202X版高考英語(yǔ)大一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專題突破專題三介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)課件北師大版

1、專題三介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)專題三介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)考情概覽-2-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.(2018全國(guó)卷)I was searching for these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.2.(2018北京卷)Good morning,Mr.Lees office.Good morning.Id like to make an appointment for next Wednesday afternoon.3.(2017全國(guó)卷)It allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the

2、 roads above as they travelled to and from work.考情概覽-3-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納4.(2017全國(guó)卷)After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree in engineering or architecture. 5.(2017江蘇卷)Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential s

3、kill for our survival. 6.(2016全國(guó)卷)Most of us are more focused on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. 7.(2016全國(guó)卷)In India,for example,most people traditionally eat with their hands.8.(2016四川卷)The mother continued to care for the young panda for more than two years.考情概覽-4-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納.單

4、句改錯(cuò)1.(2018全國(guó)卷)They also had a small pond which they raised fish.在which前加in或?qū)hichwhere2.(2018全國(guó)卷)At the end of our trip,I told my father that I planned to return for every two years,and he agreed.去掉for3.(2017全國(guó)卷)It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.onof4.(2017全國(guó)

5、卷)They have also bought for some gardening tools.去掉for考情概覽-5-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一 表示時(shí)間和日期的介詞表示時(shí)間和日期的介詞1.in用在表示年、季節(jié)、月份,或泛指上午、下午或晚上的名詞前;on用在表示某一天,某一天的上午、下午或晚上的名詞前;at用在表示某一時(shí)刻或時(shí)間上的某一點(diǎn)的詞前。We will have a meeting at 8 oclock in the morning on Sunday.2.for后接“一段時(shí)間”,表示某事持續(xù)多久,多與完成時(shí)連用;during表示“在期間”;through表示“一直,自始至終”

6、。The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds.I went to France during the summer holiday.They worked hard through the winter.考情概覽-6-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納3.from,sincefrom表示時(shí)間的起點(diǎn),意為“從”,多用于“from.to/till.”中;since表示“自從以來(lái)”。I have been waiting here from morning till noon.Great changes have taken place in our sch

7、ool since Dec.,2015.注意for和since都常與完成時(shí)連用,但for接時(shí)間段,since接時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如for two hours(持續(xù))兩小時(shí);since last week從上周直到現(xiàn)在。考情概覽-7-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納4.before,by,till,untilbefore指“在之前”,與after相對(duì)。by指“不遲于,到時(shí)為止,在以前”,by后接過(guò)去時(shí)間,常與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用;by后接將來(lái)時(shí)間,常與將來(lái)完成時(shí)連用。till/until“直到為止”,在肯定句中,till/until必須與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用;在否定句中,till/until常與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用。Please com

8、e before ten oclock.September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.You must wait for him till/until tomorrow.考情概覽-8-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納5.after,inafter+一段時(shí)間:表示“在之后”,用于一般過(guò)去時(shí);但時(shí)間為點(diǎn)時(shí)間時(shí),只能用after,即after+點(diǎn)時(shí)間,用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。in+一段時(shí)間:表示以說(shuō)話時(shí)為起點(diǎn)一段時(shí)間之后,與一般將來(lái)時(shí)連用;但表示“在之內(nèi)”時(shí),用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。After eight it began to rain.Jane is in a hu

9、rry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour.考情概覽-9-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二 表示方位的介詞表示方位的介詞1.on意為“在的上面”;over意為“在(垂直)的正上方”;above意為“在(不一定垂直)的上方”;under意為“在(垂直)的正下方”;below意為“在(不一定垂直)的下方”;near意為“在附近”;next to意為“緊挨著”;round/around意為“在周圍”;by意為“在旁邊”;along表示沿著街、路、河岸等;across主要表示從某物的表面“橫過(guò)”,涉及“面”的概念;past意為“從

10、旁經(jīng)過(guò)”;up表示向上,由南到北,由西到東,由沿海到內(nèi)陸,由小地方到大地方,由農(nóng)村到城市,反之則用down;through指從某物的內(nèi)部“穿過(guò)”;over指“越過(guò)”某一障礙物。Pipes carry oil across the desert.It took us ten minutes to drive through the tunnel.考情概覽-10-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納2.表示兩者的位置關(guān)系時(shí),in表示“在同一區(qū)域內(nèi)或同一范圍內(nèi)”;on表示“接壤,相鄰”;to表示“相離,相隔”,兩者不屬同一范圍,也不接壤。Mongolia is/lies on the north of China.考情

11、概覽-11-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)三 表示計(jì)量的介詞表示計(jì)量的介詞1.at表示“以速度,以價(jià)格”。The only reason a man would sell salt at a lower price would be that he was desperate for money.2.for表示“用交換,以為代價(jià)”。He sold his car for 500 dollars.注意at表示單價(jià)(price),for表示總錢數(shù)。3.by表示“按計(jì)算”,后跟度量單位。接具體單位前用定冠詞the,接具體度量名詞時(shí)該名詞前不加冠詞。They are paid by the day.考情概

12、覽-12-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)四 表示行為的工具、手段或者方式的介詞表示行為的工具、手段或者方式的介詞1.by表示用某種方式,多用于交通。如by bus乘公共汽車,by e-mail通過(guò)電子郵件。注意表示搭乘交通工具用by時(shí),名詞前不加冠詞;用in時(shí),名詞前要加冠詞。請(qǐng)比較:I went there by car/in a car.2.with表示“用某種具體工具、身體的某部分或器官”。We speak with our mouths.注意with表示用某種工具時(shí),名詞前必須用冠詞或物主代詞。3.in表示用某種材料或語(yǔ)言。Please speak in English and write

13、 in ink.4.through表示“以(方法、手段),經(jīng)由”,后面多接抽象名詞。You can only achieve success through hard work.考情概覽-13-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)五 表示表示“除除之外之外”的介詞的介詞besides表示包含,“除之外還有”。except表示排除,“除之外”,指整體里面排除部分,后面可接代詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ),還可接that從句或wh-從句。but表示排除,多與nobody,none,no one,nothing,anything,everyone,all,who等連用,其后可以接不定式。except for表示“除之外”

14、,常在說(shuō)明基本情況后,從細(xì)節(jié)上加以修正。apart from表示“此外,除之外(還有)”,相當(dāng)于besides/as well as;表示“撇開來(lái)說(shuō),除去”,相當(dāng)于except(for);in addition to表示“除之外(還有)”,相當(dāng)于besides。考情概覽-14-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納Apart from going shopping,the old lady likes walking except when it rains.Beijing is a beautiful city,except for its traffic.考情概覽-15-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)六 表示原因的

15、介詞表示原因的介詞1.for表示原因,常與sorry,famous,punish,praise,thank,blame等詞連用。The Smiths are praised for the way they bring up their children.2.at指情感變化的原因,意為“因聽到或看到而”。He was surprised at the news.3.from指“外在的原因”,如受傷、車禍、勞累等。The young man died from an accident.4.of指“內(nèi)在的原因”,如疾病、饑餓、年老等。The old man died of hunger.5.wit

16、h指生理上或情感上的由外界到內(nèi)心的原因。He was trembling with cold.考情概覽-16-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納6.by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或無(wú)意中造成某種結(jié)果的原因。She took your umbrella by mistake.考情概覽-17-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)七 of和和to1.of+抽象名詞=形容詞of+great/much+抽象名詞=very+形容詞of+no+抽象名詞=not+形容詞The book is of great value to our research.This old machine is of no use.2.to與情感名詞連用,表

17、示“某種行動(dòng)后產(chǎn)生的感覺(jué)”to+ones+情感名詞=to the+情感名詞+of sb.To our great surprise,the boy lied to the teacher.考情概覽-18-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)八考點(diǎn)八 against1.(表示方向)與方向相反;逆著;迎著;頂著against the wind 迎著風(fēng);逆著風(fēng)2.(表示方位)緊靠著;倚靠著against the wall 靠著墻3.(表示對(duì)象)對(duì)不利;對(duì)有害;以為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手;違反;違背fight against同戰(zhàn)斗;against the natural law 違背自然規(guī)律It was a real race a

18、gainst time to get the project done.Luckily,we made it.4.(表示對(duì)比)和比;和對(duì)照;以為背景against the blue sky 以藍(lán)天為背景考情概覽-19-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)九考點(diǎn)九 beyond1.(表示位置)在/往另一邊;在/往那一邊;在/往的更遠(yuǎn)處The house is beyond the bridge.2.(表示時(shí)間)遲于;晚于;在之后Dont stay here beyond midnight.不要在這里過(guò)夜。3.(表示范圍)超出;非所能及The switch on the wall was beyond the c

19、hildrens reach.4.(表示程度)超出的范圍;超過(guò);對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)太難Math is beyond me.I can never get high grades.5.(表示數(shù)目)多于;超過(guò)There werent beyond twenty people present.考情概覽-20-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)十考點(diǎn)十 常用介詞短語(yǔ)常用介詞短語(yǔ)1.atat lunch在吃午飯at table在吃飯at school在上學(xué)at peace在和平時(shí)期at first=at the beginning初期at the beginning of在的初始階段at the end of.在結(jié)束時(shí)考情概覽-

20、21-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納2.inin a sense從某種意義上說(shuō)in common共同;共有in place在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢胕n practice在實(shí)踐中;實(shí)際上in public公開地;當(dāng)眾in turn依次;輪流;反過(guò)來(lái)in case以免;萬(wàn)一in detail詳細(xì)地in office在執(zhí)政in power當(dāng)權(quán);在執(zhí)政in progress在進(jìn)行中in return作為回報(bào)考情概覽-22-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納in time及時(shí);最終in the way擋路in exchange for用以交換in favour of同意;支持in the meanwhile同時(shí)in spite of不管;不顧in

21、 terms of就來(lái)說(shuō)in addition to此外,除以外考情概覽-23-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納3.onon behalf of代表on condition that以作為條件on sale出售on strike在罷工on the increase正在增加on the go忙個(gè)不停on the air正在廣播on the contrary相反考情概覽-24-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納4.underunder control在控制之中under discussion在討論中under development在發(fā)展中under construction在建設(shè)中under repair在修理中5.forfor

22、 lack of由于缺乏for the benefit of為了的利益as for就而論;關(guān)于考情概覽-25-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納6.byby chance=by accident偶然;碰巧by name用名字;名叫by far到目前為止7.out ofout of order發(fā)生故障;失調(diào)out of place不得其所的;不適當(dāng)?shù)膐ut of control失去控制out of ones reach某人夠不著的地方out of the question不可能out of question毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)必備知識(shí)-26-.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Mom told me that nothing but red

23、looked good against my skin.2.“We didnt know what had happened to her,”said the woman at the door.3.Which driver was to blame for the accident?4.The students successfully conducted the experiment under the guidance of their teacher.5.Even if my tears turn into a stream in May,still it cant carry all

24、 my grief away.必備知識(shí)-27-6.In reality,its the chair that does the important work. 7.So scientists have come up with a shocking idea.8.Mary couldnt put up with the terrible working conditions in that factory and resigned last week. 9.He was so absorbed in a book that he did not hear the bell.10.We can hardly believe such a young boy should have traveled around the world all by himself. 必備知識(shí)-28-.單句改錯(cuò)1.From this experience,I have realized a good decision benefi