6-五大基本句型

1、 五大基本句型五大基本句型 What makes a sentence?Sentence elements謂語謂語 (v)定語定語 (Attr)(Attr)主語主語 (s) (s) 賓語賓語 (IO,DO)(IO,DO) 狀語狀語 (Ad)(Ad) 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ) (OC) (OC)主主語語謂謂語語Vtlink-VVi賓語賓語賓語賓語賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)表語表語賓語賓語(間)賓語賓語( (直直) )RevisionRevision表語表語 (P)(P)1) 主語（主語（subject）I like football.The boy needs a pen. 句子的主體，全句述說的對(duì)象，位于句首。句子的主體，全句

2、述說的對(duì)象，位于句首。一般由一般由 充當(dāng)。充當(dāng)。2) 謂語（謂語（predicate）說明主語的說明主語的動(dòng)作動(dòng)作或或狀態(tài)狀態(tài)。由。由 充當(dāng)。常置于主語后。充當(dāng)。常置于主語后。The train leaves at 6 oclock.I want a ticket.名詞名詞,動(dòng)詞不定式、代詞、名詞短語等動(dòng)詞不定式、代詞、名詞短語等動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞3) 賓語賓語（object）4) 表語表語（predicative）He won the game. On the desk句子中動(dòng)作的承受者。句子中動(dòng)作的承受者。由由n.adj.或相當(dāng)于或相當(dāng)于n.的詞組充當(dāng)。的詞組充當(dāng)。Tome lost his lif

3、e in the big fire.He is a student.用以表述主語的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)、身份等。用以表述主語的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)、身份等。由由n.n.或或adj.adj.充當(dāng)。置于系動(dòng)詞之后。充當(dāng)。置于系動(dòng)詞之后。5) 賓補(bǔ)（賓補(bǔ)（objective complement） 補(bǔ)充說明賓語的特征、狀態(tài)或身份補(bǔ)充說明賓語的特征、狀態(tài)或身份 。由由n. /adj. /n. /adj. /介賓介賓 / /分詞分詞 / /不定式等充當(dāng)。不定式等充當(dāng)。They made him laugh. I see you play basketball almost every day. 6) 定語（定語

4、（attributive）對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用漢語中常用的的表示表示, ,通常位于被修飾的成分通常位于被修飾的成分前。前。The black bike is mine.( )7) 狀語（狀語（adverbial）用以修飾用以修飾adj. /v. /adv.及全句及全句,位置靈活位置靈活。通常在句子通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)之后，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首；基本結(jié)構(gòu)之后，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首；修飾修飾形容詞或副詞形容詞或副詞時(shí)，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；時(shí)，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；表示表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語一般位于句

5、子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首，時(shí)放在句首，一些表示不確定時(shí)間（如：一些表示不確定時(shí)間（如：often）或程度（如：）或程度（如：almost）的副詞狀語通常位于）的副詞狀語通常位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)詞之前。詞之后，動(dòng)詞之前。I am very sorry.We often help him. When I grow up , I am going to be a teacher . （從句作時(shí)間狀語從句作時(shí)間狀語) Point 1Point 1 簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本類型簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本類型 （ five basic sentence patter

6、ns) 1.He runs.2. People make history.3. Knowledge is power. 4. He gave me a book.5. We call her Lily.主主+謂謂 ( 基本句型基本句型 一一: :( (主謂主謂) ) 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞前！前！ ( (不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞) )1. The sunrose. 2. Who cares? 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothly共同特點(diǎn)共同特點(diǎn): 謂語動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完

7、整的意思。這類謂語動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。狀語從句等。 1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.They10. He flies. rose. cooked. laughed? woke. talked for half an hour.walked yesterday have goneis playing 基本句型基本句型 二二共同特點(diǎn)：共同特點(diǎn)：謂語動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語產(chǎn)生都具有實(shí)義

8、，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。賓語，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類這類動(dòng)詞叫做動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞后！后?。▽?shí)義動(dòng)詞）（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）(賓語賓語) 1. Who 2. She 3. He 8. He 5. They 6. Danny 7. I 4. He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. donuts.to hav

9、e a cup of tea. Good morning. 基本句型 三共同特點(diǎn)：共同特點(diǎn)：句子謂語動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的句子謂語動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語必須加上一個(gè)表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，復(fù)合謂語，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞。叫做連系動(dòng)詞。系動(dòng)詞分兩類：系動(dòng)詞分兩類：(1)表示狀態(tài)的連系動(dòng)詞。這些詞有：表示狀態(tài)的連系動(dòng)詞。這些詞有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。等等。(2)表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的系

10、動(dòng)詞。這些詞有：表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的系動(dòng)詞。這些詞有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等等等 連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞后！后！Link-（系動(dòng)（系動(dòng)詞）詞）(表語表語)1. This 2. The dinner3. He 4. Everything5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face is smellsfell looks is is becameturned an English dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interest

11、ing.warmer. red. Please give me the book. = Please give the book to me. give + + = give + + to + direct object 直接賓語直接賓語 indirect object 間接賓語間接賓語 bring, give, lend, offer, pass, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask, buy, call, cook,choose, find, sing等。等。常跟雙賓語的動(dòng)詞：常跟雙賓語的動(dòng)詞：主謂間賓直賓主謂間賓直賓 基本句型基本句型

12、四四共同特點(diǎn)：共同特點(diǎn)：謂語動(dòng)詞必須跟有謂語動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語兩個(gè)賓語才才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語一個(gè)是動(dòng)能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的作的直接直接承受者，另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的承受者，另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接間接承承受者。受者。 通常這一間接承受者用一個(gè)介詞來連通常這一間接承受者用一個(gè)介詞來連接，當(dāng)動(dòng)作的間接承受者在動(dòng)作的直接承接，當(dāng)動(dòng)作的間接承受者在動(dòng)作的直接承受者之前時(shí)，這一介詞往往被省略。受者之前時(shí)，這一介詞往往被省略。（及（及物）物）IO（多（多指人）指人） D（多指物）（多指物）1. She2. She 3. He 8. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 4. He passe

13、d cooked brought bought showed gave told showed himher husband you her him him mea new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to run the machine. that the bus was late. 主謂賓賓補(bǔ)主謂賓賓補(bǔ) 基本句型基本句型 五五共同特點(diǎn)共同特點(diǎn): 動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞, 但是只跟一個(gè)賓語還但是只跟一個(gè)賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思不能表達(dá)完整的意思, 必須加上一個(gè)必

14、須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓來補(bǔ)足賓語語, 才能使意思完整。才能使意思完整。賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語: 位于位于賓語之后賓語之后對(duì)賓語作出說明的成分。對(duì)賓語作出說明的成分?？梢杂米骺梢杂米髻e語補(bǔ)足語的有名詞賓語補(bǔ)足語的有名詞, 形容詞形容詞, 不定式不定式,動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞, 分詞分詞, 介詞短語等。介詞短語等。 （及物）（及物） （賓語）（賓語）OC（賓補(bǔ)）（賓補(bǔ)）1. We 2. They3. They 4. They5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door

15、supper the house him him me them clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back soon. getting on the bus. 簡(jiǎn)單句的六種基本結(jié)構(gòu)：簡(jiǎn)單句的六種基本結(jié)構(gòu)：1. The sun rises. 2. I dont like basketball.3. Danny is tired.4. She tells me jokes.5. I helped her brush her teeth.主語主語 + 謂語謂語（不及物動(dòng)詞）（不及物動(dòng)詞）主語主語 + 謂語謂語+ 賓語賓語主語主語 + 系動(dòng)

16、詞系動(dòng)詞 + 表語表語主語主語 +謂語謂語 + 間接賓語間接賓語(人）人） + 直接賓語（物）直接賓語（物）主語主語 + 謂語謂語+ 賓語賓語 + 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _6.There 6.There is a river near my home.is a river near my home.There be+S(一一) 挑出下列句中的賓語挑出下列句中的賓語 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you l

17、earn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.(二二) 挑出下列句中的表語挑出下列句中的表語- The old man was feeling very tired.- The leaves have turned yellow.- Soon They all became interested in the subject.(四四) 挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語挑出下列句中

18、的賓語補(bǔ)足語 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.5.The palaces were large and beautiful.6.Horse-riding,hammer throw and shooting are some of the more unusua

19、l events.8.I will pick up rubbish from the ground.9.You can plant a tree or build a birdhouse.10.I will tell my friends to protect the environment.1. He feels disappointed. 2. I love operas.3. She always tells me jokes. 4. The children cried and shouted every day. 5. The smiling faces of his childre

20、n made him happy again. 6. She is quiet and shy. 7. My father bought me a useful dictionary.8. Mrs. Von Trapp died.9. She taught the children to sing lively songs and perform short and funny plays to cheer them up. 10.You may become unhappy sometimes. Find out the structures of the following sentenc

21、es. S + VS + V + OS + V + PS + V + O +OCS + V + PS + V + IO + DOS + VS + V + O + OCS + V + IO + DOS + V + P_ _ A Lebanese who had left the country for Syria during the conflict between Israel and Hizbollah, returns with her family following the ceasefire, at the Lebanon-Syria border in Magdel Anjar

22、August 14, 2006. S + V A 53-point win over South Korea wrapped up a perfect Asian exhibition tour for a star-studded U.S. team on its way to the world championships. S + V + O According to the current information held by the Chinese authorities, a verdict arrived at by the United Nations Food and Ag

23、riculture Organization (FAO) and the bird flu research and test centre of Thailand was arbitrary and based on the fact that the virus found in Thailand and Laos was similar to recent finds in southern China, the ministrys statement said. s+link-v+p First put forward by the French mathematician Pierr

24、e de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique. 這個(gè)定理，先是由十七世紀(jì)法國數(shù)學(xué)

25、家皮爾法特提出，這個(gè)定理，先是由十七世紀(jì)法國數(shù)學(xué)家皮爾法特提出，曾使一批杰出的數(shù)學(xué)大師為難，包括一位法國女科學(xué)家曾使一批杰出的數(shù)學(xué)大師為難，包括一位法國女科學(xué)家，她在解決這個(gè)難題方面取得了重大的進(jìn)展，她曾女扮，她在解決這個(gè)難題方面取得了重大的進(jìn)展，她曾女扮男裝為了能夠在伊科爾理工學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)。男裝為了能夠在伊科爾理工學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)。簡(jiǎn)析：夾雜過去分詞短語，現(xiàn)在分詞短語，動(dòng)名簡(jiǎn)析：夾雜過去分詞短語，現(xiàn)在分詞短語，動(dòng)名詞及兩個(gè)定語從句。詞及兩個(gè)定語從句。S+v+o實(shí)際應(yīng)用實(shí)際應(yīng)用 I He sent me an e-mail, _ to get further information. A. hoped B

26、. hoping C. to hope D. hope實(shí)際應(yīng)用實(shí)際應(yīng)用I _ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. A. Sleep B. Sleeping C. To sleep D. Having slept實(shí)際應(yīng)用實(shí)際應(yīng)用I _ at the door before entering, please. A. Knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock 實(shí)際應(yīng)用實(shí)際應(yīng)用I _ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. A. Giving B. G

27、ive C. Given D. To give實(shí)際應(yīng)用實(shí)際應(yīng)用IThe manager, _ his factorys products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training. A. knowing B. known C. to know D. being known 實(shí)際應(yīng)用實(shí)際應(yīng)用I7. It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader. A. interested; interest B. interesting;

28、be interested C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest 實(shí)際應(yīng)用實(shí)際應(yīng)用I Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing 實(shí)際應(yīng)用實(shí)際應(yīng)用IThe flowers _ sweet i

29、n the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smell D. to be smelt實(shí)際應(yīng)用實(shí)際應(yīng)用I English has a large vocabulary, hasnt it? -Yes, _ more words and expressions and youll find it easier to read and communicate. A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known 實(shí)際應(yīng)用實(shí)際應(yīng)用IReading is an experienc