牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊一至四語(yǔ)法總結(jié)及練習(xí)

1、 牛津英語(yǔ)模塊1至模塊4語(yǔ)法總結(jié)及練習(xí)第一單元一 定語(yǔ)從句：定語(yǔ)從句的介紹1. 就像是一個(gè)形容詞或介詞短語(yǔ)修飾名詞一樣，定語(yǔ)從句也可以修飾名詞。定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞稱(chēng)為先行詞。形容詞： The green team介詞短語(yǔ)：The team in green定語(yǔ)從句：The team who were wearing green2. 定語(yǔ)從句通常由關(guān)系代詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)，如which, that, who, whom, whose,或關(guān)系副詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)，如when, where, why。關(guān)系代詞可以在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)；關(guān)系副詞可以在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。如：做主語(yǔ)The trees w

2、hich are on the school campus have lost their leaves.做賓語(yǔ)The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school.做表語(yǔ)Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.做定語(yǔ)She has a brother whose name I cant remember.做狀語(yǔ)The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.二 定語(yǔ)從句：關(guān)系代詞：that，which，who，whom

3、，和whose1. 在定語(yǔ)從句中，that和which用來(lái)指代物。eg：This is the story that /which we wrote for our storytelling contest.2. 在定語(yǔ)從句中，who 用來(lái)指代人。eg：I am going to see a friend who has just come back from the UK.3. 當(dāng)who在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以用whom來(lái)取代，且whom比who更正式。eg：I dont know the name of the teacher who/whom I saw in the computer

4、 room the other day.4. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，who，whom，which和that可以被省略。eg：He likes all the birthday presents(that/which)his friends gave him.5. Whose用來(lái)表示所屬，它既可指人也可指物。eg：I sat next to a girl whose name was Diane.The club whose members are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturday afternoon.第二單元一 定

5、語(yǔ)從句：介詞提前的定語(yǔ)從句（prepositionwhich; prepositionwhom）1. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞（which/whom）做定語(yǔ)從句中介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以把介詞提到關(guān)系代詞的前面。eg：We thought you were a person from whom we could expect good decisions.2. 在非正式英語(yǔ)中，介詞通常放在定語(yǔ)從句的最后。eg：Art is the subject which I know little about.3. 如果介詞放在定語(yǔ)從句的最后，which 可以被that取代，whom可以被that和who取代。eg：Dad

6、is a person whom/that/who I can easily talk to.4. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞做定語(yǔ)從句中介詞的賓語(yǔ)，并且介詞又放在定語(yǔ)從句的末尾時(shí)，我們通常省略關(guān)系代詞who和that。eg：The topic (which) Eric is interested in is Physics.Daniel is the person (whom) I want to make friends with.5. 當(dāng)先行詞是way時(shí)，我們用in which或that來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，這種情況下，in which或that 可以被省略。eg：I didnt like the way (

7、that /in which) she talked to me.二 定語(yǔ)從句：關(guān)系副詞：when，where，why1 我們通常用關(guān)系副詞when 引導(dǎo)先行詞是time，moment，day，season，year 等的定語(yǔ)從句。eg：Do you remember the day when we left you in charge?I often think of the moment when I saw the UFO.2 我們通常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)先行詞是place，house，city，country，city，world等的定語(yǔ)從句。eg：The police searc

8、hed the house where the thief had stayed.This is not a family where bad behavior goes unpunished.3 我們通常用關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)先行詞是reason的定語(yǔ)從句。eg：I dont know the reason why the house is so dirty.4 在更加正式的英語(yǔ)中，where，when和why能夠被介詞which 所替代。eg：The study is the place where/in which I often have talks with my father.Thi

9、s is the reason why/for which my parents got home earlier.It rained the whole day when/on which he traveled with his family.第三單元一 定語(yǔ)從句：非限制性定語(yǔ)從句1 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是一個(gè)為主句添加額外信息的從句，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句前通常有個(gè)逗號(hào)。eg：Amy, who took weight-loss pills, now realizes that health is important.My pills are in the bathroom, where I al

10、ways keep them.2 當(dāng)先行詞是整個(gè)主句時(shí)，可以用which來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。eg：He missed the show, which was a great pity.3 我們可以用allwhom/which 來(lái)表示全部數(shù)量，用some ofwhom/which來(lái)表示部分?jǐn)?shù)量。eg：I am doing different types of exercises, all of which are quite helpful to my health.Many people, some of whom are not overweight, are going on diet.定語(yǔ)從

11、句練習(xí)1. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one2. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one3. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one4. The wolves hid the

12、mselves in the places _ couldnt be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that5. The freezing point is the temperature _ water changes into ice. A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what6. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether7. Ill tell you

13、 _ he told me last week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which8. That tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old. A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which9. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what10. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were

14、 in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that11. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out. A. that againsts B. that against C. who is against D. who are against12. Didnt you see the man _?I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just

15、 now13. Is there anything _ to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs14. - “How do you like the book?” - “Its quite different from _ I read last month.” A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what15. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _ who had alr

16、eady taken them. A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others16. The train _ she was travelling was late. A. which B. where C. on which D. in that17. Its the third time _ late this month. A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that youve arrived D. when youve arrived18. May the fourth is the day _

17、we Chinese people will never forget. A. which B. when C. on which D. about which19. Is it in that factory _ “Red Flag” cars are produced? A. in which B. where C. which D. that20. He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skin. A. that B. as C. who D. what21. He has two sons, _ work as chemists.

18、 A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom22. I, _ your good friend, will try my best to help you out. A. who is B. who am C. that is D. what is23. I dont like _ you speak to her. A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which24. The two things _they felt ver

19、y proud are Jims gold watch and Dellas hair. A. about which B. of which C. in which D. for which25. Do you know which hotel _? A. she is staying B. she is staying in C. is she staying D. is she staying in26. Who can think of a situation _ this idiom can be used? A. which B. that C. where D. in that2

20、7. The astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship, _much help for knowing space.which we think it is B. which we think are of C. of which we think is D. I think which is of28. The great day we looked forward to _ at last A. come B. came C. coming D. comes29. I like the second football match _ w

21、as held last week. A. which B. who C. that D. /30. This is the very film _ Ive long wished to see. A. which B. that C. who D. whom31.The house _the capitalist used to live in is now a nursery. A. that B. where C. what D. when32.The doctor did all_ to save the wounded boy.A. what he could B. he could

22、 C. everything which he could D. for which he could do33. _you know, he is a famous musician. A. As B. which C. That D.34.He is the only one of the three_ got the new idea. A. who have B. whom have C. who has D. whose had35.This is the baby_ tomorrow. A. after whom I shall look B. whom I shall look

23、after C. whose I shall look after D. after whom I shall look after36. These students will graduate from the university next summer, _ they will have studied here for four years. A. by then B. by that time C. by what time D. by which time37. This is the house the window _ faces the south. A. of which

24、 B. which C. of it D. whose38. It is five oclock in the afternoon _ they arrived at the hotel. A. since B. before C. when D. that39. In some countries, _is called “equality” does not really mean equal rights for all people. A. which B. what C. that D. one40. - How about the games?-Very interesting,

25、and the ones _the young men competed were really exciting A. what B. for whom C. where D. in which二 附加疑問(wèn)句1 附加疑問(wèn)句是放在陳述句后面的短問(wèn)句。它們通常被用在口語(yǔ)中來(lái)引出一段對(duì)話(huà)，以一個(gè)更加禮貌的方式來(lái)詢(xún)問(wèn)信息，溫柔的發(fā)號(hào)施令或要求某人做某事。我們用附加疑問(wèn)句來(lái)詢(xún)問(wèn)意見(jiàn)或征求同意。當(dāng)我們用附加疑問(wèn)句來(lái)詢(xún)問(wèn)意見(jiàn)時(shí)，為了期待對(duì)方能同意我們的觀點(diǎn)，附加疑問(wèn)句會(huì)用降調(diào)來(lái)表達(dá)。當(dāng)我們用附加疑問(wèn)句來(lái)征求同意時(shí)，我們實(shí)際上是在詢(xún)問(wèn)我們自己也不太能確信的事情，這時(shí)候附加疑問(wèn)句會(huì)用升調(diào)來(lái)表達(dá)。2 附加疑問(wèn)句

26、的構(gòu)成有以下幾種：1） 在肯定的陳述句之后，我們會(huì)用否定的附加疑問(wèn)句。在否定的陳述句之后，我們會(huì)用肯定的附加疑問(wèn)句。eg：We can still be friends, cant we?He doesnt like ice cream, does he?當(dāng)主句中有像neither，none，nobody，nothing，few，little，never，hardly或seldom這類(lèi)詞時(shí)，它們被認(rèn)為是否定的，因此后面會(huì)跟個(gè)肯定的附加疑問(wèn)句。eg：Neither of you will have coffee, will you?No one has found my CD, have the

27、y?Nobody understood his speech, did they?His sister seldom argues with people, does she?人稱(chēng)代詞如I，we，you，he，she，it或they會(huì)放在附加疑問(wèn)句中。eg：I was pretty silly, wasnt I?Everyone has advises you not to go on a diet, havent you?助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞會(huì)放在附加疑問(wèn)句中。eg：You like traveling, dont you?There is something wrong, isnt

28、there?You cant speak Italian, can you?祁使句后用will you， Lets后用shall weeg：Post a letter for me, will you?Lets have a break, shall we?反意疑問(wèn)句1 He hurt his leg when playing football. He is very unlucky, _ he?A is B didnt C isnt D does2 John is a diligent student who spends most of his time studying, _ he?A

29、hadnt B had C does D isnt3 They dont answer the phone when I call. -There isnt any one at home then, _?A isnt there B is there C is it D isnt it4 It seldom snows in winter in Shanghai, _?A doesnt it B isnt it C is it D does it5 She has already plans for the summer holidays, _?A hasnt she B isnt she

30、C doesnt she D hadnt it6 Mother loves reading. She never spends time watching TV, _?A does she B will she C have she D doesnt she7 It is the first time that she has been to the United States, _?A isnt she B isnt it C hasnt she D hasnt it8 I dont think he is right, _?A do I B dont I C is he D isnt he

31、第一單元一 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)1 我們用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表示在最近的過(guò)去發(fā)生的但跟現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系的事情。eg：The disappearance of Justin has made Kelly very unhappy.2 我們也用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表示在過(guò)去剛開(kāi)始，并且現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)結(jié)束的事情。eg：I have not seen Justin since last Friday night.當(dāng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的確切時(shí)間不清楚或不重要時(shí)，我們也用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。經(jīng)常連用的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)有：already, ever, for, just, lately, never, recently, since, yet, already

32、用于肯定句，yet用于否定句。eg：The boy has already come home. I havent heard anything from him yet.for+一段時(shí)間 since+點(diǎn)時(shí)間eg：We havent seen him for two years. We havent seen him since 2002.注：當(dāng)已給定具體的時(shí)間時(shí)，我們往往用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，而不是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。我們用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)談?wù)搫倓偼瓿傻膭?dòng)作。eg：The police have just finished searching the area.我們也用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表示重復(fù)的動(dòng)作。eg：

33、Some villages say that they have seen UFOs many times.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成是：have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞二 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)1 我們用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表示在過(guò)去發(fā)生的并且仍將繼續(xù)的動(dòng)作。eg：I have not been sleeping well since I returned home.2 我們用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表示剛剛結(jié)束但以某種方式和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系的動(dòng)作。eg：- Sorry Im late. Have you been waiting long?- Yes, Ive been waiting for an hour.3 現(xiàn)

34、在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：have/has +been +doing注：for和since和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)連用。eg：I have been waiting for a long time.He has been waiting since nine oclock.三 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)還是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)1 我們用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)談?wù)搫倓偼瓿傻膭?dòng)作，用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去并且現(xiàn)在仍在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。eg：Li Jia has read a book about Stonehenge. (She finished reading the book.) Li Jia has been readin

35、g a book about Stonehenge. (She is still reading the book.)2 我們用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)表示重復(fù)的動(dòng)作，用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表示不停的動(dòng)作。eg：I have visited Egypt twice this month.I have been touring Egypt for two months.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)用于回答how many/much的提問(wèn)，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)用于回答how long的提問(wèn)。eg：How many times have you swum in the lake?How long have you been swim

36、ming in the lake?3狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞都可以用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，但只有動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞可以用在現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中。eg：I have had this camera for five years. (狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞)I have taken photos of UFO with this camera. （動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞）I have been taking photos of UFO with this camera. （動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞）注：動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞表示發(fā)生或變化的動(dòng)作，如go，play。狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示保持不變的動(dòng)作，如like， know，exist4 當(dāng) never，yet，already，ever

37、出現(xiàn)在句子中時(shí)，只用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，而不用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。eg：Ive never visited Paris.Ive already been to Paris.第二單元一 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)1 我們用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)：1） 談?wù)搶?lái)一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的事情。eg：Toby will be climbing in the Himalayas all next week2） 談?wù)搹膶?lái)的某一點(diǎn)開(kāi)始并且有可能要持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的事情。eg：Toby will not be in London next Tuesday. He will be climbing in the Himalayas.3） 沒(méi)有任何意

38、圖的表達(dá)將來(lái)的事情。eg：The weather report says that it will be raining when we arrive in London.(在這種情況下表示事情是很自然的發(fā)生的，沒(méi)有人為的安排.)4） 禮貌地詢(xún)問(wèn)有關(guān)其他人將來(lái)的計(jì)劃。eg：Will you be visiting your uncle in Tanzania?2 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：1） 陳述句：will(not)+v-ingeg：Toby and his brother, Colin, will (not) be flying to Morocco.2） 疑問(wèn)句：will 提到主語(yǔ)的前面eg

39、：Will they be flying to Morocco on 15th July?3） 回答：will（not）eg：Yes, they will. /No, they will not(wont)二 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)1 我們用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)：1） 表示過(guò)去的將來(lái)某一時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。eg：They set off at 9 a.m. and would reach the airport an hour later.2) 暗指一個(gè)過(guò)去的目的。eg：I was going to leave, but then it rained.3) 暗指一個(gè)過(guò)去的安排。eg：Colin c

40、alled Jennifer to say that he was seeing her later that afternoon.4) 指代實(shí)際已經(jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)的將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。eg：The journey that was to change Tobys life started in July that year.2 陳述句中過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：1） would +動(dòng)詞原形eg：I told you Colin and I would spend a few weeks traveling.2) was/were going to，was /were to , was/were about toe

41、g：We were going to see the wild animals, but then we didnt have time.It was his last day at school-he was to leave the next morning.Colin was about to get off the camel when a child ran towards him.第三單元一 過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)1 我們用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)談?wù)撘粋€(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作。當(dāng)我們想要談?wù)摫冗^(guò)去更早的時(shí)間里發(fā)生的事情時(shí)，就用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。eg：Upon entering the tomb, Carters l

42、ucky pet bird, which had led him to the place, was eaten by a snake.2 在直接引語(yǔ)中，我們用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)指代說(shuō)話(huà)的時(shí)候就已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。直接引語(yǔ)中的一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)在間接引語(yǔ)中改為過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。eg：“We emptied the tomb of everything it contained,” said Carter.-Carter said that they had emptied the tomb of everything it contained.3 過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)只是指在另一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作

43、，并不是指發(fā)生在一長(zhǎng)段時(shí)間以前的動(dòng)作。eg：I had done my homework this morning before I went to the museum.4 過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)經(jīng)常跟以下引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)連用，如when, after, before, as soon as, until, since, by, for, already.eg：Then a few months after Carter had opened the tomb, Lord Carnarvon fell ill with a fever and died.5 過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：had+v-edeg：Ho

44、ward Carter had received money from Lord Carnarvon before he made his most amazing discovery.二 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)還是過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)1. 當(dāng)我們談?wù)撘粋€(gè)與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的過(guò)去的事情時(shí)，我們用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。eg：Howard Carter is one of the most famous explorers the world has ever known.2. 當(dāng)我們?cè)谡務(wù)撨^(guò)去，并要說(shuō)明一個(gè)更早發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的時(shí)候，我們就要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。eg：Not long after the tomb had been ope

45、ned, people in Carters team began to fall ill and die strangly.語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí) ?？於蘒 1Alices second-hand computer_ wrong although she used it only once.A goes B has gone C is going D had gone2 Robert _me his address the other day, but Im afraid I _it.A had given; lost B has given; have lost C gave ; have lost D

46、 gives; lost3 I_ nothing about it before you told me the news A know B knew C had known D has known4 -What _these days? Still busy writing your new book? -Yes, I think I can finish it next week.A do you do B have you been doing C have you done D did you do5 -what was the film like? -Well，I_ it_ very

47、 interesting.A thought; would be B thought; may be C think; is going to be D think; will be6 It was the third time that he _us about his story.A has told B told C is telling D had told7 I forget what I was taught, I only remember what I_.A learn B learned C have learned D had learned8 My younger sis

48、ter_ the Youth League _2004.A has joined; in B has joined; since C had joined; since D joined; in9 Where _my pen? I cannt find it anywhere. -I _it on this table, but now, its gone.A did you put; have put B have you put; putC had you put; was putting D were you putting; have put10 She was praised for

49、 what she_.A had done B has done C would do D does11 I_ he would help me with my English, in fact he didnt.A has thought B thoughtC think D had thought12 - Tom, your shirt is so dirty? - Mom, I _our storeroom downstairs and I will wash it after finishing the cleaning.A cleaned B have cleaned C was c

50、leaning D have been cleaning13 They_ friends since they met in New York.A have made B have become C have been D have turned14 Nobody but the twins_ some interest in the project till now.A shows B show C have shown D has shown15.The students dont want to have their supper until they _ their experimen

51、t.A finished B have finished C had finished D will finish16 By now students in Grade One _ 1,700 English words and phrases.A should learn B have learned C learned D learn17 Sorry to have kept you waiting! -I _ here for fifty minutes.A have arrived B have got C have reached D have been18 Where have y

52、ou been? I _you the whole day. -I was in the library reading magazines.A have been telephoning B had telephoned C telephoned D was telephoned19 Hi, Tracy , you look tired. -I am tired. I_ the living room all day.A painted B had painted C have been painting D have painted20 why didnt you come yesterd

53、ay? -I _ ,but I had an unexpected visitor.A had B would C was going to D did21 Will you be free at three oclock tomorrow afternoon. -No, I _ a meeting at that time.A will have B was going to have C will be having D would have22 What were you doing when I phoned you yesterday. -I _ just finished my homework and _to watch TV.A have; am going B have; was going C had; was going D had; am going 23 My father will be here tomorrow. -Oh, I thought that he _ today.A was coming B is coming C will come D comes 24 When we reach New York, it _.A probably will