數(shù)學(xué)用語的英文讀法

1、數(shù)學(xué)式和數(shù)學(xué)用語的英文讀法一、Number 數(shù)字106：one million109：one billion (or one thousand million)1012 ：one trillion (or one million million)1015 ：one quadrillion(or one thousand million million)1018 ：one quintillion (or one million million million)二、Fractions 分?jǐn)?shù)通常將分子讀為基數(shù)，將分母讀為序數(shù)。1/2：a (or one) half1/3：a (or one) thi

2、rd1/4：a quarter or one fourth2/3 ： two thirds, two over three, or two by three9/10： nine tenths, nine over ten, or nine by ten4%o：four per mill (or mil)三、Decimals 小數(shù)：zero (or naught) point four.01： point (or decimal) naught (or oh) one：twelve point three four：thirty point four five,.:point three rep

3、eating (or recurring)四、Mathematic Forms 數(shù)學(xué)式(4-1) Addition 加法1+2=3： One and two are three.2+3=5： Two plus three equals five.4+0=4： Four and naught is equal to four.45+70+152=267 ：45, 70 and 152 added are (or make) 267the sum (or total) is 267.(4-2) Subtraction 減法(4-3) Multiplicatio n 乘法(4-4) Division

4、 除法五、Power幕次方bn當(dāng)中， b被稱為底數(shù) (base), n被稱為指數(shù) (power or exponent) bn: the nth power of b 或 b to the nth power.a 107 : a times the seventh power of ten. b 的平方：b square or b squaredb 的立方：b cube or b cubed b 的 4 次方： b to the fourth b 的-1 次方： b to the minus one八、其它log(x):the logarithm of xlogb(x):the logarit

5、hm of x to the base b5 : 3：five to three45 度角： forty-five degree angle二元一次方程式：lin ear (or simple) equati on with two unknowns一元二次方程式：quadratic equati on with one unknown九、符號的英文讀法(9-1)Pu nctuati on Marks 標(biāo)點符號中文英文中文英文§分節(jié)號secti on; divisi on-破折號dasho句號period/斜線virgule; slash逗號comma反斜線backslash:冒號c

6、olo n波浪號tilde (or swu ng dash)?分號semico lon省略號ellipsis!驚嘆號exclamati on()圓括號pare nthesesat1 1單引號sin gle quotati on marks1所有格號apostrophe雙引號double quotati on marks問號questi on mark法文引號或書名號French quotes占八、dot方括號(square) brackets*星號asterisk (or star) 大括號braces盡穴口刖號arrowII雙線號parallel(9-2) Mathematical Symb

7、ols (I) 數(shù)學(xué)符號 (一)中文英文中文英文=尺K 口 等號is equal to>不大于is not more tha n不等號is not equal to%百分之per cen t (or perce nt)約等于is approximately equal to%o千分之per mill (or mil)<小于is less tha n三全等號is equivale nt to>大于is more tha ns約等于is approximately equal to小于等于is less tha n or equal to; is no more tha nX與成

8、比例varies as大于等于is more tha n or equal to; is no less tha noo無限大infinity<不小于is not less tha n&以及and (or ampersa nd)(9-3) Mathematical Symbols (II) 數(shù)學(xué)符號 (二)中文英文中文英文+加號正號plusV平方根(square) root減號負(fù)號min us/積分in tegral ofX乘號is multiplied byE總和summati on of除號is divided byo度degree±正負(fù)號plus or minus

9、/分mi nute因為sin ce; becauseft秒second所以hencec攝氏cen tigrade角an gleF華氏(degree) Fahre nheit半圓semicirclen!n階乘the factorial of no圓circleAhato圓周circumfere nee|a|a的絕對值the absolute value of an圓周率pilog a對數(shù)(com mon) logarithm三角形tria ngleln a自然對數(shù)n atural logarithm丄垂直is perpe ndicular tosin正弦si neu合集union ofcos余弦

10、cosi nen交集in tersecti on oftan正切tangent#數(shù)字n umbercot余切cota ngent$美元dollarsec正割seca ntf(a)a的函式the function of acsc余割cosecant十、Com mon Words in Mathematics 數(shù)學(xué)常用字匯(10-1) Scienee 科學(xué)公理axiom推論corollary定理theorem反例cou nterexample定律law; pri nciple演繹deduct (v); deducti on(n)證明prove; verify歸納in duct (v); in du

11、cti on(n)假設(shè)；假說hypothesis; hypotheses(pl.)經(jīng)驗式的heuristic命題propositi on算法algorithm(10-2) Numbers 數(shù)數(shù)n umber十進(jìn)制decimal system數(shù)字digit二進(jìn)制binary system自然數(shù)n atural n umber十六進(jìn)制hexadecimal system整數(shù)in teger有理數(shù)rati onal n umber小數(shù)decimal; decimal fraction; decimalfigure無理數(shù)irrati onal n umber小數(shù)點decimal point實數(shù)real

12、 n umber循環(huán)小數(shù)recurring decimal; periodic decimal;repeat ing decimal虛數(shù)imag inary n umber無盡小數(shù)infinite decimal復(fù)數(shù)complex n umber正positive有效數(shù)字sig nifica nt digit負(fù)n egative無效數(shù)字in sig nifica nt digit零n ull, zero, n aught, nil因子factor無窮大infinite(a.) infinity(n.)公因子com mon factor無窮小infini tesimal倍數(shù)multiple分?jǐn)?shù)f

13、racti on公倍數(shù)common multiple分子n umerator質(zhì)數(shù)prime n umber分母denomin ator因式分解factorizati on(n); factorize(v)倒數(shù)reciprocal; in verse近似值approximate value(10-3)Operations (I) 運(yùn)算(一)加plus(prep.); add(v.); additi on(n.)被乘數(shù)multiplica nd; facie nd被加數(shù)auge nd; summa nd乘數(shù)multiplier; multiplicator加數(shù)addend積product和sum除

14、dividedby(prep.);divide(v.);divisio n(n.)減minus(prep.);subtract©.);subtracti on (n.)被除數(shù)divide nd被減數(shù)minuend除數(shù)divisor減數(shù)subtrahe nd商quotie nt乘times(prep.);multiply©.);multiplicati on(n.)余數(shù)rema in der(10-4)Operations (II)運(yùn)算(二)計算calculati on對數(shù)logarithm運(yùn)算operati on指數(shù)；幕；乘方exp onent; power算術(shù)arithm

15、etic二次方；平方square運(yùn)算符operator三次方；立方cube譬r.等于equals, is equal to, is equivale nt to四次方the power of four;the fourth power大于is greater tha nn次方the power of n;xuththe n power小于is lesser tha n開方evoluti on; extracti onis more tha n or equal to;二次方根；square root大等is no less tha n平方根is less tha n or equal to;三

16、次方根；cube root小等is no more tha n立方根比ratio四次方根the root of four;the fourth root進(jìn)位carryn次方根the root of n; the nth root通分reducti on to a com mon denomin ator截尾trun cati on約分reducti on of a fracti on四舍五入rou nd微積分calculus下舍入floor (or round dow n)微分differe ntial上舍入ceil (or round up)偏微分partial differe ntial絕

17、對值absolute value; modulus導(dǎo)數(shù)derivative階乘factorial積分in tegral內(nèi)積inner product定積分definite integral加權(quán)weight, sig nifica nee不定積分indefinite integral轉(zhuǎn)換tran sform差分differe nee旋積con voluti on(10-5) Algebras and Fun ctio ns 代數(shù)與函數(shù)代數(shù)algebra方程式equati on; fun cti on系數(shù)coefficie nt公式formula; formulae(pl.)未知數(shù)unknown;

18、 x-factor; y-factor; z-factor恒等式ide ntity常數(shù)con sta nt單項式mono mial變數(shù)variable多項式polyno mial; mult ino mial函數(shù)fun cti onn次多項式nth order polyno mial定義域domain; field of definition一次方程lin ear (or simple) equati on值域range二次方程quadratic equati on等式equality三次方程cubic equati on不等式in equalitym元n次方程式nth order equat

19、i on with m unknowns(10-6) Properties 性質(zhì)極限limit奇偶性parity正交orthog on al(a); orthogo nality( n)對稱性symmetry交換律commutativity可逆性reversibility結(jié)換律associativity單調(diào)性monotoni city分配律distributivity周期性periodicity(10-7) Sets and Logic 集合與邏輯集合set; aggregate聯(lián)集union元素eleme nt補(bǔ)集compleme nt子集subset充分條件sufficie nt con

20、diti on空集void必要條件n ecessary con diti on交集in tersecti on充分且必要if and only if(10-8) Geometry (I) 幾何(一)幾何geometry頂點vertex占八、poi nt邊side線line直角邊leg面pla ne斜邊hypote nuse體solid底base平行parallel高h(yuǎn)eight相交in tersect三角形tria ngle垂直;正交perpendicular; vertical; orthogonal銳角三角形acute tria ngle角an gle直角三角形right tria ngl

21、e角度degree鈍角三角形obtuse tria ngle弧度radia n不等邊三角形scale ne tria ngle銳角acute an gle等邊三角形equilateral tria ngle直角right an gle等腰三角形isosceles tria ngle鈍角obtuse an gle四邊形quadrilateral平角straight an gle長len gth周角perigo n寬width圓circle對角線diago nal圓心cen tre(BrE), cen ter(AmE)平行四邊形parallelogram半徑radius矩形recta ngle直徑

22、diameter正方形square圓周率Pi菱形rhomb; rhombus;rhombi(pL);diam ond弧arc梯形trapezoid半圓semicircle直角梯形right trapezoid扇形sector; fan等腰梯形isosceles trapezoid環(huán)ring五邊形pen tag on橢圓ellipse六邊形hexagon圓周circumfere nee七邊形heptag on面積area八邊形octag on周長perimeter九邊形enneagon勾股定理Pythagorea n theorem十邊形decagon多邊形polyg on十一邊形hendeca

23、gon正多邊形equilateral polygo n十二邊形dodecagon(10-9) Geometry (II)幾何(二)相似similar球sphere全等con grue nt半球hemisphere立方體cube圓錐cone多面體polyhedr on圓柱cyli nder三角錐pyramid圓臺frustum of a cone三角柱prism內(nèi)切圓in scribed circle棱臺frustum of a prism外切圓circum circle四面體tetrahedro n空間space五面體pen tahedr on維dime nsion六面體hexahedro n

24、n維n-dime nsion平行六面體parallelepipedn度空間n-dime nsional space七面體heptahedr on三角trigo no metry八面體octahedro n正弦si ne九面體enneahedr on余弦cos ine十面體decahedro n正切tangent十一面體hendecahedro n余切cota ngent十二面體dodecahedro n正割seca nt二十面體icosahedr on余割cosecant底面un dersurface反正弦arc sine內(nèi)心incen tre(BrE), i ncen ter(AmE)反余弦

25、arc cos ine外心exce ntre(BrE), exce nter(AmE)反正切arc tangent旁心esce ntre(BrE), esce nter(AmE)反余切arc cota ngent垂心orthoce ntre(BrE), orthoce nter(AmE)反正割arc seca nt重心baryce ntre(BrE), baryce nter(AmE)反余割arc coseca nt體積volume投影projecti on表面積surface area旋轉(zhuǎn)rotati on(10-10) Geometry (III): Li nes and Coord in ates幾何 (三):線與坐標(biāo)軌跡locus, loci(pl.)向量vector坐標(biāo)系coord in ate象限quadra nt直角坐標(biāo)系Cartesia n coord in ate system線段segme nt圓坐標(biāo)系polar coord in ate system直線straight line球坐標(biāo)系spherical coord in ate system曲線；弧線curve軸axis射線radial坐標(biāo)軸x-axis, y-axis, z-axis雙曲線hyperbola橫坐標(biāo)x-coord in ate拋物線parabola縱坐標(biāo)y-coord