)常見的文章類型：國(guó)情介紹（介紹中國(guó)文化、名勝等）；文學(xué)作品（以散文、文化、名勝等）；文學(xué)作品（以散文、小說(shuō)為主）；新聞特寫、評(píng)論、政論文小說(shuō)為主）；新聞特寫、評(píng)論、政論文等；科技商貿(mào)（由于詞匯障礙，很少等；科技商貿(mào)（由于詞匯障礙，很少用）。用）。專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英 2010 2010年年: :漢譯英漢譯英: : 朋友關(guān)系朋友關(guān)系; ; 論說(shuō)文論說(shuō)文英譯漢英譯漢: : 復(fù)活節(jié)風(fēng)景描寫復(fù)活節(jié)風(fēng)景描寫; ; 描寫文描寫文 2009 2009年年漢譯英漢譯英: : 手機(jī)手機(jī); ; 論說(shuō)文論說(shuō)文英譯漢英譯

3、漢: : 環(huán)境危機(jī)環(huán)境危機(jī); ; 獲獎(jiǎng)發(fā)言獲獎(jiǎng)發(fā)言 2008 2008年年漢譯英漢譯英: :內(nèi)心世界內(nèi)心世界; ;哲理散文哲理散文英譯漢英譯漢: :婚后生活婚后生活; ;哲理散文哲理散文專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英 2007 2007年年: :漢譯英漢譯英: : 黃昏的景色描寫黃昏的景色描寫; ; 描寫文描寫文英譯漢英譯漢: : 大學(xué)與科技世界大學(xué)與科技世界; ; 論說(shuō)文論說(shuō)文 2006 2006年年漢譯英漢譯英: : 中西民族性格對(duì)比中西民族性格對(duì)比; ; 論說(shuō)論說(shuō)英譯漢英譯漢: : 丘吉爾演講丘吉爾演講; ; 演講稿演講稿 2005 2005年年漢譯英漢譯英: :人生的意義人生的意義; ;論說(shuō)文

4、論說(shuō)文英譯漢英譯漢: :書的分類及閱讀書的分類及閱讀; ;論說(shuō)文論說(shuō)文專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英 2004 2004年年: :漢譯英漢譯英: : 人際關(guān)系人際關(guān)系; ; 論說(shuō)文論說(shuō)文英譯漢英譯漢: : 內(nèi)心世界的反思內(nèi)心世界的反思; ; 論說(shuō)文論說(shuō)文 2003 2003年年漢譯英漢譯英: : 美國(guó)人性格美國(guó)人性格; ; 論說(shuō)文論說(shuō)文英譯漢英譯漢: : 在家拘禁的感想在家拘禁的感想; ; 敘述文敘述文 2002 2002年年漢譯英漢譯英: :風(fēng)俗延傳風(fēng)俗延傳; ;小品文小品文英譯漢英譯漢: :勝者與敗者勝者與敗者; ;論說(shuō)文論說(shuō)文專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英 2001 2001年年: :漢譯英漢譯英: :

5、 論釣魚論釣魚; ; 論說(shuō)文論說(shuō)文英譯漢英譯漢: : 苦中有樂(lè)苦中有樂(lè); ; 論說(shuō)文論說(shuō)文 2000 2000年年漢譯英漢譯英: : 三代博物館三代博物館; ; 說(shuō)明文說(shuō)明文英譯漢英譯漢: : 名人的早亡名人的早亡; ; 論說(shuō)文論說(shuō)文專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英1.EXCELLENT TRANSLATION(10-9) The translation faithfully reflects all the original passage with only 1 or 2 minor lexical errors. It adequately reflects the style and tone

6、of the original passage. The translation is elegant (appropriate choice of words, a variety in sentence patterns)專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英2.GOOD TRANSLATION WITH FEW INACCURACIES(87) The translation reflects almost all the original passage with relatively few significant errors in comprehending individual words,

7、phrases, sentences or ideas. The translation is readable (generally clear, smooth, cohesive)專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英3.PASSABLE TRANSLATION WITH SOME INACCURACIES (65) The translation adequately reflects most of the original passage with occasional errors in comprehending individual words, phrases, sentences or i

8、deas. The translation is, for the most part, readable.專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英4.INADEQUATE TRANSLATION WITH FREQUENT INACCURACIES (43) The translation only reflects about half of the original passage with frequent errors in comprehending individual words, phrases, sentences or ideas. The translation is, for the

9、most part, readable.專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英5.POOR TRANSLATION (2-1) The translation reflects less than half of the original passage. Almost all sentences contain errors. The translation is for the most part unreadable.專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英 (1)spelling punctuation-Run-on sentences punctuation capitalization- 專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英 (

10、2)sentence structure-grammar verb-tense voice mood or auxiliary verb verb form number- reference-專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英(1)words-wrong words no such words(2)expressions-wrong expression no such expression usage error error in collocation awkward專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英 (2)expressions-wordy repeating not clear in meaning ill

11、ogical (3)style-improperly formal improperly colloquial improperly literary專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英 error in relation or wrong connection wrong organization of the ideas wrong starting of a new paragraph abrupt in relation 專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英 (1) (1)在人際關(guān)系問(wèn)題上我們不要太浪漫主義。在人際關(guān)系問(wèn)題上我們不要太浪漫主義。(2)(2)人是很有趣的，往往在接觸一個(gè)人時(shí)首先人是很有趣的，往往在接

12、觸一個(gè)人時(shí)首先看到的都是他或她的優(yōu)點(diǎn)?？吹降亩际撬蛩膬?yōu)點(diǎn)。(3)(3)這一點(diǎn)頗像是這一點(diǎn)頗像是在餐館里用餐的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。在餐館里用餐的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。(4)(4)開始吃頭盤或冷碟開始吃頭盤或冷碟的時(shí)候，印象很好。的時(shí)候，印象很好。(5)(5)吃頭兩個(gè)主菜時(shí)，也吃頭兩個(gè)主菜時(shí)，也是贊不絕口。是贊不絕口。(6)(6)愈吃愈趨于冷靜，吃完了這愈吃愈趨于冷靜，吃完了這頓宴席，缺點(diǎn)就都找出來(lái)了。頓宴席，缺點(diǎn)就都找出來(lái)了。(7)(7)于是轉(zhuǎn)喜為于是轉(zhuǎn)喜為怒，轉(zhuǎn)贊美為責(zé)備挑剔，轉(zhuǎn)首肯為搖頭。怒，轉(zhuǎn)贊美為責(zé)備挑剔，轉(zhuǎn)首肯為搖頭。(8)(8)這是因?yàn)?，第一，開始吃的時(shí)候你正處于饑這是因?yàn)?，第一，開始吃的時(shí)候你正處于饑餓狀態(tài)

13、，而餓了吃糠甜如蜜，飽了吃蜜也不餓狀態(tài)，而餓了吃糠甜如蜜，飽了吃蜜也不甜。甜。(9)(9)第二，你初到一個(gè)餐館，開始舉筷時(shí)第二，你初到一個(gè)餐館，開始舉筷時(shí)有新鮮感，新蓋的茅房三天香，這也可以叫有新鮮感，新蓋的茅房三天香，這也可以叫做做“陌生化效應(yīng)陌生化效應(yīng)”吧。吧。 專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英(8)(8) 開始吃的時(shí)候你正處于饑餓狀態(tài)，而餓了吃開始吃的時(shí)候你正處于饑餓狀態(tài)，而餓了吃糠甜如蜜糠甜如蜜 S1 as you start eating you are in hunger, and when you are in hunger chaff tastes sweet as honey漢語(yǔ)漢語(yǔ):

14、 : 重復(fù)手段重復(fù)手段( (原詞重現(xiàn)原詞重現(xiàn)) )英語(yǔ)英語(yǔ): : 替代手段替代手段( (同一詞同一詞, ,近義詞近義詞, ,上下義詞上下義詞, ,概括詞概括詞) )專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英 那是一個(gè)寒冷潮濕的晚上那是一個(gè)寒冷潮濕的晚上,這樣的晚上大部分人待這樣的晚上大部分人待在家里。在家里。 It was one of those cold, wet evenings when most people stayed indoors. e.g. 開始吃的時(shí)候你正處于饑餓狀態(tài)，而餓了開始吃的時(shí)候你正處于饑餓狀態(tài)，而餓了吃糠甜如蜜吃糠甜如蜜 ( (參考譯文參考譯文) ) as you start ea

15、ting you are in hunger, when chaff tastes sweet as honey專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英(8)(8)而餓了吃糠甜如蜜，飽了吃蜜也不甜。而餓了吃糠甜如蜜，飽了吃蜜也不甜。S1: Even chaff tastes sweet as honey when one is hungry, whereas honey doesnt taste sweet at all when one is full.S2: For hungry ones ordinary food becomes a delicious one as if it is mixed wit

16、h honey, however when they are full, even honey will not taste so sweet.S3: The least tasteful food tastes sweet when youre hungry, while the sweetest honey tastes nothing special when youre full.( (參考譯文參考譯文) ) Husks will taste like honey when you are hungry, and vice versa.專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英 E.g.為了推動(dòng)中美關(guān)系的

17、發(fā)展為了推動(dòng)中美關(guān)系的發(fā)展,中國(guó)需要進(jìn)一中國(guó)需要進(jìn)一步了解美國(guó)步了解美國(guó),美國(guó)也需要進(jìn)一步了解中國(guó)美國(guó)也需要進(jìn)一步了解中國(guó). To promote the development of China U.S. relations, China needs to know the United States better and vice versa.專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英(7)(7)于是轉(zhuǎn)喜為怒，轉(zhuǎn)贊美為責(zé)備挑剔，轉(zhuǎn)首于是轉(zhuǎn)喜為怒，轉(zhuǎn)贊美為責(zé)備挑剔，轉(zhuǎn)首肯為搖頭?？蠟閾u頭。S1: Consequently, delight changes to anger; praise changes to

18、blame; and nodding head changes to shaking head.S2: Consequently, satisfaction is switched into anger, compliment into blame and fastidiousness, and nodding into shaking ones head.專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英 E.g. Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. (F. Bacon: Of Studies) 讀書使人

19、充實(shí)讀書使人充實(shí),討論使人機(jī)智討論使人機(jī)智,筆記使人準(zhǔn)確筆記使人準(zhǔn)確.專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英(7)(7)于是轉(zhuǎn)喜為怒，轉(zhuǎn)贊美為責(zé)備挑剔，轉(zhuǎn)首于是轉(zhuǎn)喜為怒，轉(zhuǎn)贊美為責(zé)備挑剔，轉(zhuǎn)首肯為搖頭?？蠟閾u頭。( (參考譯文參考譯文) ) Consequently, your joy would give way to anger; your praises would to criticism or even fault-finding; and your nodding in agreement to shaking the head. Pts: 英語(yǔ)常省略前面出現(xiàn)的詞英語(yǔ)常省略前面出現(xiàn)的詞; 漢語(yǔ)常重

20、復(fù)這些詞語(yǔ)漢語(yǔ)常重復(fù)這些詞語(yǔ).專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英 (4) (4)開始吃頭盤或冷碟的時(shí)候，開始吃頭盤或冷碟的時(shí)候， 印象很好。印象很好。 (5)(5)吃頭兩個(gè)主菜時(shí)，也是贊不絕口。吃頭兩個(gè)主菜時(shí)，也是贊不絕口。 (6) (6)愈吃愈趨于冷靜，吃完了這頓宴席，缺愈吃愈趨于冷靜，吃完了這頓宴席，缺點(diǎn)就都找出來(lái)了。點(diǎn)就都找出來(lái)了。 (7) (7)于是轉(zhuǎn)喜為怒，轉(zhuǎn)贊美為責(zé)備挑剔，轉(zhuǎn)于是轉(zhuǎn)喜為怒，轉(zhuǎn)贊美為責(zé)備挑剔，轉(zhuǎn)首肯為搖頭。首肯為搖頭。Subjects專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英 (4)( (4)(你你) )開始吃頭盤或冷碟的時(shí)候，開始吃頭盤或冷碟的時(shí)候， 印象很好。印象很好。 (5)(5)(你你) )

21、吃頭兩個(gè)主菜時(shí)，也是贊不絕口。吃頭兩個(gè)主菜時(shí)，也是贊不絕口。 (6)( (6)(你你) )愈吃愈趨于冷靜，愈吃愈趨于冷靜， ( (你你) )吃完了這頓宴席，吃完了這頓宴席，缺點(diǎn)就都找出來(lái)了。缺點(diǎn)就都找出來(lái)了。 (7) (7)于是于是( (你你) )轉(zhuǎn)喜為怒，轉(zhuǎn)喜為怒， ( (你你) )轉(zhuǎn)贊美為責(zé)備挑剔，轉(zhuǎn)贊美為責(zé)備挑剔， ( (你你) )轉(zhuǎn)首肯為搖頭。轉(zhuǎn)首肯為搖頭。專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英 (4) (4)開始吃頭盤或冷碟的時(shí)候，印象很好。開始吃頭盤或冷碟的時(shí)候，印象很好。 (5)(5)吃頭吃頭兩個(gè)主菜時(shí)，也是贊不絕口。兩個(gè)主菜時(shí)，也是贊不絕口。 (6)(6)愈吃愈趨于冷靜，愈吃愈趨于冷靜，吃完了

22、這頓宴席，缺點(diǎn)就都找出來(lái)了。吃完了這頓宴席，缺點(diǎn)就都找出來(lái)了。 (7)(7)于是轉(zhuǎn)于是轉(zhuǎn)喜為怒，轉(zhuǎn)贊美為責(zé)備挑剔，轉(zhuǎn)首肯為搖頭。喜為怒，轉(zhuǎn)贊美為責(zé)備挑剔，轉(zhuǎn)首肯為搖頭。S1: Starting to eat the first dish, impression is good. Its also very delicious when eating the first two main dishes. Having finished it all the disadvantages are found out. Then turn from happy to angry, praise to

23、blame, yes to no.專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英 (4) (4)開始吃頭盤或冷碟的時(shí)候，印象很好。開始吃頭盤或冷碟的時(shí)候，印象很好。 (5)(5)吃頭兩個(gè)主吃頭兩個(gè)主菜時(shí)，也是贊不絕口。菜時(shí)，也是贊不絕口。 (6)(6)愈吃愈趨于冷靜，吃完了這頓宴愈吃愈趨于冷靜，吃完了這頓宴席，缺點(diǎn)就都找出來(lái)了。席，缺點(diǎn)就都找出來(lái)了。 (7)(7)于是轉(zhuǎn)喜為怒，轉(zhuǎn)贊美為責(zé)備于是轉(zhuǎn)喜為怒，轉(zhuǎn)贊美為責(zé)備挑剔，轉(zhuǎn)首肯為搖頭。挑剔，轉(zhuǎn)首肯為搖頭。S2:When we begin with the first course or the appetizer, we are very positively imp

24、ressed. When we continue with the first two main courses, we are also full of praises for the dishes. Yet we become less and less enthusiastic as we continue to eat; and when the dinner is over, all the shortcomings have been found out. Therefore, happiness turns into anger, praises into criticism,

25、and head-nodding into head-shaking.專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英 (4) (4)開始吃頭盤或冷碟的時(shí)候，印象很好。開始吃頭盤或冷碟的時(shí)候，印象很好。 (5)(5)吃頭兩個(gè)主吃頭兩個(gè)主菜時(shí)，也是贊不絕口。菜時(shí)，也是贊不絕口。 (6)(6)愈吃愈趨于冷靜，吃完了這頓愈吃愈趨于冷靜，吃完了這頓宴席，缺點(diǎn)就都找出來(lái)了。宴席，缺點(diǎn)就都找出來(lái)了。 (7)(7)于是轉(zhuǎn)喜為怒，轉(zhuǎn)贊美為于是轉(zhuǎn)喜為怒，轉(zhuǎn)贊美為責(zé)備挑剔，轉(zhuǎn)首肯為搖頭。責(zé)備挑剔，轉(zhuǎn)首肯為搖頭。( (參考譯文參考譯文) ) You will be not only favorably impressed with the

26、first dish or cold dishes, but also profuse in praise of the first two courses. However, the more you have, the more sober you become until the dinner ends up with all the flaws exposed. Consequently, your joy would give way to anger; your praises would to criticism or even fault-finding; and your n

27、odding in agreement to shaking the head.專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英(2)(2)人是很有趣的，往往在接觸一個(gè)人時(shí)首先看到人是很有趣的，往往在接觸一個(gè)人時(shí)首先看到的都是他或她的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。的都是他或她的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。S1: Human beings are interesting. When it is the first time you meet a person, you only notice his or her merits.S2: People are interesting and get the first impression of his or her

28、merits when they communicate.專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英(2)(2)人是很有趣的，往往在接觸一個(gè)人時(shí)首先看到人是很有趣的，往往在接觸一個(gè)人時(shí)首先看到的都是他或她的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。的都是他或她的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。S3: People are very interesting, for when first meeting somebody, they usually focus on his or her strong points.S4: Human beings are very interesting in that when they get into contact with som

29、eone what they first see is often his or her good points only.專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英(2)(2)人是很有趣的，往往在接觸一個(gè)人時(shí)首先看到人是很有趣的，往往在接觸一個(gè)人時(shí)首先看到的都是他或她的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。的都是他或她的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。( (參考譯文參考譯文) ) Human beings are interesting in that they tend to first see good in a new acquaintance.專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英 (4) (4)開始吃頭盤或冷碟的時(shí)候，印象很好。開始吃頭盤或冷碟的時(shí)候，印象很好。(5)(5)

30、吃頭兩個(gè)主菜時(shí)，也是贊不絕口。吃頭兩個(gè)主菜時(shí)，也是贊不絕口。S1: When we begin with the first two course or the appetizer, we are very positively impressed. When we continue with the first two main courses, we are also full of praises for the dishes.S2: We are very impressed by the first dish or cold dishes to begin with. We woul

31、d also give endless compliments on the first two entrees. 專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英 (4) (4)開始吃頭盤或冷碟的時(shí)候，印象很好。開始吃頭盤或冷碟的時(shí)候，印象很好。(5)(5)吃頭兩個(gè)主菜時(shí)，也是贊不絕口。吃頭兩個(gè)主菜時(shí)，也是贊不絕口。S3: The first dish or cold dishes leave a good impression, and the first two main dishes are also appreciated.S: You will be not only favourbly impressed

32、 with the first dish or cold dishes, but also profuse in praise of the first two courses. 專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英 (6) (6)愈吃愈趨于冷靜，吃完了這頓宴席，愈吃愈趨于冷靜，吃完了這頓宴席，缺點(diǎn)就都找出來(lái)了。缺點(diǎn)就都找出來(lái)了。S1: Yet the more we ate, the clearer we became. And after dinner we found out all the shortcomings.S2: As the dinner goes on, people tend to

33、be calm. After finishing it, they have found out all the defects.專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英 (6) (6)愈吃愈趨于冷靜，吃完了這頓宴席，愈吃愈趨于冷靜，吃完了這頓宴席，缺點(diǎn)就都找出來(lái)了。缺點(diǎn)就都找出來(lái)了。S3: Yet the more we eat, the sober we become. Drawbacks are all found out right after the banquet.S: However, the more you have, the more sober you become until the d

34、inner ends up with all the flaws exposed.專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英范疇詞范疇詞: : 表達(dá)行為表達(dá)行為, ,現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)象, ,屬性等概念的詞屬性等概念的詞. .e.g. He was described as impressed by Dengs flexibility.譯文譯文: : 據(jù)說(shuō)他對(duì)鄧的靈活態(tài)度印象很深。據(jù)說(shuō)他對(duì)鄧的靈活態(tài)度印象很深。人際關(guān)系問(wèn)題人際關(guān)系問(wèn)題: : interpersonal relation (problem)用餐的經(jīng)驗(yàn)用餐的經(jīng)驗(yàn): : dining (experience)饑餓狀態(tài)饑餓狀態(tài): : (a state of ) hu

35、nger新鮮感新鮮感: : freshness (feeling)專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英至于才子佳人等書至于才子佳人等書As for books of the beauty-and-talented typeAnd the “boudoir romances”謀事在人謀事在人, ,成事在天成事在天Man proposes, heaven disposes.Man proposes, God disposes.世人都曉神仙好。世人都曉神仙好。All men long to be immortals.1. All men know that salvation should be won. 專業(yè)八

36、級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英譯法譯法直譯直譯意譯意譯首肯首肯noddingagreement; approval; positive view搖頭搖頭shaking ones headdisagreement; disapproval;negative view吃糠吃糠have chaff /bran, huskshave dishwater舉筷舉筷take up chopsticks to eat; begin to eat with chopsticksto take up a knife and fork; begin to eat with a knife and fork 專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英

37、餓了吃糠甜加蜜。餓了吃糠甜加蜜。1. In hunger one can taste honey in chaff.2. Hunger is the best source. 轉(zhuǎn)首肯為搖頭。轉(zhuǎn)首肯為搖頭。1.Nodding approval will give way to head-shaking.2. Agreement will give way to disagreement.3. Approval will give way to disapproval.4. Positive views will give way to negative views.專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯講解漢譯英新蓋的茅房三天香。新蓋的茅房三天香。A newly-built latrine smells sweet in the first 3 days.Fresh air doesnt last long in a new latrine.Familiarity breeds contempt.( (親不敬親不敬, ,熟生蔑