備戰(zhàn)高考英語必考話題分類解析話題15工作與職業(yè)(JobsCareers)(含解析)

1、話題15工作與職業(yè)(Jobs Careers )工作是舞臺，是責任，是忠誠，是敬業(yè)，是激情，是協作。為了生存我們每一個人都需要工作，但工作的意義遠非如此。工作不僅是一個人謀生的需要，同時也是貢獻社會、實現 自我的途徑。只有工作我們才能體現出自己的人生價值，通過工作我們才能不斷地進步。" 工作與職業(yè)”是高中英語新課程標準話題之一，包括工作經歷與感受、工作類別、工作壓力、 招聘廣告、尋找工作、職業(yè)規(guī)劃、經濟收入、社會責任等方面。通過本話題的學習與高考考 查，讓學生樹立正確的職業(yè)觀、責任感，為將來的工作與職業(yè)打下心理基礎。"工作與職業(yè)”是高考英語?？荚掝}，在聽力、閱讀理解、完形填

2、空以及書面表達等題型中都會有所體現，例如 2017年新課標卷I閱讀理解B篇，2017年新課標卷II的閱讀理 解七選五，2017年新課標卷III是閱讀理解B篇與語法填空，2017年北京卷完形填空，2016 年全國卷I短文改錯、2016年全國卷I書面表達、2016年全國卷H語法填空，2016年北京卷 閱讀理解A篇等。由此看出有關“工作與職業(yè)”的高考試題每年必定出現?！鞠嚓P詞匯】T重點單詞I.寫作必記單詞1 .achieve v.完成；實現；達到一 ach ievement n.完成；成就2 .appoint vt .任命；委派；指定；約定 (時間、地點)一appointmentn.約定，約會；任命

3、，委派3 .conclusionn.結論；結束-conclude vt .結束；推斷4 .earn vt.贏得；掙得；賺得5 .employ v.雇用femployment n.雇用funemployment n.失業(yè)employer n.雇主employee n.雇員6 .hire vt.雇用；租用1.1 nterview n.& vt.采訪，會見，面試一 int erviewer n.采訪者；主持面試者一 intervieween.接受面試者；被采訪者8 .manage vt.經營；管理；設法對付一 management n.經營；管理一 manager n.經理；管理人9 .qu

4、it vt . 停止；離開10 .resign vt .& vi . 辭職11 .retire vt .& vi . 退休12 .undertake vt . 承擔；從事n.閱讀識記單詞13 .adjust v. 調整； （ 使 ）適應；調節(jié)14 .allowancen. 津貼；零用錢15 .appearance n.外貌appear vi .出現16 .applicantn. 申請人17 .application n. 申請18 .architectn. 建筑師19 .assistantn.助手，助理fassist vt.幫助；協助fassistance n.幫助；協助20

5、.bonus n. 津貼；獎金；紅利21 .candidaten. 候選人；應試者22 .certificate n. 執(zhí)照；證（ 明 ） 書23 .chance n. 機會；機遇24 .considerationn.考慮；要考慮的事；體貼-consider ate adj.想得周到的；體貼的fconsider vt.思考，考慮；認為fconsidering prep.考慮至鑒于25 .dismiss vt.讓離開；開除；解散；解雇26 .educated adj . 受過教育的；有教養(yǎng)的27 .expectationn. 期待，期望28 .fail v. 失?。?（ 考試）不及格29 .ho

6、ld v. 擔任；擁有；保持；抓住30 .occupation n. 職業(yè)31 .opportunityn. 機會32 .possibilityn. 可能性；可能33 .physicistn. 物理學家34 .potentialadj . 潛在的；可能的；n. 潛力35 .positionn. 職位36 .professionn. 職業(yè)，專業(yè)37 .qualify vt .& vi .（使）具有資格；（使）具備合格條件38 .qualified adj.有資格的39 .reply vt .& n.回答；回復40 .representative n.代表，典型（人物）41 .re

7、quirement n.要求42 .secretaryn.秘書；書記43 .specialistn.?？漆t(yī)生；專家44 .succeed v.成功45.welfare n.幸福；福禾U高頻短語1 .apply for 申請2 .be fit for 適合1.1 n charge of 主管4 .be in the charge of sb./be in one ' s charge在某人的掌管之下5 .be occupied with 忙于做； 專心于6 .be out of employment/be out of work/lose one ' s job 失業(yè)7 .fee

8、l equal to 感覺能勝任8 .hand over 移交；交出9 .hunt for 搜尋；尋找10 .meet with 符合；遇到；遭受11 .look ahead 展望未來；為將來設想12.take charge of 負責；接管話題在線The Worthwhile Job 有價值的工作There were five brothers who wanted to do something important.有兄弟五個，都想干點大事。They had their own certain jobs that they wanted to do.他們都有自己想做的工作。Each tho

9、ught his job was the best.每個人都覺得自己的工作是最好的。 I will be a great man. I want to make bricks.我會成為大人物的，我想造磚。The oldest brother wanted to be a brick burner and make bricks.老大想做個燒磚的去造磚。But the second laughed at him, Making bricks is a laborer s worthless job. 可是老二嘲笑他造磚是件毫無價值可言的體力活。The second oldest brother

10、wanted to be a bricklayer, and he thought the bricklayer was much more important than a brick burner.老二想當個砌磚的工匠，他認為砌磚比燒磚更重要。He wanted to have a much more valuable job than his older brother did.他想找份比他大哥做的事更有價值的工作。Then, the third brother laughed at his two brothers after he listened to their dream jo

11、bs.聽了兩個哥哥的理想工作，老三嘲笑他兩個哥哥， Hum! They are all unimportant jobs. I will be a great architect and wear a rimless hat. 哼 ! 這些工作都不重要。我要當一名建筑師，戴無沿的帽子。His dream was to be an architect and to leave his name in posterity.他夢想成為一名建筑師，流芳百世。The third oldest brother said he would build great buildings.老三說他要建許多偉大的建

12、筑。He wanted to leave great buildings for the next generation after he died.他想死后給子孫們留下這些偉大的建筑。After listening to his brothers, the forth said that he wanted to design better buildings than his third brother.聽了哥哥們的話，老四說他設計的建筑要比老三造的更好， I will design more advanced buildings than you will build.我要設計比你造的更

13、先進的建筑。- 3 -He did not like normal materials.他不喜歡常規(guī)的建筑材料。He wanted to have buildings made of rare materials so that he could have better buildings than his third brother did.他想用更稀有的建筑材料，這樣他的建筑要比老三建造的那些更好。 I will be a critic and will criticize my brothers work. Isn t it the mostvaluable job? 我要成為一名評論家

14、，來評論哥哥們的工作。難道這不是更有價值的?The last promised to himself that he would never follow his brothers paths.老小暗自發(fā)誓，他不會走他哥哥們的路。He wanted to correct his brothers mistakes.他想糾正哥哥們的錯誤。As time went by, the oldest brother became a brick burner.時光流逝，老大成了一名燒磚工。The second brother became a bricklayer.老二成了一名砌磚匠。The third

15、 one became an architect, and the forth became an architectural designer.老三成了一名建筑師，老四成了一名建筑設計師。They all passed away after they did what they really wanted to do.做了他們真正想做的，他們全都成為他們想成為的人。 The only one left is me. 就只剩我了。The last one lived longer than any of his brothers, and he became a critic.老小活的比他的哥

16、哥們都要長，他成為了一名評論家。 I did the most important job. 我做的工作是最重要的。The last still insisted that he had the most worthwhile job among his brothers.老小依舊堅持認為他做的工作比他的哥哥們做的都要有價值。After he died, even though he could go to Heaven only with his brothers help,he murmured to himself continuously in front of the Gate of

17、 Heaven.死后，即便憑借哥哥們的幫助他才來到天堂，在天堂的門口，他還是不停的叨念。 "I am the best. " "我是最好的。" Whatever your job is, they are all of the same importance.不管你的工作是什么，它們都是同樣重要的。he Most And Least Meaiiiiigful Occupations(二)The Most And Least Meaningful Jobs 最有意義和最沒意義的職業(yè) Each year, Forbes reports on PayScale

18、 ' s list of the most meaningful jobs that also pay well. But when the caveat of income is removed, medical professionals, criminal justice workers, and youth ministers still find their way to the top of the list, while some highly-paid jobs are found to provide little meaning to those that hold

19、 them.No, 1 Mnst Meaninghil Job (tie); Orthoped Surgeon福布斯每年都會對PayScale發(fā)布的最有意義的高薪工作的榜單進行報道。當剔除和收入相關的光環(huán)后，醫(yī)學專家、 刑事司法工作者和青年導師依然能夠高居榜首，但有些從事高 薪職業(yè)的人卻發(fā)現其工作毫無意義。To create this list, PayScale asked workers in more than 400 jobs from theOccupational Information Network (O*NET) to provide compensation data an

20、d respond to questions about whether they feel their work makes the world a better place.為編制這份榜單，PayScale 邀請職業(yè)信息網絡( Occupational Information Network )中逾400種崗位上的員工分享了他們的薪酬數據，并回答有關他們是否認為其工作可以讓世 界變得更加美好等問題。Compensation, as listed here, factors in salary or hourly wages, bonuses, and additional compensa

21、tion such as profit sharing, tips, or commission, but does not include the value of stock awards, retirement plans, or benefits such as healthcare. " Median pay " is defined as the 50th percentile of national earnings for a particular occupation half of all people in that job earn above th

22、e median while half earn below.此處提到的薪酬包含月薪或者時薪、獎金以及利潤分成、小費或者傭金等其他現金收 入，但不包括股權、退休金或者醫(yī)療等非現金福利。"工資中位數”是指對于某特定職 業(yè)，在全美年薪排名第50位的水平一一在所有從事這項工作的人當中，年薪高出和低于那個中位數的員工各占一半。Topping the list for the most meaningful job is a three-way tie of jobs as different in compensation as they are in nature: orthopedic

23、surgeon, police chief, and youthminister.在最有意義的職業(yè)榜單中，骨科醫(yī)生、警察局長和青年導師并列第一，但他們的薪酬和 工作性質不盡相同。Orthopedic surgeons, those who perform surgery to correct musculoskeletal issues, take home median pay of $337,800 each year, and 100% of respondents found strong meaning in their work. The field is heavily male

24、-dominated, as is that of police chief. While these professionals don' t bring in nearly the salaries of orthopedic surgeons, 100% found their work me aningful. The job pays a respectable median of $63,100.進行骨骼修復手術的骨科醫(yī)生的年薪中位數為337,800美元，而100%勺受訪者認為其工作有深刻意義。該領域男性居多，警察局長也同樣如此。后者的年薪雖不及骨科醫(yī)生，但是 100%勺受

25、訪者認為其工作有意義。這份職業(yè)的年薪中位數也相當不錯，為 63,100美元。Youth minister, the third party in this tie for first, pays the least by far- anannual median $35,000 but 100% of respondents still find strong meaning in therole.并列該榜第一的第三份職業(yè)是青年導師，這是是目前為止三份職業(yè)中薪資最低的一一年 薪中位數為35,000美元一一但100%勺受訪者能在其工作中發(fā)現深刻的意義。While many of the role

26、s designated as" most meaningful " are management orleadership positions like elementary school principal, assisted living administrator, or executive director of a non-profit, the majority of these jobs involve working closely with people in a helpful capacity, for example, as a sign lang

27、uage interpre ter.雖然很多被認為u最有意義的u工作都是管理或者領導職位，比如小學校長、輔助生活 管理員或者非營利組織的執(zhí)行董事，但其中大多數工作需要以一種能給予幫助的方式與與 他人密切合作，比如，手語翻譯。The average salary among meaningful occupations is $85,280, compared with anto a more comparable $57,222.average $51,180 among those deemedless meaningful. But when the average is calculat

28、ed without the salary of orthopedic surgeons who outearn the next best-paid profession by more than $200,000- the average salary for the most meaningful jobs is reduced最有有意義的十種職業(yè)的平均年薪為85,280美元，相比之下，那些被認為沒意義的職業(yè)的平均年薪為51,180美元。但如果不計入骨科醫(yī)生的收入一一它要比排在第二位的高薪職業(yè)高出20多萬美元那么最有意義的職業(yè)的平均年薪會降至57,222美元，如此一來，這二者似乎更具可比

29、性。Only 7% of senior media buyers felt their jobmakes the world a better place, though it pays nearly $60,000 a year.雖然高級媒介采購專員的年薪將近6萬美元，但只有 7%勺受訪者認為其工作會令世界變得更美好。Low wage occupations such as assistant manager of a fast food outlet and shipperalso landed on the list alongside more prestigious and well

30、-compensated jobs like senior web designer, fashion designer, and merchandise planner.在十種最沒意義的職業(yè)中，除了快餐店副經理和快遞員等低收入工作，還包括高級網頁設計師、時裝設計師和店面規(guī)劃員等更受人尊敬和待遇豐厚的職業(yè)。真題鏈接高考試題一（2017年新課標卷I ）題型話題難度建議時間閱讀理解記敘文作者救助一只小貓頭鷹6分鐘I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization atBailey Arboretum in

31、 Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures - 7 -can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl（貓頭鷹 ） on the ground. WhenI arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-o

32、ld owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.I examined the chick（ 雛鳥 ） and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was fou

33、nd. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.Nowall that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the pre

34、sence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all!The homeowner called to say

35、 that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompaniedin the nest by the greatest sight of all LUNCH! The parents had done their dutyand would probably continue to do so.24. What is unavoidable in the authors r

36、escue work according to paragraph 1?A. Effortsmade inB. GettinginjuredC. FeelinguncertainD. Creatures forcedvain.in his work.about his future.out of their homes.25. Why was the author called to Muttontown?A. To rescue a woman.B. To takecare of a woman.C. Tolookat a baby owl.D. To cure a young owl.B.

37、 Some food.26 .What made the chick calm down?C. A recording.A. A new nest.D. Its parents.A. It ' s unexpected.C. It ' s humorous.27 .How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?B.It ' sbeautiful.D.It ' sdiscouraging.【話題解讀】救助小動物并沒有那么簡單，因為你所做的救助行為到最后可能都成了無用功。但無論 結果怎樣，救助小動物

38、的這種行為是美好的本文主要介紹了作者救助一只小貓頭BL給它做新的窩,幫 助它回到父母身邊的故事。24. A 【解析】推理判斷題。根據第一段中的Trying to help injured, displaced or sickcreatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.可知救助受傷的、流離失所的、生病的動物是令人心碎的，因為我們不知道救助的動物是否能活下去， 也就是說我們?yōu)榫戎鷦游锒ㄙM的努力可能會白費，這是不可避免的。故選Ao25c【解析】推理判斷題。根據第二段中的She bad fbmud a young四峭苗頭廛）an

39、 the ground. When I arrived.1 saw3-week-oldowl可知有人給作者打電話是因為有只小貓頭朦掉在地上了，作者趕過去看看情況。文中并沒有說小貓頭鷹受傷了，作者只是過去看情況所以D選項錯誤*故選C“26, A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段中的I placed the chick is die nest uid it quickly calmed down可知在 作者把小貓頭鷹放在窩里之后，它很快就安靜下來，所以是窩讓小貓頭鷹安靜下來的故選A.27, B【解析】觀點態(tài)度題。根據前文描述可知作者為小貓頭鷹做了窩，并且?guī)椭一亓怂母改福∝堫^鷹的父母還為它帶回了

40、午餐，作者的救助成功了，說明結局是美好的。再結合第一段的However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.可推測，作者感覺很美女故選Bo高考試題二（2017年新課標卷II ）題型體裁話題難度建議時間七選五說明文避免工作被打斷的幾點建議7分鐘Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you' re trying toget work done. 36 ,there are several ways to handle things.Let' s tak e

41、a lookat them now.37.Tell the person you ' re sorry and explain that you have a millionthings to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know tocome back during that time or that you ' ll find them t

42、hen.38 .It can helpto eliminate（ 消除）future interruptions.Whenyou need to someone, don' t do it in your own office. 39 , it ' s much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you areIf you have a door to

43、your office, make good use of it. 40 . If someoneknocks and it ' s not an important matter. Excuseyourself and let the person knowyou' re busy so they can get the hint（ 暗示 ）than when the door is closed,you' renot to be disturbed.A. If yo u' re busy, don ' t feel bad about saying

44、noB. When you want to avoid interruptions at workC. Set boundaries for yourself as your time goesD. If you ' re in the other person ' s office or in a public areaE. It ' s important that you let them know when you ' ll b e availableF. It might seem unkind to cut people shirt when the

45、y interrupt youG. Leave it open when you ' re available to talk and close it when you' re not【話題解讀】本文是一篇.說明文。為避免工作被打斷是一件令人感覺很糟糕的事，文章提出了幾點建議，防止此類事件的發(fā)生。,可知下文是關于幾種防止36.B 【解析】根據 there are several ways to handle things在工作中被別人打斷的方法，此句與前半句構成一個完整的句子，根據語境分析。故選B。37.A【解析】 根據后文“ Tell the person you '

46、; re sorry and explain that you have amillion things to do and then ask if the of you can talk at a different time38.E【解析】根據橫線前“that time or that you可知，學會在自己很忙的時候去拒絕別人。故選 Ahave set hours planned and let them know to come back during'll find them then "安排好時間，讓他們知道你在什么時候回來，或者告訴他們，你會去找他們，再結合后文

47、”It can help to eliminate（除）future interruptions"可知選E。3Q2D【解析】 根據后文"it's mudi eseier ta excuse youiself to get back to your work than if you try to getsomeone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are ”, 此句中 it 指代前文"don't do it in your own office "，也就是說此段中作

48、者認為比起在自己的辦公室解釋,不在自己的辦公室更容易點口 故選340.G 【解析】根據"If you have a door to your office,make good use of it."可知，此段主要是講述關于如何利用自己辦公室的門來防止被打擾。故選 G高考試題三（2017年新課標卷III ）題型體裁；話題難度建議時間語法填空記敘文學業(yè)和誘人的職業(yè)面前所做出的選擇10分鐘She looks like any other schoolgirl,fresh-facedand fullof life.Sarah Thomasis looking forward to

49、the challenge of her new A-levelcourse.But unlike her schoolfriends,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (rest).Instead, sheis earning£ 6500 a day as62 model in New York.Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britain ' s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the next year. Her fa

50、ther Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 66 (educate).She has turned down several 67 (invitation) to star at shows in ord

51、er to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 68 engineering or architecture.Sarah says, " My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69_(come) first.I don' t want to get to

52、o absorbed in modeling. It is 70 (certain)fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don' t want to have nothing else to fallback on when I can ' t model any more."【話題解讀】本文主要介紹了Sarah Thomas在學業(yè)和誘人的職業(yè)面前所做出的選擇，她認為在青少年時期要把學業(yè)放在首位。61. resting【解析】考查非謂語動詞。固定短語:spend time doing sth花費時間做某事。62. a

53、【解析】考查冠詞。 model是可數名詞，前面沒有限定詞，而此處泛指 "一個"，故填a。 63. was told / has been told【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據語境可判斷出謂語動詞應該用一般過去時或現在完成時的被動形式，又因主語Sarah是第三人稱單數，故填 was told / has been told 。64. who【解析】考查定語從句。非限制性定語從句中缺少主語，且先行詞為Sarah,指人，要用who,65. toprove1解析】考查非謂語動詞。want m do sth_想要做某事g educatian【解析】考查詞形轉換。形容詞性物主代詞

54、后面應該接名詞形式。67. invitations【解析】考查名詞單復數。several修飾可數名詞復數形式，故填 invitations 。68. in【解析】考查介詞。in表示"在某方面"，獲得某項學位"get a degree in ”。69. comes【解析】考查動詞。根據語境可知 Sarah認為當下應該是學業(yè)第一，說明現在的情況應該用 一般現在時。70. certainly【解析】考查副詞。修飾動詞應該用副詞形式，故填 certainly 。高考試題四（2017年北京卷）題型體裁；話題難度建議時間完形填空記敘文建立公益組織籌集資金幫助那些無家可歸忍饑挨

55、餓的人17分鐘Hannah Taylor is a schoolgirl from Manitoba, Canada. One day, when she was five years old, she was walking with her mother in downtown Winnipeg. They saw a man 36 out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry. Hannah was ve

56、ry 37 .She couldn ' t understand why someabout how she could 38 ,but,people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food. Hannah started to thinkof course, there is not a lot one five-year-old cando to solve（ 解決）the problem of homelessness.Later, when Hannah attended school, she saw an

57、other homeless person. It was awoman, 39 an old shopping trolley （購物車） which was piled with 40 . It seemed that everything the womanowned was in them. This made Hannah very sad, and even more 41 to do something. She had been talking to her mother about the lives of homelesspeople 42 they first saw the homeless man. Her mother told her that if she didsomething to change the problem that made her sad, she wouldn' t 43 as bad.Hannah began to speak out about the homelessness in Manitoba and then in otherprovinces. She hoped to