教案五名詞性從句

1、第五講 名詞性從句u 名詞性從句在高考中的考查重點(diǎn)：1. that和what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別；2.名詞從句的語序和時(shí)態(tài)；3. it作形式主語、形式賓語的幾種情況；4.賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移；5.whether和if的用法區(qū)別；6.what在名詞性從句中的使用；7.doubt后的名詞性從句的使用；8.Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法區(qū)別；高考指南-目標(biāo)需求化【2013北京】31. makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. A. ThatB. What C

2、. Who D. Which【解析】B考查名詞性從句。此題題干部分is為系動詞，the creative imagination of the writer為表語，故is之前為主語從句。從句中缺少主語指事物，故填what。意為：使得這本書如此不同尋常的是整理富于創(chuàng)造的想象力?！?013北京】33. Experts believe people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. A. whyB. whereC. thatD. what【解析】C考查名詞性從句。動詞believe之后為賓語從句，從句陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，不

3、缺少成分，故使用that表陳述?！?013湖南】28. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory. A. howB. thatC. whichD. where【解析】A考查名詞性從句。動詞tell之后為賓語從句，再可以看出賓語從句部分為感嘆句轉(zhuǎn)換而來，描述形容詞close用how，故選A?！?013江西】30._ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.A. WhoeverB. What

4、everC. WhicheverD. Wherever【解析】C考查名詞性從句。主句謂語為will have to pay，之前為主語從句，根據(jù)句意，無論你們其中哪個(gè)人弄壞窗子都得為之賠償。whichever“無論哪一個(gè)”，故選C。【2013山東】30. Its good to know _ the dogs will be well cared for while were away. A. what B. whoseC. which D. that 【解析】D考查名詞性從句。動詞know之后為賓語從句，從句中不缺少成分，故用that表陳述一件實(shí)事?！?013陜西】20. It remain

5、s to be seen the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice. A. that B. which C. what D. whether【解析】D考查名詞性從句。題干中it作形式主語，真正主語為橫線后的主語從句。判斷主語從句中不缺少主干成分，因此排除代詞BC兩項(xiàng)；“有待被觀察”的事情應(yīng)是不確定的事而不是表陳述，即排除表陳述的that應(yīng)用whether表“是否”?！?013四川】6. _ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the compan

6、y.A. When B. How C. What D. That【解析】C考查名詞性從句。此句謂語動詞為describes，之前的部分即為主語從句。主語從句中缺少謂語said的賓語，故選用代詞what作said的賓語引導(dǎo)主語從句； that在名詞性從句中不做成分，只表陳述的語氣；而when和how為副詞，不能做主干成分。【2013天津】15. I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.A. That B. Which C. Whether D. What【解析】D考查名詞性從句。主句謂語為is，之

7、前為主語從句，從句中缺少動詞tell的直接賓語，指事物，故填what；而which意為“哪一個(gè)”，that、whether均不做成分?！?013新課標(biāo)I卷】26. Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue.A. whichB. whereC. howD. what【解析】D考查名詞性從句。動詞found后所接為賓語從句，從句中缺少主語指事物，故填上代詞what?！?013浙江】16.The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ y

8、ou are better than anyone else on the sports field. A. how B. that C. which D. whether【解析】B考查名詞性從句。此處belief后所接的從句對其內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋說明，故為同位語從句，陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)?！?013重慶】28. struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.A. That B. It C. What D. Which【解析】C考查名詞性從句。主句謂語動詞was之前為主語從句；主語從句中缺少主語指事物，故使用代詞what；

9、that表陳述，不做成分；which表示在確定范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行選擇，譯為“哪一個(gè)”?！?013安徽】21From space, the earth looks blue. This is about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. A. why B. how C. because D. whether【解析】C考查名詞性從句。此處考查表語從句。根據(jù)句意：地球看起來是藍(lán)色的。這是因?yàn)槠浔砻?1%是被水覆蓋的?？键c(diǎn)解析-知識系統(tǒng)化復(fù)合句 = 簡單句 + 關(guān)系連詞 + 簡單句名詞性從句的界定與分類定義 一個(gè)句子在另一個(gè)句子中充

10、當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、同位語，相當(dāng)于名詞，故稱為名詞性從句。從屬連詞 that, if, whether; 連接代詞 who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever, what, whatever, whose; 連接副詞 where, when, why, how。 其中, 從屬連詞只起連接作用, 在從句中不充當(dāng)任何句法成分, 而連接代詞和連接副詞既起連接作用, 在從句中又充當(dāng)一定的成分. 名詞性從句均不能用逗號和主句分開。一、主語從句一個(gè)句子在另一個(gè)句子中充當(dāng)主語，即句子充當(dāng)主語，該句子稱為主語從句?！就瓿衫洹?根據(jù)句意選詞填空(that, i

11、f, whether, why, when, what) (1) he will succeed is certain. (2) he will go there is not known. (3) he said is not true. (4) the meeting will be held has not been decided yet. 答案: That，Whether，When，What【結(jié)論】 that從句，從句為一個(gè)句意完整的陳述句，沒有具體意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，只起標(biāo)志性作用，但that 不能省略。 whether 從句，從句來源于一般疑問句，whether不能省略，意為“

12、是否”，不能用if替換。 特殊疑問詞從句，從句來源于特殊疑問句，特殊疑問詞不能省略，意思為特殊疑問詞本來的意思，在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分?！疽呻y點(diǎn)探究】1. Who is he is none of my business. （改錯）【疑難剖析1】Who he is is none of my business.任何從句要用陳述句語序，即主謂語序。2. What he said at the meeting makes me sad. （改錯）【疑難剖析2】What he said at the meeting made me sad.主句時(shí)態(tài)為過去時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)為過去的某一時(shí)態(tài)；主句時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或

13、將來時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)視具體情況而定。3. That 2010 Asian Games are successful is known to all. （改錯）【疑難剖析3】That 2010 Asian Games are successful is known to all. 單個(gè)句子作主語，視為單數(shù)。4. （判斷是主語從句還是強(qiáng)調(diào)句）It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film. It doesn't interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning tha

14、t the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 【疑難剖析4】1主語從句通常由it充當(dāng)形式主語，而本身放在句子末尾。it作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)也可用who / whom。5. 用 what 與that 填空在引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別 you said yesterday is right. she is still alive is a consolation. 答案What

15、 That【疑難剖析】 what 與that在引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別：what 引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語，而that則不充當(dāng)任何成分。二、賓語從句 在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句是賓語從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞 (及物動詞)或介詞之后?！就瓿衫洹扛鶕?jù)句意選詞填空(that, if, whether, where, what，who) (1)I heard he joined the army. (2)She did not know had happened. I wonder you can change this note for me. 答案：that ，what，whe

16、ther，【結(jié)論】由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(that 通?？梢允÷?，that在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分。 由what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，what在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語。 whether (if)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用，意為“是否”。1. 引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)if和whether的區(qū)別（用if或whether填空） I asked her she had a bike. They discussed they will go back right now. We're worried about he is safe. I don't know or no

17、t he will come. I don't know to go. 答案：if / whether，whether，whether，whether，whether【疑難剖析1】引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)用if和whether都可以，但有只用whether的特殊情況：動詞discuss后；介詞后；whether與or not連用時(shí)； whether to do。 2. 翻譯：I don't think this dress fits you well. 【疑難剖析2】否定的轉(zhuǎn)移：若主句謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fanc

18、y, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。三、表語從句 在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句為表語從句，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語連系動詞表語從句”。【根據(jù)句意用填空】 (8) The question is we can make good preparation in such a short time. (9) This is we can't get the support of the people. (10) But the fact remains we are behind the other classes.

19、(11) The reason he is late for school is he missed the early bus. 答案：whether，why ，that ，that， 【結(jié)論1】 完整陳述句充當(dāng)表語時(shí)用that引導(dǎo)，且不可省略； 表“是否”含義時(shí)用whether； 語義不完整時(shí)根據(jù)情況選用對應(yīng)的特殊疑問詞，如what，when，where，why等； 兩種特殊句型：the reason is that和It is because結(jié)構(gòu)。四、同位語從句 在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句為同位語從句。同位語從句對名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo)，可以接

20、同位語從句的名詞主要有：fact, information, problem, decision, suggestion, proposal, order等?！疽呻y1】同位語在句子中的位置（劃分句子成分） He got the news from Mary than the sports meeting was put off.【疑難剖析1】同位語從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。 【疑難2】同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別 (試比較)The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year. 他告訴我的消息

21、是湯姆明年將出國。The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. 湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。 【疑難剖析2】 (1)定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)可以在從句中作某個(gè)成分(主語或賓語)，而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。(2)定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述名詞的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞的具體內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。鞏固提高-方法能力化【2012陜西卷】20. As many five courses are provided, and you

22、 are free to choose _ suits you best.A whateverB. whichever C. wheneverD. wherever【解析】B 考查名詞性從句。所填詞引導(dǎo)的從句做動詞choose的賓語，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中做主語，意思是：無論哪件，選B。其余選項(xiàng)與句意不符?！?012北京卷】24. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently. A. why B. how C. that D. whether【解析】 C。從句考查，賓語

23、從句不缺少成分用that引導(dǎo)?！?012江西卷】25It suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys in the office.AwhetherBwhereCwhichDthat【解析】D it作形式主語，真正的主語為that he had left his keys in the office。且that在句中無意義，并不充當(dāng)任何成分。【2012重慶卷】34. Evdence has been found through years of study_ childrens early sleeping problem likely to co

24、ntinue when they grow up. A. why B. how C. whether D. that【解析】D分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空白處后面為句子主語“Evidence”的同位語從句，在這一從句中，句意完整，不缺少成分，應(yīng)該使用“that”作為引導(dǎo)詞。因此，正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。 【2012安徽卷】27.The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. A. w

25、here B. whether C. that D. why 【解析】首先把插入語generally speaking刪掉，選擇B.本題考查名詞性從句，but whether he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.【2012全國新課程】24. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.A. how B. which C. that D. what【解析】D此處it是形式主語，what引導(dǎo)的是主語從句，作真正的主語。What作do的賓語。句意

26、：總統(tǒng)采取什么行動結(jié)束這次罷工一點(diǎn)也不清楚?！?012山東卷】25. It doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card in this store. A. howB. whetherC. whatD. why 【解析】B此處it是形式主語，后面whether.or引導(dǎo)的主語從句是真正的主語，whether.or意為：是還是都行。句意：在這個(gè)商店中用現(xiàn)金或信用卡支付都可以。【2012福建卷】35. We promise attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie

27、star. A. whoB. whom C. whoever D. whomever【解析】C首先本句考查的關(guān)鍵短語是promise sb sth“向某人承諾某事“本句指的是向參加聚會的人提供一個(gè)和電影明星合影的機(jī)會，不定式做chance的定語，然后就是參加聚會的任何人whoever=anyone who，這樣句子就很清晰了，所以劃分句子成分非常關(guān)鍵，以前考察whoever都是做狀語，而本題考查的是作promise的賓語，挺新穎的?！?011北京卷 22】_ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. WhichB

28、. WhatC. ThatD. Whom【解析】B句意：這個(gè)驚人的消息使我意識到我們將面臨多么嚴(yán)重的問題。結(jié)合句意可知答案為A，此處what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句是一個(gè)感嘆句?！?011北京卷 31】The shocking news mad me realize _ terrible problems we would face. A.whatB. howC. thatD. why【解析】A由句中的IS可知其前面是由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，且what在從句中作offer的賓語，故答案為A項(xiàng)?！?011上海卷 35】There is clear evidence _ the most difficul

29、t feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain. A. whatB. ifC. howD. that【解析】D句意為：證據(jù)表明，所有能夠說明的感覺中最困難的是身體的疼痛。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，從句中不錯成分，故用關(guān)聯(lián)詞that?！?011上海卷 38】The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _ others actually understand. A. whyB. thatC. whichD. what【解析】D句意為：你試圖通過言語表達(dá)的意思或許

30、恰恰跟別人理解的相反。【2011山東卷 26】I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything. A. that B. when C. where D. why 【解析】D句義：我恐怕他比起來一個(gè)實(shí)踐家更是一個(gè)空談家，那就是他一事無成的原因。本文“which is.”引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)非限定性定語從句中有一個(gè)表語從句根據(jù)句意用“why”引導(dǎo)?！?011陜西卷 15】Id like to start my own businessthats _ Id do if I had the mo

31、ney. A. why B. when C. which D. what【解析】D后面從句不完整，do后面缺少賓語，所以要填連接代詞what，答案D?！?011重慶卷 22】It is still under discussion _the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. A. whether B. when C. which D. where【解析】A still under discussion“還在討論中”說明“舊中巴車站是否應(yīng)該被一個(gè)賓館替代”還沒決定。且根據(jù)后面的whetheror not也

32、可以做出正確選擇。10福建We should respect food and think about the people who dont have we have here and treat food nicely.A. that B. which C. what D. whether解析C空格在句中充當(dāng)賓語。我們應(yīng)該尊重食物, 考慮那些我們所擁有的東西和認(rèn)真對待食物的態(tài)度。10湖南Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew she was so angry.A. where B

33、. whether C. that D. why 解析D該空引導(dǎo)賓語從句, 根據(jù)句意 “辦公室中沒人知道她為什么如此生氣”可判斷選D項(xiàng)。10天津As a new graduate, he doesnt know it takes to start a business here.A. how B. what C. When D. which解析B句意：作為一名新畢業(yè)生, 他不知道需要什么才能在這里開始經(jīng)營。空格后的從句中takes是動詞, 其后缺少賓語, 所以引導(dǎo)該賓語從句的連接詞要用what。10北京 some people regard as a drawback is seen as a

34、 plus by many others.A. Whether B. What C. That D. How解析B句意：一些人眼中的缺點(diǎn)是別人眼中的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。從句中缺賓語, 只能用B. what來引導(dǎo). C.中的That引導(dǎo)主語從句不做成分。10浙江How about camping this weekend, just for a change?OK, you want. A. whichever B. however C. whateverD. whoever解析C句意：“這個(gè)周末野營怎么樣, 來點(diǎn)新鮮的？” “好啊, 按你的意思吧！”根據(jù)語境分析出后者支持前面的提出的觀點(diǎn)。10浙江It is

35、 uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. A. that B. what C. how D. whether解析B根據(jù)句意：盡管大約有兩千名病人服用過這種藥物, 但是, 它會帶來什么樣的副作用還不確定。side effect意思是 “副作用”, 還原主語從句中的主干是the medicine will bring about _ side effect。故選擇what, 形容詞 “什么樣的”, 起修飾作用。10上海One re

36、ason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. A. that B. how C. what D. why解析A考查that引導(dǎo)同位語從句的用法。此處that不可以省略。10山東Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season. A. why B. what C. how D. which解析B句意應(yīng)為 “在大甩賣開始前,

37、 我把孩子們在下個(gè)季節(jié)里要用到的東西列了一個(gè)清單?！狈治鼍涫浇Y(jié)構(gòu)可知, 空格處在句中引導(dǎo)賓語從句且在從句中充當(dāng)need的賓語, 所以B項(xiàng)結(jié)構(gòu)正確。which 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)多表示疑問且要有一個(gè)明確的范圍。10上海When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know .A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is enteringC. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he

38、entering解析B which引導(dǎo)的句子做know的賓語, 句子用陳述語序。10四川How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. w_ A. what B. who C. how D. why w解析B根據(jù)句末的 whether his friends or relatives可知應(yīng)是和誰去, 故選B。句意為 “一個(gè)人旅游多么享受很大程度上取決于他和誰去, 無論是他的朋友還是親戚?！?0全國We havent discusse

39、d yet _ we are going to place our new furniture.A. that B. which C. what D. where解析句D意：我們還沒有討論把我們的新家具放在哪里。干中空格劃在動詞discuss的后面, 因此考查賓語從句, 根據(jù)句意在賓語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語, 因此選擇D。10湖北I want to be liked and loved for I am inside. A. who B. where C. what D. how解析C我想別人喜歡我是因?yàn)槲业膬?nèi)在。也就是我inside的品質(zhì)。只有what可以指代是什么。很多同學(xué)誤選A, 錯誤的用中

40、文語言習(xí)慣去做英文題。10全國Have you finished the book?-No,Ive read up to_the children discover the secret cave.A.which B.what C.hat D.where解析D Up to為介詞結(jié)構(gòu), 后接賓語從句從句；而句意是 “讀到孩子們發(fā)現(xiàn)秘密洞穴的地方”, 故用where引導(dǎo)這個(gè)賓語從句最合適。10江蘇I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. Thats_I dont agree. You should

41、have a more active life.A.where B.how C.when D.what解析A這就是我不同意的地方.agree 是不及物動詞,所以用where. 用表語從句。10北京Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. A. what B. that C. why D. whether解析B從句不缺成分, 因此用that來引導(dǎo)。句意：狄更斯喜歡他自己的小說大衛(wèi)科波菲

42、爾的部分原因是小說創(chuàng)作非常貼近他本人的真實(shí)生活。09湖南She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever解析C句意為：她對我們來說是非常寶貴, 我們已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好做一切來拯救她的生命。句中缺少賓語, 選項(xiàng)中只有whatever符合句意可引導(dǎo)賓語從句作動詞do的賓語并在從句中充當(dāng)動詞take to的賓語。 答案C。09江西The fact has worried many scientists _the

43、 earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. A. what B. which C. that D. though解析近C年來地球氣候逐漸變暖, 很多科學(xué)家已經(jīng)為此擔(dān)憂。即先行詞是the fact 和that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句中間隔了謂語部分。09北京At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see_it got any better. A. when B. how C. why D. if解析起D先他討厭這個(gè)新工作, 但決定給自己幾個(gè)月

44、時(shí)間看看是否能感覺好點(diǎn)?？疾橘e語從句。答案D。09全國ICould I speak to is in charge of International Sales please?A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever解析C我能夠和負(fù)責(zé)國際業(yè)務(wù)的人談?wù)剢幔縲hoever既作了 to 的賓語, 又作is in charge of International Sales please?的主語?！皐hoever”作代詞, any person whothe person who “任何人”、 “無論誰”、 “的人”。09海南One of the m

45、ost important questions they had to consider was of public healthA. what B. this C. that D. which解析C句意為：他們必須考慮其中最重要的問題是公共衛(wèi)生?？疾閠hat作代詞, that 作代詞, 往往用于特指, 相當(dāng)于 “that名詞”, 它也只能代替事情不能代替人。09陜西The how to book can be of help to wants to do the job.A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever解析D此處從做介詞to的賓語,

46、 是名詞性從句, 引導(dǎo)詞做從句的主語, 指人, 意思是：無論是誰, 選D09四川News came from the school office _Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University. A. which B. what C. that D. where解析在C該題中that引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)同位語從句來解釋說明news的內(nèi)容, 由于該題把同位語從句后置了, 所以很多考生由于不能正確分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)而錯誤選擇了D項(xiàng)。09天津It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared

47、for their future.A. as B. which C. whether D. that解析D很顯然, 學(xué)生應(yīng)該為將來做好準(zhǔn)備。It為形式主語, that引導(dǎo)的真正的主語。09浙江Is there any possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport?No problem.A. WhenB. that C. whether D. what解析B你能到機(jī)場接我嗎？沒問題。答案B。09重慶We should consider the students request _ the school library provide more books on popular science. A. that     B. when C. which    D. where解析A我們應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮下學(xué)生們的要求：學(xué)校圖書館能多提供些關(guān)于科普方面的書。考查同位語