級檢驗(yàn)英語演示文稿

1、1會計學(xué)級檢驗(yàn)英語演示文稿級檢驗(yàn)英語演示文稿Parasitology protozoaEntamoeba histalyticaTrichomonas vaginalismalaria parasiteToxoplasma gondii第1頁/共32頁nematodatrematodacestodeParasitology helminthAscaris lumbricideshookwormClonorchis sinensisTaenia soliumLung flukes第2頁/共32頁cockroachmosquitoParasitology arthropodflyflealouse

2、第3頁/共32頁Lesson EightLaboratory Diagnosis of Malaria Plasmodium vivax Pv 間日瘧間日瘧Plasmodium ovale Po 卵形瘧卵形瘧Plasmodium falciparum Pf 惡性瘧惡性瘧Plasmodium malariae Pm 三日瘧三日瘧第4頁/共32頁Lesson EightLaboratory Diagnosis of Malaria ring formschizontgametocytesporozoite第5頁/共32頁Lesson EightLaboratory Diagnosis of Mal

3、aria paroxysm (tachysporozoite) 瘧瘧疾發(fā)作疾發(fā)作relapse (bradysporozoite) 復(fù)復(fù)發(fā)發(fā)recrudescence再燃再燃incubation period 潛伏期潛伏期 第6頁/共32頁Lesson EightLaboratory Diagnosis of Malaria malaria* 瘧疾瘧疾debility 虛弱；衰弱虛弱；衰弱tertian 隔日熱隔日熱macrocytosis* 大紅細(xì)胞癥大紅細(xì)胞癥reticulocyte* 網(wǎng)織紅細(xì)胞網(wǎng)織紅細(xì)胞enlargement 變大，擴(kuò)大變大，擴(kuò)大sedimentation 沉降沉降pr

4、othrombin 凝血酶原凝血酶原fragility 脆性脆性第7頁/共32頁methemalbuminemia 高鐵血紅素白蛋白血癥高鐵血紅素白蛋白血癥hemosiderinuria 含鐵血黃素尿癥含鐵血黃素尿癥chill 寒戰(zhàn)寒戰(zhàn)spleen 脾脾peripheral 周圍的周圍的endemic 地方性流行的地方性流行的incubator 培育箱；孵卵器培育箱；孵卵器methylene 亞甲基；甲烯基亞甲基；甲烯基azure 天藍(lán)天藍(lán)Lesson EightLaboratory Diagnosis of Malaria 第8頁/共32頁anhydrous 無水的無水的scummy 有浮渣

5、的有浮渣的Coplin jar 玻片染色缸玻片染色缸rinse 涮；漱涮；漱SGOT(Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase) 血清谷血清谷-草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶SGPT(Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase) 血清谷血清谷-丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶Lesson EightLaboratory Diagnosis of Malaria 第9頁/共32頁Lesson EightLaboratory Diagnosis of Malaria Malaria produce chronic debility and chronic ane

6、mia; the more severe form (malignant tertian) poses a more immediate and grave threat to life. The manifestations of malaria are varied, and the disease should always be suspected and looked for in patients in (or from) malarious regions. Usually red cells and hemoglobin are equally reduced.第10頁/共32

7、頁Macrocytosis may be evident because of the increased number of reticulocytes and because of enlargement of parasitized red cells in the case of P. vivax and P. ovale. Generally, sedimentation rates are increased, whereas prothrombin times are decreased. Other abnormal laboratory data include increa

8、sed osmotic fragility, reversed albumin to globulin (A/G) ratios, decreased plasma protein levels, and fluctuations in the level of cholesterol and glucose. Lesson EightLaboratory Diagnosis of Malaria 第11頁/共32頁Lesson EightLaboratory Diagnosis of Malaria TP 60-80g/LALB 35-55g/LG 20-30g/Lalbumin to gl

9、obulin (A/G) ratios：1.5-2.5ALT(SGPT): 0-40U/LAST(SGOT): 0-45U/LAST to ALT(AST/ALT) ratios： 1.0-1.5TBIL： 5.1-17.1umol/LDBIL: 0-6uml/LIBIL: 5.1-13.7umol/L第12頁/共32頁Also alkaline phosphatase, SGOT and SGPT enzyme levels may be slightly elevated. In active phases signs of hemolytic activity are evident (

10、increased indirect-r e a c t i n g s e r u m b i l i r u b i n , methemalbuminemia , and hemosiderinuria). In the chronic forms the leukocytes count is generally reduced, but there is v e r y o f t e n a n i n c r e a s e i n monocytes. Lesson EightLaboratory Diagnosis of Malaria 第13頁/共32頁Leukocytos

11、is occurs following chills. The organ show abundant malarial pigment. Liver and spleen are enlarged, and material obtained by splenic puncture shows parasites and pigment. Lesson EightLaboratory Diagnosis of Malaria 第14頁/共32頁 The clinical diagnosis is substantiated by finding the parasites in the pe

12、ripheral blood. Ordinary Romanovsky-stained smears are quite satisfactory for this, but in endemic areas a more rapid and efficient means of diagnosis is provided by the thick film methods. Some experience is required in the use of this method, which gives higher percentages of positive diagnosis in

13、 much less time. Lesson EightLaboratory Diagnosis of Malaria 第15頁/共32頁Generally, the blood film must be m a d e a b o u t 1 0 t i m e s t h e thickness of normal smears. Ideally, one should be just able to see the hands of an average-sized watch through thick films. These are easily made by placing

14、a good-sized drop of blood on a clean slide and spreading it with slide of a glass rod until it covers an area of approximately 2 cm diameter. It is then allowed to dry (in air or in an incubator at 37). Fields rapid stain method (thick films) will be described . Lesson EightLaboratory Diagnosis of

15、Malaria 第16頁/共32頁Fields rapid stain method (thick films) Solution 1: Methylene blue 0.8 g Azure B(or Azure 1) 0.5 g Anhydrous potassium dihydrogen phosphate 6.25 g Distilled water 500 ml Anhydrous disodium hydrogen phosphate 5.0 gLesson EightLaboratory Diagnosis of Malaria 第17頁/共32頁Solution 2: Eosin

16、(watery) 1.0 g Anhydrous disodium hydrogen phosphate 5.0 g Anhydrous potassium dihydrogen phosphate 6.25 g Distilled water 500 ml Lesson EightLaboratory Diagnosis of Malaria 第18頁/共32頁 Note: Dissolved the phosphate salts in the distilled water first and then the dyes. In the case of azure B is advant

17、ageous to grind it into solution in a mortar with some of the phosphate solution. Let each solution stand overnight and then filter. The solution may be refiltered if they become “scummy”. Staining is effected in Coplin jars; if the jars are covered, the stain will keep for up to 1 to 2 months. When

18、 solution 2 becomes greenish it should be discarded . Lesson EightLaboratory Diagnosis of Malaria 第19頁/共32頁 Procedure: 1. Immerse dried , unfixed film for 1 to 3 min in Solution 1. 2 . R e m o v e a n d r i n s e immediately for about 5 seconds in clean tap water until no more stain comes from the f

19、ilm . 3. Immerse in Solution 2 for 2 seconds. 4. Rinse for 2 or 3 seconds in clean tap water. Let stand to drain and dry . Lesson EightLaboratory Diagnosis of Malaria 第20頁/共32頁3: Exp Parasitol. 2009 Feb;121(2):144-50. Epub 2008 Nov 5. Plasmodium falciparum: development and validation of a measure of

20、 intraerythrocytic growth using SYBR Green I in a flow cytometer.Izumiyama S, Omura M, Takasaki T, Ohmae H, Asahi H.Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.An abstract第21頁/共32頁 Reliable analytical techniques to t e s t g r o w t h - p r o m o

21、t i n g a n d antimalarial efficacy on plasmodia are very important. Flow cytometry (FCM) offers the possibility to study d e v e l o p m e n t a l s t a g e s o f intraerythrocytic growth of malaria parasites using nucleic acid staining. To a n a l y z e t h e g r o w t h o f Plasmodium falciparum

22、SYBR Green I was introduced as an intercalating(插入) dye with FCM for the 488nm line of an argon（氬） laser. Procedures employing FCM, i n c l u d i n g f i x a t i v e s , d y e concentrations, dilutionAn abstract第22頁/共32頁buffer, and staining period, were optimized to simplify the method. FCM as descr

23、ibed here allows parasitemia and parasites of different stages to be quantified according to the DNA content. The p r o p o r t i o n o f p a r a s i t i z e d erythrocytes estimated by FCM and the Giemsa method agreed with determination by parasite lactate dehydrogenase. The protocol was extended t

24、o merozoite counting as a sensitive assay of growth inhibition of the parasite.An abstract第23頁/共32頁數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)字 前綴前綴 示例示例一一 mono- monomer/monoclone/carbon monoxide /uni- /unidirectional二二 bi-/di- bilateral/biphasic/carbon dioxide三三 tri- trilateral/triphasic/trigeminal nerve四四 tetra- tetramer/tetracycline/te

25、traplegia五五 penta- pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride六六 hexa- hexachromic/benzene hexachloride七七 hepta- heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent八八 octa- octahedral/octal system九九 nona- nonapeptide/nonagon十十 deca- decade/decagram/decaliter 構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)詞法與數(shù)字有關(guān)的前綴與數(shù)字有關(guān)的前綴第24頁/共32頁十位數(shù)的表示：十位數(shù)的表示：個位數(shù)前綴個位數(shù)前綴+ +deca, h

26、exadecanol ( (十六醇十六醇), ), tetradecapeptide gastrin( (十四肽胃泌素十四肽胃泌素), ), octadecanoic acid ( (十八烷酸十八烷酸) ) 構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)詞法與數(shù)字有關(guān)的前綴與數(shù)字有關(guān)的前綴第25頁/共32頁Lesson EightLaboratory Diagnosis of Malaria Malaria produce chronic debility and chronic anemia; the more severe form (malignant tertian) poses a more immediate and

27、grave threat to life. The manifestations of malaria are varied, and the disease should always be suspected and looked for in patients in (or from) malarious regions. Usually red cells and hemoglobin are equally reduced.第26頁/共32頁Macrocytosis may be evident because of the increased number of reticuloc

28、ytes and because of enlargement of parasitized red cells in the case of P. vivax and P. ovale. Generally, sedimentation rates are increased, whereas prothrombin times are decreased. Other abnormal laboratory data include increased osmotic fragility, reversed albumin to globulin (A/G) ratios, decreas

29、ed plasma protein levels, and fluctuations in the level of cholesterol and glucose. Lesson EightLaboratory Diagnosis of Malaria 第27頁/共32頁Leukocytosis occurs following chills. The organ show abundant malarial pigment. Liver and spleen are enlarged, and material obtained by splenic puncture shows parasites and pigment. Lesson EightLaboratory Diagnosis of Malaria 第28頁/共32頁 The cli