《英語語言學(xué)概論》精選試習(xí)題學(xué)生版

1、英語語言學(xué)概論精選試題11. Which of the following statements about language is NOT true A. Language is a system B. Language is symbolicC. Animals also have language D. Language is arbitrary 2. Which of the following features is NOT one of the design features of language A. Symbolic B. Duality C. Productive D. A

2、rbitrary 3. What is the most important function of language A. Interpersonal B. Phatic C. Informative D. Metalingual4. Who put forward the distinction between Langue and Parole A. Saussure B. Chomsky C. Halliday D. Anonymous 5. According to Chomsky, which is the ideal user's internalized knowled

3、ge of his language A. competence B. parole C. performance D. langue 6. The function of the sentence "A nice day, isn't it" is . A. informative B. phatic C. directive D. performative 7. Articulatory phonetics mainly studies . A. the physical properties of the sounds produced in speech B

4、. the perception of sounds C. the combination of sounds D. the production of sounds 8. The distinction between vowels and consonants lies in . A. the place of articulation B. the obstruction of airstream C. the position of the tongue D. the shape of the lips 9. Which is the branch of linguistics whi

5、ch studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription A. Phonetics B. Phonology C. Semantics D. Pragmatics 10. Which studies the sound systems in a certain language A. Phonetics B. Phonology C. Semantics D. Pragmatics 11. Minimal

6、 pairs are used to . A. find the distinctive features of a language B. find the phonemes of a language C. compare two words D. find the allophones of language 12. Usually, suprasegmental features include _ ,length and pitch. A. phoneme B. speech sounds C. syllables D. stress 13. Which is an indispen

7、sable part of a syllable A. Coda B. Onset C. Stem D. Peak 三、判斷1.The analyst collects samples of the language as it is used, not according to some views of how it should be used. This is called the prescriptive approach. F2.Broad transcription is normally used by the phoneticians in their study of sp

8、eech sounds. F臺州學(xué)院考試題1. Articulatory Phonetics studies the physical properties of speech sounds. 2. English is a typical intonation language. 3. Phones in complementary distribution should be assigned to the same phoneme. 4. Linguistic c_ is a native speakers linguistic knowledge of his language.1.

9、The relationship between the sound and the meaning of a word is a_.2. P _ refers to the realization of langue in actual use.3. Linguistics is generally defined as the s _ study of language.1. Which of the following branch of linguistics takes the inner structure of word as its main object of study?A

10、. Phonetics. B. Semantics. C. Morphology. D. Sociolinguistics.3. Which of the following is a voiceless bilabial stop?A. w. B. m. C. b. D. p.6. What phonetic feature distinguishes the p in please and the p in speakA.Voicing B. Aspiration C. Roundness D. Nasality11. Conventionally a _ is put in slashe

11、s. A. allophone B. phone C. phoneme D. morpheme13. Language is tool of communication. The symbol “highway closed” serves_. A. an expressive function B. an informative functionC. a performative function D. a persuasive function14. Which of the following groups of words is a minimal pair? A. but/pub B

12、. wet/which C. cool/curl D. fail/find16. What are the dual structures of language? A. Sounds and letters. B. Sounds and meaning. C. Letters and meaning. D. Sounds and symbols.19. Which of the following is one of the core branches of linguistics?A. Phonology. B. Psycho-linguistics. C. Sociolinguistic

13、s. D. Anthropology.IV. Translate the following linguistic terms: (10 points, 1 point each) A. From English to Chinese B. From Chinese to English 1. acoustic phonetics 6. 應(yīng)用語言學(xué) 2. closed class words 4. distinctive features VI. Answer the following questions briefly. (20 points)1. Define phoneme. (4 p

14、oints)2. Explain complementary distribution with an example.(5 points)3. What are the four criteria for classifying English vowels. (4 points)問答答案1. A contrastive phonological segment whose phonetic realizations are predictable by rules. (4 points)(or: A phoneme is a phonological unit; it is a unit

15、that is of distinctive value.)2. The situation in which phones never occur in the same phonetic environment.（4 points）e.g. p and ph never occur in the same position. （1 point）3. the position of the tongue in the mouth(1 point), the openness of the mouth(1 point), the shape of the lips(1 point), and

16、the length of the vowels. (1 point) Chapter 1  Introductions to LinguisticsI.        Choose the best answer. (20%)1.    Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human   _A. contact    B. communication  &#

17、160;    C. relation          D. Community2.    Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary? A. tree      B. typewriter         C. crash            D

18、. Bang3.   The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degrees Centigrade.” is  _. A. interrogative     B. directive     C. informative       D. Performative4.     In Chinese when someone br

19、eaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say“碎碎（歲歲）平安”as a means of controlling the forces which they believes feel might affect their lives. Which functions does it perform? A. Interpersonal    B. Emotive     C. Performative   

20、    D. Recreational5.  Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation? A. Transferability 

21、60; B. Duality      C. Displacement        D. Arbitrariness6.  Study the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functions of language?         A nice day, isnt it?     &#

22、160;   Right! I really enjoy the sunlight. A. Emotive        B. Phatic       C. Performative       D. Interpersonal7.  _ refers to the actual realization of the ideal language users  knowledge of

23、 the rules of his language in utterances.A. Performance  B. Competence     C. Langue         D. Parole8.        When a dog is barking, you assume it is barking for something or at someone that exists hear and now. I

24、t couldnt be sorrowful for some lost love or lost bone. This indicates the design feature of _.A. cultural transmission   B. productivity   C. displacement       D. Duality9.    _ answers such questions as how we as infants acquire our first language

25、.A.Psycholinguistics  B.Anthropological linguisticsC. Sociolinguistics      D. Applied linguistics10.  _ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education.A. Linguistic theory      B. Practical linguisticsC. Applied linguis

26、tics                 D. Comparative linguisticsII.        Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)11.        Language is a means of verbal communication. Th

27、erefore, the communication way used by the deaf-mute is not language. F13.        Speaking is the quickest and most efficient way of the human communication systems.14.        Language is written because writing is the primary medium for al

28、l languages. F15.        We were all born with the ability to acquire language, which means the details of any language system can be genetically transmitted. F16.        Only human beings are able to communicate. F17.     &#

29、160;  F. de Saussure, who made the distinction between langue and parole in the early 20th century, was a French linguist. F18.        A study of the features of the English used in Shakespeares time is an example of the diachronic歷時 study of language. F19.

30、60;       Speech and writing came into being at much the same time in human history.F20.        All the languages in the world today have both spoken and written forms. FIII.        Fill in the blanks. (10%)21. 

31、;   Language, broadly speaking, is a means of _verbal_ communication.22.        In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences based on limited rules. This feature is usually termed _creativity_.23.&#

32、160;       Language has many functions. We can use language to talk about itself. This function is _.24.        Theory that primitive man made involuntary vocal noises while performing heavy work has been called the _yo-he-ho_ theory.25.  &

33、#160;     Linguistics is the _systematic_ study of language.26.        Modern linguistics is _ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rules for people to observe.27.       

34、 One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of _ over writing.28.        The description of a language as it changes through time is a _ study.29.        Saussure put forward two important concepts. _ refers to the abs

35、tract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community.30.        Linguistic potential is similar to Saussures langue and Chomskys _.IV.        Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)31.      

36、0; Design feature32.        Displacement33.        Competence34.        Synchronic linguisticsV.        Answer the following questions. (20%)35.       

37、; Why do people take duality as one of the important design features of human language Can you tell us what language will be if it has no such design feature （南開大學(xué)，2004）35.        Duality makes our language productive. A large number of different units can be forme

38、d out of a small number of elements for instance, tens of thousands of words out of a small set of sounds, around 48 in the case of the English language. And out of the huge number of words, there can be astronomical number of possible sentences and phrases, which in turn can combine to form unlimit

39、ed number of texts. Most animal communication systems do not have this design feature of human language.If language has no such design feature, then it will be like animal communicational system which will be highly limited. It cannot produce a very large number of sound combinations, e.g. words, wh

40、ich are distinct in meaning.Chapter 2   Speech SoundsI.        Choose the best answer. (20%)1. Pitch variation is known as _ when its patterns are imposed on sentences.A. intonation   B. tone      C. pronunciation   

41、0;     D. voice2.  Conventionally a _ is put in slashes (/ /).A. allophone        B. phone        C. phoneme        D. morpheme3. An aspirated p, an unaspirated p and an unreleased

42、 p are _ of the p phoneme.A. analogues       B. tagmemes      C. morphemes     D. allophones4.        The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as  _. A. glottis      

43、;   B. vocal cavity        C. pharynx              D. uvula6. A phoneme is a group of similar sounds called _. A. minimal pairs   B. allomorphs   C. phones      

44、; D. allophones7. Which branch of phonetics concerns the production of speech sounds? A. Acoustic phonetics           B. Articulatory phoneticsC. Auditory phonetics            D. None of the above8. Which

45、one is different from the others according to places of articulation? A. n         B. m             C. b               D. p9. Which vowel is different from the others acc

46、ording to the characteristics of vowels?A. i:           B. u                 C. e             D. i 10. What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibra

47、ting? A. Voiceless        B. Voiced      C. Glottal stop        D. ConsonantII.        Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)11. Suprasegmental phonology

48、refers to the study of phonological properties of units larger than the segment-phoneme, such as syllable, word and sentence.12. The air stream provided by the lungs has to undergo a number of modification to acquire the quality of a speech sound.14. p is a voiced bilabial stop.15. Ac

49、oustic phonetics is concerned with the perception of speech sounds.16. All syllables must have a nucleus but not all syllables contain an onset and a coda.17.When pure vowels or monophthongs are pronounced, no vowel glides take place.18. According to the length or tenseness of the pronunci

50、ation, vowels can be divided into tense vs. lax or long vs. short.III.        Fill in the blanks. (20%)21.        Consonant sounds can be either _ or _, while all vowel sounds are _.23.        The qualities of

51、vowels depend upon the position of the _ and the lips.25.        Consonants differ from vowels in that the latter are produced without _.26.        In phonological analysis the words fail / veil are distinguishable simply because of the two

52、 phonemes /f/ - /v/. This is an example for illustrating _.27.        In English there are a number of _, which are produced by moving from one vowel position to another through intervening positions.28.        _ refers to the phenomenon of

53、 sounds continually show the influence of their neighbors.29.        _ is the smallest linguistic unit.IV.        Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)31.        Sound assimilation32.   &

54、#160;    Suprasegmental feature33.        Complementary distribution34.        Distinctive featuresV.        Answer the following questions. (20%)35. What is acoustic phonetics（中國人民大學(xué)，2003）3

55、6. What are the differences between voiced sounds and voiceless sounds in terms of articulation（南開大學(xué)，2004）VI.        Analyze the following situation. (20%)37.        Write the symbol that corresponds to each of the following phonetic descriptions; then give an English word tha