高中英語完形填空

1、專題講座完形填空復(fù)習(xí)要點完形填空題是對學(xué)生英語語言知識與語言運用能力的一種測試。其考查的形式靈活，綜合性較強，要求考生能綜合運用所學(xué)的知識在特定的語境中進(jìn)行合理的推理判斷，并能準(zhǔn)確地從四個備選項中選出正確答案，使補足后的短文結(jié)構(gòu)完整，意義通暢。一、 完形填空題的特點完形填空題能夠較為準(zhǔn)確地檢查學(xué)生的各項知識水平和綜合運用語言知識的能力。這種題型的主要考查內(nèi)容為：詞語辨析、基本句型、基礎(chǔ)語法；固定搭配與習(xí)慣表達(dá)；閱讀理解能力和邏輯推理能力。近年來，完形填空題更側(cè)重對語言應(yīng)用能力、閱讀理解能力的考查。 完形填空題（cloze test）又叫“克漏字”測驗。它有以下兩大特點和規(guī)律：第一，一篇完形填空

2、題是一個有機的整體。盡管看起來形式上有殘缺（若干個空），但它的內(nèi)容、語言習(xí)慣，句與句之間的銜接點，句子與段落之間的聯(lián)系，段落與段落之間的邏輯順序仍或隱或現(xiàn)地存在于篇章之中。因此，在做完形填空題時，通讀全文、明了大意、理清觀點、分清層次是十分重要的一步。考生解題時必須自始至終依托語境，注意上下文之間、詞與詞之間，從語法到意義的合理搭配。尤其要注意短文中承上啟下的過渡詞等，如so, but, however, then, therefore, also等。 第二，完形填空題選材廣泛。它涉及社會、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)；文化、教育、歷史、地理、科普知識、人物故事等。因此，考生做完形填空題時，要快速通覽全文，了解

3、文章概貌與各段落的中心意思，把握文章主旨脈絡(luò)，掌握文章作者的意圖。在平時學(xué)習(xí)中，要注意從以下幾個方面訓(xùn)練和提高。 捕捉信息點，弄清邏輯關(guān)系：完形填空題短文第一句話通常不設(shè)空，這給學(xué)生提供了一個語境，使學(xué)生能掌握短文的一些初始信息，例如：文章的大概內(nèi)容，動作發(fā)生的基本時間，短文敘述的切入點等。這些基本信息給學(xué)生提供一個語境，使學(xué)生解題時能夠依境而行。但這只是解答完形填空題的最基本的信息，考生還必須依據(jù)上下文提供的信息點（如時間、人物、地點、事件、背景等）對文章的脈絡(luò)有針對性地理解和判斷，弄清段落前后的邏輯關(guān)系，才能使短文內(nèi)容沿著合乎邏輯的順序發(fā)展，才能使局部和全局關(guān)系一致。 明確詞義辨析，考慮固

4、定搭配：不熟悉詞語的用法和區(qū)別，尤其是同義詞語的用法比較，對固定搭配不熟練或記憶不準(zhǔn)，都會造成很大的閱讀障礙和錯誤選擇，因而考生平時學(xué)習(xí)時要注重詞義辨析，牢固掌握固定搭配。只有這樣，考試時才能應(yīng)付自如。 運用語法知識，具備各方面知識：在分析完形填空題所給選項時，僅考慮符合短文大意和固定搭配是不夠的。有些題中還須考慮語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確，知識內(nèi)容是否正確等。有些答案不能直接從短文中找到，而是需要通讀全文，根據(jù)全文大意，考慮各方面的知識來選擇，這就要求考生在學(xué)習(xí)中要廣泛涉及各科知識，做一個學(xué)習(xí)上的有心人。 檢查核對，確保無誤：選好所有答案后，還需要核對檢查。將所選答案一一放在短文中的空白處閱讀，看看內(nèi)

5、容是否完整，語句是否通順，語法是否有誤，是否符合邏輯。有些錯誤只能在通讀全文、考生站在整體的高度上才能發(fā)現(xiàn)。只有認(rèn)真審核，才能提高答題的準(zhǔn)確度。二、 完形填空題的設(shè)空規(guī)律為了對完形填空題的各種類型有一個深入的了解，探索一下該題型的設(shè)空規(guī)律是有必要的。 上下文直接信息題：本類題的設(shè)置特點是，四個選項之間不存在詞義區(qū)別和用法比較?？忌鷳?yīng)著眼于對上下文信息的捕捉和對上下文暗示的領(lǐng)會。如下列“考題1”中的第7、8、9小題。 詞、句、文三結(jié)合理解題：本類題的設(shè)置特點是：其中某一個或幾個選項代入空白處會使句意不通或嚴(yán)重違背上下句意義的銜接或直接與短文內(nèi)容不符，考生在做這類題時要對各選項的詞義作準(zhǔn)確的把握。

6、如下列“考題1”中的第4、5小題。 詞義辨析題：本類題的設(shè)置特點是，各選項代入空中后該句的語法都是正確的，但是句子出現(xiàn)了幾種不同的含義。在做這類題時，考生要認(rèn)真比較各詞之間的細(xì)微差別。如下列“考題1”中的第1、11、15小題。 語法知識和固定短語考查題：考生在解答本類題時要注意句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu)要正確：如時態(tài)、語態(tài)等；對固定短語要注意其結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性，如下列“考題1”中的第10小題。 行文邏輯和全文中心把握題：本類題的設(shè)空特點是：把各選項中的對象代入空格中可導(dǎo)致上下文之間出現(xiàn)因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、條件關(guān)系等。做本類題時，考生要注意全文的主線或脈絡(luò)，仔細(xì)分析上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，從而準(zhǔn)確地選出

7、正確答案。如下列“考題1”中的第2、13小題。三、 做題中的推測手段 根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推測：注意上下文的邏輯聯(lián)系和文章的邏輯關(guān)系是做好完形填空題的關(guān)鍵，它要求考生在了解文章大意的基礎(chǔ)上，聯(lián)系上下文，運用思維邏輯進(jìn)行比較、判斷，找出既符合詞義、句意，又符合上下文語境，合理的正確答案。 根據(jù)語篇標(biāo)志進(jìn)行推測：語篇一般是指比單一句子長的語言單位，如句群、段落、篇章等。語篇和語篇之間往往有標(biāo)明其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的詞語，這些詞語稱為“語篇標(biāo)志”，例如：表示結(jié)構(gòu)層次的firstly, secondly等，表示邏輯關(guān)系的therefore, so, but等，表示話題改變的by the way等。在做完形填

8、空題時，充分利用這些語篇標(biāo)志可以迅速理清文章的脈絡(luò)，弄清上下文之間的關(guān)系。 根據(jù)文化背景知識進(jìn)行推測：完形填空題考查的知識面較廣，從文化、科學(xué)常識，到歷史地理知識；從風(fēng)俗民情到民族習(xí)慣等等，無所不考?？忌谧鲞@類題時，要特別注意中西文化方面所存在的差異。具備了一定的文化背景知識，才能比較準(zhǔn)確地判斷正確答案。 根據(jù)常識進(jìn)行判斷：中學(xué)生已經(jīng)掌握了較豐富的科學(xué)與生活常識，也具備了一定的判斷能力。在考查語言知識和技能的同時，考查這些簡單的常識性的問題，也是對學(xué)生知識面的檢測。 根據(jù)語法知識進(jìn)行推測：對于考查語法知識的考題，不僅要理解上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，更要有針對性地對語法結(jié)構(gòu)、句式特點進(jìn)行分析，并根據(jù)其

9、語法結(jié)構(gòu)和句式特點進(jìn)行合理推測，從而迅速解決問題。 運用詞匯知識推測答案：完形填空題中對詞匯知識的考查，主要集中在詞語的搭配和同義詞的辨析兩大方面。要做好這類題目，首先要有較大的詞匯量，較強的詞語搭配能力，以及在語句中理解詞義的能力，做題時要結(jié)合上下文的語境，確定詞的意義。1完形填空：閱讀下面短文，選出最佳答案：“Ring ring” the telephone suddenly rang. Sam got up to 1 the call. It was his aunt. “Sam, 2 are you still at home?” she asked surprisingly.Sam

10、1ooked at the clock. It was already 7:30 a. m.“Oh, my goodness! Theres an important 3 today,” Sam shouted out.He hurried to wash his face and get 4 . When he was going to leave the house, he 5 that he had not put away his books. He ran quickly to the 6 and put them into the bag.He then went to the b

11、us stop to go to school as 7 as he could. When he got into the classroom, his classmates were 8 writing.“Why are you so 9 ?” asked the teacher . “Im sorry, sir,” Sam answered, afraid of looking 10 . “It was my clock. It 11 to wake me up this morning and .” “Don't say anything about it,” his teac

12、her 12 him. “Dont try to come late next time!”Sam said yes and walked to his 13 quickly. But when he tried to do the paper, he could not 14 in a right way. He put his head on the desk and said, “What a 15 day it has been for me!”1. A. find B. give C. put D. answer2. A. why B. how C. when D. where3.

13、A. talk B. party C. exam D. meeting4. A. tired B. lost C. dressed D. rested5. A. forgot B. remembered C. understood D. thought6. A. classroom B. desk C. bus D. door7. A. carefully B. quietly C. early D. fast8. A. worried B. free C. busy D. careful9. A. 1ate B. ill C. lonely D. ready10. A. down B. up

14、 C. out D. back11. A. happened B. stopped C. failed D. pointed12. A. helped B. knew C. followed D. stopped13. A. room B. table C. seat D. teacher14. A. think B. sit C. turn D. speak15. A. short B. bad C. happy D. usual分析 粗讀這篇文段可知：這是一篇關(guān)于一個學(xué)生考試遲到的事。短文一開始就是電話鈴聲，Sam應(yīng)該起來接電話，所以第l空中應(yīng)選D，這四個動詞中只有answer能表示“接電

15、話”這個含義。第2空中要選擇一個副詞，句中已含有still at home等狀語，故不能選擇when，where, how表示方式，如用在本句中則句意不通，所以選A。第3空，從后文知，Sam是到學(xué)校去，故應(yīng)選C。對于學(xué)生來說，exam是學(xué)生最可能要做的事，并且后文說到其他學(xué)生在writing。第4空，get dressed意為“穿衣服”，要注意這個短語的完整性。第5空，從前一句中的動詞leave以及后文中的一系列動作可知，本空中應(yīng)填remembered才符合邏輯，其他詞不能使文章通順。第6空要注意分析備選項的意義；從后文he had not put away his books可知選B最合適，

16、因書應(yīng)該是放在課桌上。第7空中應(yīng)填fast，因Sam 要遲到了。第8空中要注意在形容詞后接writing，故選busy。第9空，從上文知，Sam 已經(jīng)遲到了，故老師應(yīng)問他遲到的原因，選A。第10空表明Sam的態(tài)度，他害怕抬頭看老師，故選up。第11空，Sam所陳述的理由是鬧鐘未響，故填failed。第12空，從上文Sam的話沒說完知道這時老師打斷了他的話，故選stopped。第13空，Sam 在教室里走去的當(dāng)然是seat。第14空，本空說明Sam 思維混亂，不能思考，選A。第15空，綜合上文可知Sam 感到這一天太糟糕，故選B 。答案 15 DACCB 610 BDCAB 1115 CDCAB

17、四、完形填空專項練習(xí)：（1） A man and his wife had a dog to keep their house. When they went out, they always left the dog inside the house. One evening they wanted 1 to the cinema, 2 they left the dog in the house and locked the door and their 3 . They 4 their car.When the film finished, they came back home. Th

18、ey opened the gate and put the car 5 . But when they came to the front door, they found that part of the glass 6 the door was broken. The door was unlocked and 7 . A robber! They went in and quickly looked in all the rooms to see 8 things the robber had taken. But everything was in the 9 place and n

19、othing at all 10 . The dog 11 in the sitting room on the floor. The lady was 12 the dog. “Why didnt you keep the house?” she said. The dog was 13 to see its owners. It began to wag its tail (搖尾巴) and then it went to a corner of the room and picked up something in its mouth. It went to the lady and 1

20、4 the thing at her feet. When the lady went to pick it up, she gave a scream (尖叫). Can you guess what the dogs present was?It was a mans 15 !(1) A. go B. to go C. going D. gone(2) A. so B. but C. then D. because(3) A. gardens gate B. gardens gate C. gardens gate D. garden gate(4) A. got off B. got o

21、n C. got into D. went on(5) A. up B. down C. away D. into(6) A. at B. in C. on D. to(7) A. half-open B. half-opens C. half-opened D. half-opening(8) A. the B. all C. that D. what(9) A. right B. left C. wrong D. just(10) A. to miss B. to be missing C. was missed D. was missing(11) A. was slept B. fel

22、t asleep C. was sleeping D. fell sleeping(12) A. afraid of B. angry with C. worried about D. surprised at(13) A. sad B. pleased C. quick D. clever(14) A. pulled B. threw C. dropped D. took(15) A. finger B. fingers C. heart D. teeth（2） It was almost 9:00 p. m. when Mia Jameson left her office to go h

23、ome. It was 1 . She started her car and she 2 down the dark road that led to her house in the country. She 3 the radio and sang songs while she was driving. The heater (暖氣機) wasnt working, and singing helped to keep her 4 . The snow was heavy. Then Mia went across a small 5 . The bridge was covered

24、with ice and the car went out of control (失去控制). Mia hit her head on the steering wheel and lost consciousness (知覺). When she 6 , her head was bleeding (流血), and she was shaking from the cold. She didnt know 7 she was. Mia opened the car door and looked around. She was under the bridge, and her car

25、was sitting on the 8 river! She felt very 9 . She knew the ice wouldnt 10 her car for very long. She 11 to walk up the hill several times, but she kept falling in the snow. Mia tried 12 time. She fell again, but this time she couldnt get up. She knew that 13 could see her car under the bridge. She w

26、as lying in the snow, and she couldnt 14 . Mia closed her eyes and 15 die. Then she heard a voice. Mia opened her eyes. There was an old man standing over her. She stood up and walked up with the help of the old man. “Thats my truck,” said the old man. “Get in and Ill take you home.”(1) A. raining B

27、. cool C. snowing D. late(2) A. ran B. drove C. walked D. rode(3) A. turned on B. turned over C. turned off D. turned down(4) A. happy B. not alone C. warm D. not lonely(5) A. bridge B. village C. town D. farm(6) A. got up B. came back C. looked up D. woke up(7) A. how B. what C. why D. where(8) A.

28、deep B. frozen C. wide D. cold(9) A. angry B. sad C. surprised D. afraid(10) A. keep B. pull C. take D. hold(11) A. tried B. wanted C. would like D. seemed(12) A. one B. one more C. other D. the other(13) A. someone B. anyone C. everyone D. no one(14) A. feel B. hear C. move D. go(15) A. waited to B

29、. had to C. was able to D. decided to（3） I am sitting in an empty football field after my last high school football game that finished a few hours ago. Im the mid-field player on my team. But in fact thats not 1 now. I was the mid-field player because, as I said, this was my 2 game. Thats a good way

30、 to end a high school football career (生涯), especially if you win, but even though you dont, its 3 to leave at a high point. I was eight when I first started playing football. My dad 4 football, and he used to practise with me at home passing, catching, running. We used to practise almost every even

31、ing 5 it got too dark. He tried to teach me everything he knew about the 6 . “Just remember: dont ever 7 .” “Stay in the game. Dont lose your concentration (專注).” “Go out there and give 110 percent every time.” Well, that was a long time ago, but I still hear his words 8 in my ears. I had a lot on m

32、y mind 9 the game today. I dont like things to end, I guess, and this was the last game. I was talking to myself and warning myself about what to do and not to do. I didnt sleep at all 10 , and when the sun came up this morning, I reached the point where 11 just wanted it all to be over, finished, d

33、one. But then when the game started, my mind became 12 . I just lived in this game, this moment. I didnt hear the crowd, I didnt feel the cold or the pain, I never felt tired. I just kept my eyes on the 13 , and it was just me and the ball and, inside, a soft, white light 14 me the way to the goal.

34、It was a beautiful, empty feeling. Its all over now, and its really getting cold here. Its starting to snow. The suns almost gone, and I can 15 see the goal. Now its dark and Im sitting here all alone. Well, I guess its time to say good-bye and move on.(1) A. true B. wrong C. strange D. clear(2) A.

35、first B. last C. worst D. favourite(3) A. good B. bad C. lucky D. painful(4) A. needed B. hated C. missed D. loved(5) A. until B. when C. unless D. although(6) A. football B. game C. goal D. score(7) A. grow up B. catch up C. give up D. hurry up(8) A. ringing B. saying C. falling D. coming(9) A. fro

36、m B. before C. through D. after(10) A. tonight B. yesterday C. today D. last night(11) A. we B. they C. I D. he(12) A. empty B. full C. rough D. awake(13) A. way B. field C. ball D. match(14) A. sending B. teaching C. pointing D. showing(15) A. already B. hardly C. never D. clearly（4）My wife and I s

37、pent a few weeks in London last year. We went there in autumn. We think it is the ( 1) season to visit England. The weather is usually quite good (2) there arent too many (3) in October. We stayed in a small (4) in the West End. We (5) most of our sightseeing (觀光) on foot. We went to look at the pla

38、ces which all travelers (6) . We went (7) and spent too much money. What we liked most was going to the (8) . We dont have the chance to see such (9) plays at home. A lot of people say English (10) is very bad. We didnt think so. It is (11) that most of the restaurants are French, Italian or Chinese

39、, but had some very (12) meals. In fact, we (13) our holiday so much that we have already decided to (14) there again this year. We are going to take our umbrellas, (15) . Im sure well need them sometimes.1. A. busiest B. working C. best D. hottest2. A. and B. or C. as D. so3. A. players B. travelle

40、rs C. places D. things4. A. station B. hotel C. office D. cinema5. A. missed B. showed C. used D. did6. A. live B. stay C. see D. work7. A. shopping B. fishing C. swimming D. climbing8. A. shops B. cinemas C. restaurants D. theatres9. A. well B. wonderful C. terrible D. sad10. A. language B. film C.

41、 clothes D. food11. A. impossible B. true C. important D. necessary12. A. tasty B. poor C. fresh D. expensive13. A. spent B. enjoyed C. paid D. finished14. A. live B. eat C. go D. spend15. A. still B. though C. already D. yet（5） Jenny was English. She was a good girl _1_ she was often late for schoo

42、l. One morning she was late again. Mr Black, her teacher, was angry with her when she came into the classroom. "I'll write to your father _2_ you aren't here on time tomorrow," he told her. Jenny didn't want him _3_ that because her parents _4_ very strict with her. The next da

43、y she got up very early and went to school without breakfast. She hurried to school. Just before she _5_ the school gate, she stopped. She found a small bag _6_ on the ground. She _7_and she decided to give it to the headmaster. When she hurried into the classroom, Mr Black was already _8_ his lesso

44、ns. "Jenny White," he said as soon as he saw her,"I've told you not to come late,but you're late again." "I'm sorry,sir," Jenny said."I was late because I found a small." "I won't listen to any excuse," Mr Black stopped her."Beca

45、use you can't get here on time, I'll write to your father." Jenny could say no more. She sat down _9_. She couldn't keep _10_ her tears. As soon as the bell rang, the door opened. Mr Smith, the headmaster came in. He was holding a small bag in his hand. "Excuse me, Mr Black,&qu

46、ot;he said."Is this _11_?""Why,yes.It is mine, but I didn't know I lost it." Mr Black was surprised. "Jenny White found it just before school started. She gave it to me and asked me to _12_ _13_ had lost it." Mr Smith said. Mr Black's face turned red. He looked

47、_14_Jenny and said,"I'm sorry, Jenny. I take back _15_ I said." ( ) 1.A.but B.and C.or D.so ( ) 2.A.if B.because C.while D.how ( ) 3.A.doB.doing C.to do D.did ( ) 4.A.are B.is C.were D.was ( ) 5.A.got B.reached C.arrived D.get to ( ) 6.A.lying B.lie C.lay D.lain ( ) 7.A.picked it up B.

48、picked up it C.pick it up D.to pick it up ( ) 8.A.begin B.began C.begun D.beginning ( ) 9.A.quiet B.quite C.quietly D.quitely ( ) 10.A.from B.into C.out D.back ( )11.A.you B.yourself C.yours D.your ( )12.A.find B.find out C.look forD.get ( )13.A.who B.whose C.whom D.that ( )14.A.to B.forC.round D.at

49、 ( )15.A.that B.which C.howD.what （6） From Monday to Friday most people are busy working or studying , but in the evenings and weekends they are free and _1_ themselves. Some watch television or go to the movies, others _2_ sports. This is decided by their own _3_. There are many different ways to s

50、pend our_4_ time. Almost everyone has some kind of _5_: it may be something from collecting stamps to _6_ model planes. Some hobbies are very_7_ , but others dont cost anything at all. Some collections(收藏)are worth _8_ of money, others are valuable (有價值的)only to their owners. I know a man who has a coin collection worth several _9_ dollars. A short time ago h