介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句(DOC)

1、介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句(一)i“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句是定語從句的一種復(fù)雜形式，這類定語 從句的關(guān)系代詞主要有 which ,whom , whose ,它們既可以引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。關(guān)系代詞前該選用什么樣的介詞，要根據(jù) 不同的語境、習(xí)語、慣用法等來決定。一. 介詞選擇的主要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)1. 介詞與定語從句的先行詞是一種習(xí)慣性搭配Huma n facial expressi ons differ from those an imals in the degreetowhich they can be co ntrolled on purpose.人類的面部表情

2、和動物的面部表情就可控制的程度來說是不一樣的。(to a degree )The gentleman about whom you told meyesterday proved to be a thief. 你昨天告訴我的那個紳士被證明是個小偷。(tell sb. about sb./ sth.)The English play in which my students acted at the New Year s partywas a great success.那場在新年晚會上我學(xué)生參加表演的英語劇很成功。(inthe play )The schools themselves admi

3、t that not all childre n will be successfulin the jobs for which they are being trained.學(xué)校本身承認(rèn)，并不是所有的孩子都能在他們所接受的培訓(xùn)的職業(yè)成功。(be trai ned for the job )2. 介詞與定語從句中的動詞是一種習(xí)慣性搭配Who is the man with whomour teacher is shak ing han ds?我們的老師與之握手的那個男士是誰？(shake hands with sb.)Last mon th , part of Southeast Asia w

4、as struck by floods , from whose effects the介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句(一)iipeople are still sufferi ng.上個月，東南亞的部分地區(qū)發(fā)生洪水，人們還在遭受著洪水所帶來的影響。(suffer from sth.)Ours is a beautiful country ,of which we are greatly proud . 我們的國家是一個美麗的國家，我們?yōu)橹械胶茏院馈?be proud of )The woma n to whom Spielberg is married is an actress.同斯皮爾伯

5、格結(jié)婚的女人是一位演員。(be married to )The West Lake , for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.西湖很美，杭州以西湖而聞名。(be famous for )The woma nto whomhe was en gaged was a doctor.他與之訂婚的那個女士是位醫(yī)生。(be en gaged to )4.有時關(guān)系代詞前用什么介詞，要根據(jù)句子的意思來決定，此時不但要注意其前的搭配，也要注意其后的搭配I was a woma n running toward me in the dark. Be

6、fore I could recog nizewho she was, she had run back in the dark.Before I could recog nize whoshe was , she had ran back in the directi onfrom which she had come.看見一位婦女在黑暗中像我走來，我還沒來得及認(rèn)清她是誰，她已經(jīng)從她來的 方向跑回去了。(如果僅注意先行詞，很容易受習(xí)慣心里的影響而使用in thisdirection的搭配，但考慮到語境后的 come，則應(yīng)該使用 from。)3.介詞與定語從句中的形容詞構(gòu)成一種習(xí)慣性的搭配3H

7、e was educated at the local high school,after which he went on toBeiji ng Un iversity.他在當(dāng)?shù)匾凰咧猩蠈W(xué)，之后他上了北京大學(xué)。(afterwhich 的意思就是“在當(dāng)?shù)匾凰咧薪邮芡杲逃蟆?。In the office I n ever seem to have time un til after 5:30 pm.by whichtime many have got home.在辦公室我好像總是沒時間，只有等到下午五點(diǎn)半， 而那個時候大家都已經(jīng)回家了。(此句不能受 at 5:30 pm的通常表達(dá)的影響而

8、4選用介詞 at,而應(yīng)該依據(jù)整個句子的語意來確定介詞。）5.表示“所有格”或“整體與部分關(guān)系”時，用介詞ofThe journey around the world took the old sailor nine mon ths, of which the sailingtime was 226 days.這次環(huán)球旅行老水手用了 9 個月，其中航行的時間是 226 天。The factory produces half a milli on pairs of shoes every year, 80% of which are soldabroad.這個工廠每年生產(chǎn) 50 萬雙鞋，其中的（指

9、 50 萬雙鞋） 80%肖往海外。I was told that there were about 50 foreig n stude nts study ing Chin ese in the school,most of whomwere from Germany.我被告知這個學(xué)校有大約 50 個外國學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)中文，其中大多數(shù)來自德國。I have many frien ds, of whomsome are bus in essme n. 我有很多朋友，其中有些是生意人。二. 介詞不能提前的情況當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時，介詞可以提前放在 which （指事物不能用 that

10、）或者 whom 指人不能用 who）之前，也可放于原來的位置，但在 含有介詞的動詞固定短語中，由于動詞和介詞的關(guān)系比較緊密，一般不能將介 詞與動詞拆開而將介詞提到關(guān)系代詞之前。這類短語動詞有l(wèi)isten to/lookat/depe nd on /take care of/look in to/break in to/get rid of/look forwardto 等。This is the room which/that Lu Xun used to live in .（二This is the room in which LuXun used to live.）這是魯迅曾經(jīng)住過的房間

11、。5The man介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句（二）例句:61）Have you ever dreamed of play ing in front of thousa nds of people ata con cert, at which every one is clapp ing and appreciat ing your music?2）They may start as a group of high-school students, for whompractising theirmusic in some one s house is the first step to fa

12、me.3）Later they may give performances in pubs or clubs, for which they are paid incash.4）The musicia ns were to play jokes on each other as well as play music,most of which was based loosely on the Beatles.5）However, after a year or so in which they became more serious abouttheir work, the Mon kees

13、started to play and sing their own songs likea real band.6）They produced a new record in 1996, with which they celebrated their formertime as a real band.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句， 是定語從句一種介詞前置的定語從句句型，介詞與關(guān)系代詞之間存在一種介賓關(guān)系。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語 時，把介詞置于關(guān)系代詞前，即演變出“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”句型。例如：The man who/whom /that you spoke to is a t

14、eacher.=The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.一、基本構(gòu)成1.“介詞+關(guān)系代例句:7詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞只能用which （指物）或 whom 指人），即：介詞 +which/whom。（1） The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.（2） The city in which she lives is far away.8(3)The little girl is reading a book,in which there are manycartoons.注意：當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時，用在

15、介詞后的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。2.關(guān)系副詞 when, where，why 可用“介詞+ which ”來代替。關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上 是介詞+先行詞。其中when=表時間的介詞(如：in , at,on,during等)+which ;Where=S地點(diǎn)的介詞(如：in , at,on,under 等)+which;Why 表原因的介詞(如：for ) +which(1)當(dāng)先行詞表示時間，定語從句中缺少時間狀語時，通常用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)，此時也可選用表示時間的介詞+ which 來代替關(guān)系副詞 whenI still remember the day whe n I came here.( on t

16、he day=whe n)(2)當(dāng)先行詞表示地點(diǎn)， 定語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語時， 通常用關(guān)系副詞 where 引導(dǎo)，此時也可選用表示地點(diǎn)的介詞+ which 來代替關(guān)系副詞 where。This is the house where I lived last year.( in thehouse= where)(3)當(dāng)先行詞為 reason，定語從句中缺少表示原因狀語時，通常用關(guān)系副詞 why引導(dǎo)，此時也可以用 for which 來代替關(guān)系副詞 why。There are many reas ons why people like traveli ng. (for thereas ons =w

17、hy1. 含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動詞的后面。如：lookfor, look after, take care of, pay atte nti on to, look forward to等。9This is the watch (which / that) I am look ing for.2. “介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”前還可有 some, any, none, all, both, neither, many,most, each, few 等代詞或者數(shù)詞，表示先行詞的一部分或全部。He loves his pare nts deeply, both of whom

18、are very ki nd to him.In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.二. 介詞的選擇根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系。Eg:Is that the n ewspaper for which you ofte n write articles?The school (which/that ) he once studied in is very famous.=The school in which he once studied is very famous.他曾經(jīng)就讀過的學(xué)校

19、很出名。2. 根據(jù)從句中動詞與形容詞的搭配。The stude nt to whom I want to be grateful is Tom.3. 根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣，請體會：Eg:1949 was the year in which the P.R.C was foun ded.4. 根據(jù)從句的意義來確定介詞。My computer, without which I can t play computer games, broke downyesterday.昨天我的電腦壞了，沒有它我不能玩電腦游戲。5. whose 可轉(zhuǎn)換為“ of +關(guān)系代詞”型。They live in a

20、house, whose door ope ns to the south.They lived in a house, of which the door ope ns to the south.They lived in a house, the door of which ope n to the south.三. 填空練習(xí)101. This is the gun_the hun ter shot the an telope.2. The athletes_he will compete come from Greece and CzechRepublic.3. He II never forget the day_he was admitted to the OlympicGames for the first time.4. The musicia ns_we hav