八年級英語動詞不定式用法梳理

1、精編學(xué)習(xí)資料歡迎下載i八年級英語動詞不定式用法梳理動詞不定式是由“不定式符號to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成的一種非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)。 有些動詞不定式不帶to,動詞不定式可以作句子的主語、表語、賓語、定語、補語、狀語或單獨使用。不定式保留動詞的某些特性，可以有自己的賓語、狀 語等。動詞不定式和它后面的賓語、狀語等一起構(gòu)成短語，叫作不定式短語。一、用作主語直接把動詞不定式置于句首的情況不多，多數(shù)情況用it作形式主語，把真正的主語動詞不定式置于句末，特別是不定式短語較長時。動詞不定式作主語，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。帶疑問詞的不定式短語作主語常置于句首，復(fù) 合不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語常置于句末。如：1.1 t is o

2、ur duty to try our best to deal with these problems.2. The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother.3. How to learn English well is important.4. To see is to believe!眼見為實；百聞不如一見) )二、用作表語動詞不定式作表語，常說明主語的內(nèi)容、性質(zhì)、特征。如：1.The best way is to join an English club.2. The first thing is to lis

3、ten to the teacher carefully.三、用作賓語1.可以接帶to的動詞不定式作賓語的動詞主要有： 要求選擇同意( (ask, choose, agree),期望決定學(xué)習(xí)( (expect, hope, decide, learn)寧可假裝知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love。女口：1) We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.2) He prefers to eat white bread and rice

4、.3) Id love to visit Mexico.2.動詞decide, know, learn, show, teach, tel，.介詞結(jié)構(gòu)on.可用疑問詞帶to的 不定式短語作賓語，但why后面的不定式不帶to。如：1) Could you please tell me where to park my car?2) It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations.3.動詞feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式賓語代替真正的賓語-動詞不定式，句子結(jié)構(gòu)是.feel / find

5、 / make / . it+adj. / n.+to do.。如：I find it difficult to remember everything.4.既可接動詞不定式又可接ving形式作賓語，意思差別不太大的動詞有begin,start, like, love等。一般說來，動詞不定式表一次、數(shù)次的具體動作、將來動作 或動作的全過程，ving形式表習(xí)慣性的連續(xù)動作。但是這種區(qū)別并不很嚴(yán)格， 特別是美國英語，即使是習(xí)慣性的動作也可以用動詞不定式。如：1) Then I started to watch Tv.2) Im beginning to understand my parents.

6、begin用了進行時態(tài)，后面只接不定式作賓語，表示事情剛開始，還要繼續(xù)下去。3) I like to eat vegetables.精編學(xué)習(xí)資料歡迎下載2感知動詞like, love, know等一般不用進行時態(tài)。5后接動詞不定式或ving形式作賓語，意思差別較大的動詞有forget, remember等。后接不定式作賓語，表動作尚未發(fā)生；后接ving形式作賓語，表動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。stop to do停下來做另外一件事，to do是目的狀語；stop doing停止做、 不做當(dāng)前這件事，doing是賓語。try to do盡力做，try doing試試看；go on to do接著做另外的事，g

7、o on doing繼續(xù)做原來的事。如：1) When I left home, I forgot to bring it with me.2) 1 stopped using them last year.四、用作定語1句子的主語或賓語是動詞不定式的邏輯主語，不定式與其所修飾的名詞、代詞 等存在邏輯的動賓關(guān)系.1) 1 have so many clothes to wash today.2) I canthink of any good advice to give her.3) We have no houses to live in.2.動詞不定式所修飾的名詞是place, time,

8、 way等時，不定式與這些名詞呈現(xiàn)出動狀關(guān)系或同位關(guān)系。如：1)He needs time to do homework.2) He wants to know the best way to travel around the city.3.在“there be.”句型里，句子的主語是動詞不定式動作的對象：1)Theres just so much to see and do here.2). but there are still many things to do there.五、用作賓語補足語1.帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞主要有： 要求允許提議( (ask, allow, a

9、dvise),期望邀請鼓勵(expect, , invite, encourage，教導(dǎo)告訴想要(teach, tell, want)，等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)如:1)Id invite her to have dinner at my house.2 We should allow the children to choose their own clothes.2.動詞不定式作補語，在主動語態(tài)句里不帶to，被動語態(tài)句里帶to時多數(shù)動詞是感官動詞和使役動詞，包括四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch三“讓”

10、：have, let, make二“聽”：hear, listen to一“感覺” ：feel, “注意” ：notice如：1) This picture makes me feel excited2) We saw Liu Yu play baseball last week.3. help后接動詞不定式作補語，to可帶可不帶。1) they can help you to learn English.2) Using email English helps you write quickly.六、用作狀語1.目的狀語，置于句首或句末，置于句首時常表示強調(diào)。如：1) In order to

11、 catch the early bus, she got up very early.2) A group of young people got together to discuss this question.3) She came to this city to visit her daughter.2.原因狀語，多見于“sb.+be+adj.+to do.”結(jié)構(gòu)句中。如：1) I feel very lucky to have him.精編學(xué)習(xí)資料歡迎下載32) he ran out of money to buy old bikes.3.結(jié)果狀語，多見于“too.t6, “eno

12、ugh to.”結(jié)構(gòu)句中。如：1) Im too tired to do it well.2) The room is big enough for three people to live in.七、動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是“for / of sb. to do sth.”，for / of引出不定式動作的邏 輯主語。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語等。不定式 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的介詞用for還是of,主要決定于前面形容詞的性質(zhì)。一般說來，of前面的形容詞是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wis等，既說明人的特

13、 性，又說明不定式動作的特性。for前面的形容詞是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy,important, interesting, necessar等，一般說明不定式動作的特性， 前面如果是名詞用for。如：1tsa good idea for parents to allow children to study in groups during theevening.2tswise of him to do it well.3) Is it interesting for the baby to play with a pet dog?八、帶疑問

14、詞的不定式短語動詞不定式前面可以帶疑問代詞what, which, who或疑問副詞how, when,where, why等。這種結(jié)構(gòu)起名詞的作用，在句子里用作賓語、主語、表語等， 或者單獨使用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不帶to。如：1.用作句子的成分。1) 1 dont know what to try next.作賓語)2) Where to go is not decided yet作主語) )2.單獨使用時相當(dāng)于一個特殊疑問句。1) What to do next?(=What will we / you do next?2) Why go there?(=Why do we

15、/ you go there?九、動詞不定式的否定式不定式的否定式是not / never to do.，不帶to的不定式的否定式是not / never do.如:1.They decide not to talk to each other.2.His parents tell him never to play soccer in the street.非謂語動詞總結(jié)一后面可跟動詞的ing形式的情況1. 動詞： finish doing sth.完成做某事； enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事； practice doing sth. 練習(xí)做某事； imagine doi ng

16、, 想象做某事； avoid doi ng sth. 避免做某事； con sider doing sth.考慮做某事； suggest doing sth.建議做某事；mind doing sth.介意做某事；keep doi ng sth. 持續(xù)做某事2. 固定短語：feel like doing sth.喜歡做某事；be busy doing sth.忙于做某事；be worthdoing 值得做某事；spend time (in) doing sth.花費時間(金錢)做某事；have difficult/trouble in doi ng sth做某事有困難；have fun doi

17、ng. 做某事高興3. 介詞后(on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by等)精編學(xué)習(xí)資料歡迎下載4女口： be good at doing sth. ； thank you for doing sth. ； give up doing sth. ； stop sb.精編學(xué)習(xí)資料歡迎下載5from doing sth. ； do well in doing sth. ； be afraid of doing sth. ； be interested in doing sth. ； be proudof ; in stead o

18、f ; be fond of4.to 作介詞的情況 look forward todoing sth 期望做某事；prefer doing sth. to doingsth 與相比較更喜歡；pay attention to doing注意做某事；be/get used to doingsth.習(xí)慣于做某事；make a contribution to為做貢獻二后面可跟動詞的不定式形式的情況1. 動詞：agree to do 同意去做；afford to do買得起；decide todo 決定去做某事；hopeto do 希望去做；wish to do 希望去做；fail to do做某事失敗

19、去；plan to do 打算去做；prete nd to do假裝去做；refuse to do拒絕去做； would like to do 想要去做； want todo 想要去做某事；learn to do 學(xué)做；prefer to do sth. 喜歡(愛)做某事；sb. seem todo sth 好像做某事；want/would like to do sth.想做.；used to do sth.過去常做某事2. 句型.get/have a cha nee to do sth.得到一個做某事的機會It s + adj .+(for sb.) to do sth.做某事(對某人來說)

20、怎么樣It s +adj. +(of sb.) to do sth.It takes sb. some time/mo ney to do sth.花費某人多長時間做某事(?？?It s best for sb . to do sth. 對某人來說做某事是最好的It s time for sb . to do sth.是某人做某事的時候了too (for sb .) to 太.以致不能. =not eno ugh to doprefer to do sth. rather than do sth.寧愿.而不愿.(?？?something to eat/drink一些吃/喝的東西(詞不定式放在s

21、omething 等后修飾這些 try/do one s best to dosth . 盡力去做某事allowsb. to允許某人去做某事asked sb. (not) to do sth.tell sb. (n ot) to do sth.follow sb. to do sth.叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事）叫某人去（不要）做某事跟隨某人去做某事get sb. to do sth.讓某人做某事warn sb. (not) to do sth.be amazed to do sth. beafraid to do sth. beexcited to do sth.警告某人做某事（或不

22、要做某事）對做某事感到驚訝害怕做某事對做感到興奮be frighte ned to do sth.be glad/happy to do sth.be/get ready to do sth.be sorry to do sth.be surprised to do sth.can t wait to do st害怕去做某事高興去做某事 準(zhǔn)備做某事 對做某事感到抱歉對做某事感到驚奇 h.迫不急待地去做某事精編學(xué)習(xí)資料歡迎下載6三、后既能跟不定式也能跟動名詞的情況:1、后加不定式或動名詞意思相近的動詞Sth. is hard/difficult/easy to do taketurns to d

23、o sth.輪流做There is no time (for sb. ) to do sth.做好某事很難/容易對（某人來說）沒時間做某事了對某人來說沒必要做某事精編學(xué)習(xí)資料歡迎下載7有些動詞接 doing 和 to do 意義相近像 like（喜歡）,love（喜歡）,hate（憎恨）,prefer（寧可）,begin（開始），start（開始），continue（繼續(xù)）。女口：等詞后加不定式或動名詞區(qū)別不大：女如: liketo do 表示想要做某一具體的動作 like dong 表示一般或抽象的多次動作它們在實際使用中區(qū)別很小。2、后加不定式或動名詞區(qū)別較大的動詞remember to

24、do（ 記住去做 ） forget to do（忘記去做）try to do（ 設(shè)法做）go on to do（接著做另一事）stop to do（ 停下來去做）can t help to do（不能幫助做）四、后跟不帶to的不定式（動詞原形）的情況1 在感官動詞和使役動詞后feel , hear , listen to , watch , look at , see, notice式符號 to 應(yīng)加上。 在動詞 help 后跟不定式作賓語或賓語補足語時，既可帶to，也可不帶 to。2. 助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后：do, did, does, will, shall, would, should,

25、can, may, must等后面接不帶 to 的動詞不定式。3. 某些固定句型中1） Will （Would） you please （not ）. ?請（不要）做某事好嗎？2） had better最好做某事3） Why not . .?為何不做某事4） would rather（ no t）.寧可（不）；寧愿（不）此句型也可以擴展成：wouldrather.tha n.=would.rather tha n.。5）在祈使語氣（或口語）中。五. 既可跟動詞原形又可跟動詞ing形式的情況。see,watch,hear 等動詞，后面既可跟原形又可跟動名詞形式，跟原形時表示做過或經(jīng)常做， 跟動名

26、詞時表示正在做。see/watch sb. do sth 看到某人做過（經(jīng)常做）某事 see/watch sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事 hear sb. do sth.聽到某人做過（經(jīng)常做）某事hear sb. doi ng sth.聽到某人正在做某事單項選擇：（ ）1. The teacher told them_ make so much noise.A. dont B. not C. will not D. not to（ ）2. My mother often tells me_ so many mistakes.A. not to make B. to not ma

27、ke C. donmake D. not make（）3. Tell him_ the window.A. to shut關(guān)）not B not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut()4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told himA. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to()5. Mrs Smith warned(警告)her daughter_ after drinking.remember doin

28、g（記得做過）forget doing（忘記做過）try doing（試著做）go on doing（繼續(xù)做同一事）stop doing（停止做）,make, let , have 等后跟動詞不定式作賓語補足語時應(yīng)省去不定式符號to。注意：將此句改為被動句時，省去的不定cant helpdoing（情不自禁做）精編學(xué)習(xí)資料歡迎下載8A. never to drive B. to never driveC. never driving D. never drive()6. The doctor asked the patient_ rich food after the operation!術(shù))

29、.A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating()7. The workers want us_ together with them.A. work B. working C. to work D. worked()8. I saw him_out of the room.A. go B. went C.is going D. goes()9. He often makes his little sister_ ,A. cry B. crying C. cried D. to cry()10 Therere so many k

30、inds crfew bikes on sale that I cant make up mymind_to buy.A. what B. which C. how D. where()11. He candecide _ to stay or not.A. whether B. if C. either D. if he will()12. - The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot_ .A. turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. turned it off()13.

31、 We agreed_ here.A. met B. meeting C. to meet D. meet()14. Frank is the kind of person who people like to_.A. make friend with B. make friends ofC. make friendsD. make friends with()15. Go on_the other exercise after you finishthis one.A. to do B. doing C.does D. did()16. She reached the top of the

32、hill and stopped_on a big rockA. rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest()17. Tom kept quiet about the accident because he was afraid of_hisjob. A. lose B to lose C. losing D. lost()18. I need a day or two_ .A. to think it over B. to think over C. of thinking()19. He was too excited_.A. speak B. to spe

33、ak C. not to speak D. speaking()20. Im hungry. Getme something_.A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. for eating()21. - I usually go there by train.-Why not_by boat for a change ?精編學(xué)習(xí)資料歡迎下載9A. to try going B. trying to goC. to try and go D. try going()22. I asked him to_me a few minutes so that we could go over allthe problems.A.spend B. spare C.save D. share()23. They wont le