六年級英語知識點梳理

1、六年級英語知識點梳理知識匯總詞 匯一、名詞（Nouns）1.可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)變化基本規(guī)則類別變化規(guī)則例詞一般情況在詞尾加sdesk-desks以s,x,sh,ch結尾的詞在詞尾加esbus-buses box-boxesdish-dishes peach-peaches輔音字母加y結尾的詞把y變i再加esbaby-babies以f,fe 結尾的詞把f或fe變v再加esleaf-leaves knife-knives以o 結尾的詞在詞尾加es在詞尾加spotato-potatoeszoo-zoosTips: 把f或fe變v再加es的輔助記憶口訣： 妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf

2、)，小偷(thief)見了心發(fā)慌。躲在架(shelf)后保己(self)命(life)，半(half)片樹葉(leaf)遮目光。2.名詞復數(shù)的其他變化類別例詞不規(guī)則復數(shù)形式child-children tooth-teeth man- men woman-womenfoot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geese mouse mice單復數(shù)同形sheep fish deer Chinese集體名詞people family army policeTips: 不能說a people, a police, 但可以說a person, a policeman二、形容詞（Adject

3、ives）1.形容詞的比較級、最高級的規(guī)則變化類別比較級構成最高級構成例詞一般情況在詞尾加-er在詞尾加-esttall-taller-tallest以e結尾的詞在詞尾加-r在詞尾加-stnice-nicer-nicest以輔音字母加y結尾的雙音節(jié)詞把y變i再加er把y變i再加estheavy-heavier-heaviest重讀閉音節(jié)詞且末尾只有一個輔音字母雙寫這個輔音字母，再加上er雙寫這個輔音字母，再加上estbig-bigger-biggest部分雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞前面加more前面加most(最高級前一般加the)useful-more useful-most useful2.形容詞的

4、比較級、最高級的不規(guī)則變化good/ well better-best many/much-more-most bad/ill-worse-worstfar- farther/further-farthest/furthest little-less-leastTips: right, wrong, full, favourite 等形容詞沒有比較級和最高級形式。三、冠詞(Articles)1.冠詞的用法冠詞主要用法示例不定冠詞（a,an）元音音素前用an,輔音音素前用a相當于oneThere is a fox in the forest.第一次提到的某人或某物，非特指I met an old

5、 man on my way home.代表一類人或物A bird can fly.泛指一類人或物中的某一個人I am a student.用于習慣用語中have a look, have a try, for a while定冠詞（the）特指某一件事、物或人The book is Mikes.上文中提過的事、物或人I have a kite. The kite is nice.指談話雙方都知道的事、物或人Open the door, please!用在姓氏的復數(shù)名詞前，表示全家人The Greens are sitting at the table.用在世界上獨一無二的事物前The sun

6、 is bright.用在樂器名詞前I like playing the piano.用在序數(shù)詞前Sarah lives on the fifth floor.用在形容詞最高級前Tom is the youngest of five.用在習慣用語中 in the morning, by the way2. 不用冠詞的情況不用冠詞的情況示例在國家名（非縮寫）、人名等專有名詞前China, America, Amy, Mary在表示月份、星期等的名詞前in June, on Friday在表示三餐、球類和娛樂運動的名詞前have lunch , play football稱呼、官銜、職位的名詞前M

7、r. Zhang, Doctor Li復數(shù)名詞表示泛指，表示一類人或事物Books are our friends.冠詞通常不與其他的修飾詞共同使用 This is my pen. () This is my a pen. ()在一些固定搭配中by bike, in hospital, in bed, at night四、代詞（Pronouns）1. 人稱代詞的單數(shù)、復數(shù)、主格、賓格人 稱單數(shù)復數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱he/she/ithim/her/ ittheythem2. 物主代詞人 稱形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞單數(shù)復數(shù)單數(shù)復數(shù)

8、第一人稱myourmineours第二人稱youryouryoursyours第三人稱his/her/itstheirhis/hers/itstheirsTips:形容詞性物主代詞+名詞=名詞性物主代詞，例如：my book=mine3. 反身代詞 myself (我自己) yourself (你自己) himself (他自己) herself (她自己) itself (它自己) ourselves ( 我們自己) yourselves (你們自己) themselves (他們自己)五、動詞 (Verbs)動詞常見的三種形式：構成例詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在詞尾加shelp-helps l

9、ike- likes以s,x,o, sh, ch結尾的，后加eswash-washes watch-watches do-does以輔音字母加y結尾的，將y改為i，再加esfly-flies study-studies不規(guī)則變化have-has現(xiàn)在分詞（-ing形式）在詞尾直接加inggo-going buy-buying以e結尾的，e不發(fā)音時，去e再加上inghave-having make-making以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母的，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加上ingrun-running swim-swimmingget-getting sit-sitting cut-cutti

10、ng過去式（-ed形式）在詞尾直接加edclean-cleaned stay-stayed以e結尾的，e不發(fā)音時，加dlike-liked live-lived 以輔音字母加y結尾的，將y改為i，再加edcry-cried try-tried以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母的，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加上edplan-planned stop-stopped（動詞過去式不規(guī)則變化匯總參見下發(fā)的資料）六、數(shù)詞 （Numerals）1. 基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞的規(guī)律：一二三，特殊記，八去t，九去e,ve要用f替，ty變y為ie，后加th別忘記，要是遇上幾十幾，只變個位就可以。2.必備詞匯：基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞

11、基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞onefirst (1st)eleveneleventh(11th )twenty-onetwenty-first(21st)twosecond(2nd)twelvetwelfth(12th )twenty-twotwenty-second(22nd)threethird(3rd)thirteenthirteenth(13th)twenty-threetwenty-third (23rd)fourfourth(4th)fourteenfourteenth(14th)twenty-fourtwenty-fourth (24th)fivefifth(5th)fifteenf

12、ifteenth (15th )thirtythirtieth (30th)sixsixth(6th)sixteensixteenth ( 16th )fortyfortieth ( 40th)sevenseventh(7th)seventeenseventeenth(17th ) fiftyfiftieth (50th )eighteighth(8th)eighteeneighteenth (18th )eightyeightieth (80th )nineninth(9th)nineteennineteenth (19th )ninetyninetieth (99th)tententh(1

13、0th)twentytwentieth (20th )one hundredone hundredth(100th) 表示具體日期： I was born on February 22nd.七、介詞 （Prepositions）分類內容表示時間at在（幾點） in 在（年、月） on 在（星期、日期） after在之后 before在之前 fromto從到表示方位at 在 in 在里面 on 在上面 near在附近 next to 挨著 behind 在后面 in front of 在前面 under 在下方 beside 在旁邊 between 在之間 above 在上方表示方向into進入

14、 out 外面 across 橫穿 through 穿過 其他 of 的 with 用 for 為；給 about 關于Tips: on 表示與物體接觸的上方 above表示不與物體接觸的上方八、副詞 (Adverbs) 形容詞變副詞的一般規(guī)律類別構成例詞大部分形容詞在詞尾加lyreal-really slow-slowly以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i，再加lyhappy-happily easy-easily某些一輔音字母加不發(fā)音e結尾的和以ue結尾的先去掉e,再加上y或lygentle-gently true-truly必備詞匯分類內容頻度副詞always usually often so

15、metimes never 疑問副詞how when where why程度副詞very much quite enough almost little so 時間副詞now then today yesterday tomorrow last night at first地點副詞Here there everywhere方式副詞句 子一陳述句肯定形式變否定形式類別方法示例謂語動詞為be動詞（am, is, are, was, were）在be動詞后直接加notHe is a student. He is not(isnt) a student.He was a teacher before.

16、 He wasnt a teacher before.謂語動詞含有情態(tài)動詞(can, will, must, should.)在情態(tài)動詞后直接加notHe can play football well. He cant play football well.謂語動詞為實義動詞，且沒有情態(tài)動詞、助動詞在謂語動詞前加dont，doesnt (三單用)，didnt (過去時用)I like apples. I dont like apples.He likes apples. He doesnt like apples.I liked apples before. I didnt like appl

17、es before. Tips: not與其他詞連在一起時，一般寫為縮略形式，但am not不縮寫。常見縮略形式如下：is not=isnt are not= arent was not=wasnt were not=werent do not= dont does not=doesnt did not=didnt have not=havent has not= hasnt should not=shouldntmust not=mustnt need not=neednt cannot=cant will not=wont 二、陳述句變一般疑問句類別方法示例謂語動詞為be動詞（am, is

18、, are, was, were）第一步: 把be動詞放在句首第二步：改大小寫； 句號改為問號。He is kind. Is he kind?謂語動詞含有情態(tài)動詞(can, will, must, should.)第一步：把情態(tài)動詞直接放在句首。第二步：改大小寫； 句號改為問號。（注意人稱的變化） I can sing. Can you sing?謂語動詞為實義動詞，且沒有情態(tài)動詞、助動詞第一步：在句首加Do/ Does/Did后用動詞原形。第二步：改大小寫； 句號改為問號。（注意人稱的變化）He goes to school on foot.Does he go to school on f

19、oot?Tips: 在改一般疑問句時，注意人稱的變化。I, we改為you; my, our改為your。除了 “ Can I” “Would you like” 這兩句中的some不用改為any 之外，其余疑問句中的some要改為any。三、特殊疑問句 構成： 特殊疑問詞+ 一般疑問句What (什么) What are you doing?Which (哪一個) Which season do you like best?Where (哪里) Where do you come from?When (什么時候) When do you get up?Who (誰) Who is he?Wh

20、ose ( 誰的) Whose T-shirt is that?Why ( 為什么) Why is he so upset?How ( 怎樣 ) How was your trip?How old ( 多大歲數(shù)) How old are you?How many ( 多少 ) How many books are there on the desk?How much ( 多少錢) How much is your dress?四、感嘆句 What + 名詞 What a tall girl (she is)!How+形容詞 How funny(the story is)! 五、祈使句類別形式示

21、例肯定祈使句1.謂語動詞是動詞原形的2. be+ 名詞短語或形容詞3. let + 賓語+ 動詞原形1. Stand up.2. Be careful.3. Let me help you.否定祈使句1. 以動詞原形和be開頭的，直接在句首+ Dont2.以please 開頭的祈使句，在please后+dont3. let開頭的祈使句有兩種變化A. 直接在let前+DontB. let+賓語+not4. no開頭的祈使句 down, please. Dont sit down, please.Be sad. Dont be sad.2. Please stop. Please dont stop.3. Lets go to school.A. Dont lets go to school.B. Lets not go to school.4. No fishing. No swimming.六、there be 句型與have 句型1. there be 表示某地有某物/某人