高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題7 狀語(yǔ)從句

1、走向高考走向高考 英語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索吾將上下而求索人教版人教版(課標(biāo)卷地區(qū)課標(biāo)卷地區(qū)) 高考總復(fù)習(xí)高考總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)突破語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)突破 第二部分第二部分專題七狀語(yǔ)從句專題七狀語(yǔ)從句第二部分第二部分一、?？疾榈?類狀語(yǔ)從句1時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。(1)when指的是“某一具體的時(shí)間”。When I came into the room，he was writing a letter.當(dāng)我走進(jìn)房間時(shí)，他正在寫信。名師點(diǎn)撥when意為“這時(shí)”或“在那個(gè)時(shí)候”，可以看作是并列句，這種用法的when分句一般位于句末。One Friday，we were packing to l

2、eave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.一個(gè)星期五，我們正收拾行囊準(zhǔn)備外出度周末時(shí)，突然女兒聽(tīng)到求救聲。(2)whenever指的是“在任何一個(gè)不具體的時(shí)間”。You can ask for help whenever you need it.你如果需要幫助請(qǐng)隨時(shí)提出來(lái)。(3)while指“在某一段時(shí)間里”，“在期間”，while引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作必須是持續(xù)性的。Mary made coffee while her guests were finishing their meal.當(dāng)客人們將要結(jié)束用餐的時(shí)候瑪麗沖完了咖

3、啡。(4)as(一邊一邊)引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。He hurried home，looking behind as he went.他急忙趕回家，邊走邊回頭看。(5)before意為“在之前，才，就”。The girl had hardly rung the bell before the door was opened suddenly，and her friend rushed out to greet her.女孩還沒(méi)來(lái)得及按門鈴，門就突然打開(kāi)了。她的朋友跑出來(lái)迎接她。(6)after意為“在之后”。Several years after theyd split

4、up they met again by chance in Beijing.他們分手幾年以后在北京又偶然相遇。(7)till/until：如果主句動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，常用肯定式，表示“直到為止”；如果主句動(dòng)詞是瞬間性動(dòng)詞，要用否定式，表示“直到才”“在以前不”，從句放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，一般用until。If a lot of people say a film is not good，I wont bother to see it, or Ill wait until it comes out on DVD。如果許多人都說(shuō)一部電影不好的話，我不會(huì)費(fèi)心去觀看，或者我將一直等到DVD版本的電影出版。

5、(8)since的主句動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為延續(xù)性的，從句動(dòng)詞為瞬間性的。狀語(yǔ)從句在主句之前時(shí)一般用逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)，如從句在主句之后則不必用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。It is three years since he came here.他來(lái)這里已經(jīng)3年了。(9)as soon as/hardly.when/no sooner.than/the m o m e n t / t h e i n s t a n t / t h e second/immediately/directly/instantly：hardly.when和no sooner.than的意義相當(dāng)于as soon as，但只表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，主句為過(guò)去

6、完成時(shí)，從句為過(guò)去時(shí)，如hardly或no sooner位于句首時(shí)語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，而且主句的謂語(yǔ)要用部分倒裝。Just use this room for the time being，and well offer you a larger one as soon as it becomes available.僅暫時(shí)使用此房間，一旦有了大的，我們就提供給你一個(gè)。He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.他一完成演講學(xué)生們就開(kāi)始?xì)g呼起來(lái)了。Hardly had I got home when it b

7、egan to rain.我剛一到家就開(kāi)始下雨了。(10)every time/each time/last time/next time/by the time：在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，不能用將來(lái)時(shí)或過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，而要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。Next time you come here，I will tell you.下次你來(lái)這里，我會(huì)告訴你的。名師點(diǎn)撥時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的3個(gè)重點(diǎn)句型(1)It will be. before.過(guò)多久才It will be long before they come back.他們很久才能回來(lái)。(2)It wont be.before. 不久就John th

8、inks it wont be long before he is ready for his new job.約翰覺(jué)得不會(huì)過(guò)很久他就能為新工作作好準(zhǔn)備。(3)It is/has been.since.自從以來(lái)時(shí)間注意：since引導(dǎo)的從句如果用瞬間性動(dòng)詞，表示的時(shí)間是從謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作算起；如果用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示的時(shí)間是從動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的結(jié)束算起。It has been a decade since he joined the club.他加入俱樂(lè)部已10年了。(從加入俱樂(lè)部后算起)It is two years and a half since he was an ambassador to Franc

9、e.他不擔(dān)任駐法大使已兩年半了。(從不再擔(dān)任大使算起)2地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。(1)where與wherever意義基本相同，但后者語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)，多用于書面語(yǔ)。Today，we will begin where we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.今天，為了不遺漏要點(diǎn)，我們從昨天結(jié)束的地方開(kāi)始。Wherever you go，you must obey the law.不論你去哪里，都必須要遵守法律。(2)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句在句首時(shí)常兼有抽象條件意味。Where theres a will，theres a way.有志者事竟成。(3)w

10、here引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句直接修飾動(dòng)詞，而在定語(yǔ)從句中where作為關(guān)系副詞要跟在表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞后面。When solving the problem a second time，youd better be more careful where you made a mistake.When solving the problem a second time，youd better be more careful in the place where you made a mistake.當(dāng)你第二次解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的時(shí)候，你最好在出過(guò)差錯(cuò)的地方更加小心。

11、3原因狀語(yǔ)從句。(1)because用來(lái)回答why的提問(wèn)，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，一般放在主句之后。The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to his wife.這位老人叫露西挪到另一把椅子上因?yàn)樗敫拮影ぶ?2)since表示既然或已知的理由，稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放句首。Since everyone is here，lets begin our meeting.既然大家都到了，我們就開(kāi)始開(kāi)會(huì)吧。(3)as引導(dǎo)的從句常放在句首，說(shuō)明次要的原因，主句說(shuō)明結(jié)果，常用于口語(yǔ)中(注意比

12、較for連接的是并列句)。As he didnt know much English，he looked up the word in the dictionary.由于他不太懂英語(yǔ)，所以在詞典中查了那個(gè)單詞。(4)considering that，seeing that，now that和since意義相似，都有“鑒于某個(gè)事實(shí)”的意思，that可以省去。He finished his task very well，considering that it was quite different.鑒于這項(xiàng)任務(wù)相當(dāng)特殊，他完成得很不錯(cuò)。4目的狀語(yǔ)從句。(1)so that/in order tha

13、t引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中需用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can，could等。The police officers in our city work hard in order that the rest of us can live a safe life.為了其余人能過(guò)上安全的生活，我們城市的警察工作很努力。(2)in order that引導(dǎo)的從句可位于主句之前或之后，so that引導(dǎo)的從句只能位于主句之后。They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time.他們比平常工作更努力，目的是能

14、提前完成這項(xiàng)工作。(3)for fear that(唯恐，以防)與in case所引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有時(shí)也用should/might/could動(dòng)詞原形。The boy hid himself behind the tree for fear that his father might see him.男孩藏在樹后以防他父親看見(jiàn)他。Take your umbrella in case it should rain.帶上雨傘以防下雨。He had his camera ready in case he saw something that would make a good pict

15、ure。他準(zhǔn)備好了照相機(jī)以免他看到什么可以成為很好照片的東西而無(wú)法拍攝下來(lái)。名師點(diǎn)撥in case當(dāng)“萬(wàn)一，如果”講時(shí)，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。In case that he leaves，please inform me.如果他離開(kāi)，請(qǐng)通知我。(4)目的狀語(yǔ)從句可以用so as to，in order to等不定式代替，但主句和從句的主語(yǔ)必須一致。He got up early in order that he could catch the early bus.He got up early so as to/in order to catch the early bus.他早起是為了趕上早班車

16、。5結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。(1)so that前有逗號(hào)，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。We turned up the radio，so that everyone heard the news.我們開(kāi)大了收音機(jī)的音量，結(jié)果每個(gè)人都聽(tīng)到了新聞。(2)so.that中so后面跟形容詞或副詞。He was so excited that he couldnt say a word.他如此興奮以至于說(shuō)不出話來(lái)。(3)such.that中such后面跟名詞，如果名詞是單數(shù)就要用such a/an.that，還可以轉(zhuǎn)換用so.that，語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)。Jack is so honest a worker that we all

17、believe him.Jack is such an honest worker that we all believe him.杰克是位誠(chéng)實(shí)的工人，(以至于)我們大家都相信他。6條件狀語(yǔ)從句。常用引導(dǎo)詞：if/unless/as long as/so long as/in case/so far as/as far as。(1)unless從句的謂語(yǔ)只能用肯定式；unless和if.not同義，unless是書面語(yǔ)，if.not是口語(yǔ)，二者通?？梢該Q用。The little boy wont go to sleep unless his mother tells him a story.除

18、非他的媽媽給他講故事，否則這個(gè)小男孩是不會(huì)睡覺(jué)的。(2)條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一般要用現(xiàn)在時(shí)或過(guò)去時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)或過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。So long as you work hard，you will succeed.只要努力，你就會(huì)成功。7方式狀語(yǔ)從句。(1)as引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“按照，正如”。Do as you are told to.按照你被告知的那樣去做。(2)as if或as though的意義和用法基本一樣；從句中可以用陳述語(yǔ)氣表示可能符合事實(shí)，也可以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示與事實(shí)相反。Jack wasnt saying anything but the teacher smiled a

19、t him as if he had done something very clever.杰克沒(méi)說(shuō)一句話，但老師卻對(duì)著他微笑，好像他做了什么聰明事似的。8讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。(1)though/although：在句子中一般用了“雖然(though/although)”就不能再用“但是(but)”，但可以與yet或still連用；though/although意義相同，用法基本一樣，前者通俗，口語(yǔ)化，后者正式。Frank insisted that he was not asleep although I had great difficulty in waking him up.盡管我費(fèi)了好大勁

20、才叫醒弗蘭克，但是他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)沒(méi)有睡著。(2)even if和even though的意思為“即使，縱使”，有退一步設(shè)想的意味，多用于書面語(yǔ)中。The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities，even if they have the interest.工程師們非常繁忙，即使有戶外體育活動(dòng)的興趣也沒(méi)有時(shí)間去做。Tim is in good shape physically even though he doesnt get much exercise.盡管Tim鍛煉不多，但他身材很好。

21、(3)as引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句多用于書面語(yǔ)，從句常放在句首，語(yǔ)序部分倒裝。被倒裝的部分可以是表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形。Try as she might，Sue couldnt get the door open.盡管蘇盡力了，但她沒(méi)能把門打開(kāi)。(4)no matter(who，what，when，where，which，how.)：no matter.與whever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句意義基本一樣，no matter.引導(dǎo)的從句可位于主句前或主句后。No matter how dry a desert may be，it is not necessarily lifeless.不管沙漠里可能是多么干燥，它

22、也并不一定是沒(méi)有生命存在的。(5)whever(whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever/whichever)；however。whever從句中的動(dòng)詞有時(shí)可以和may連用；whever可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句。no matter.只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。To show our respect，we usually have to take our gloves off whoever we are to shake hands with.不論我們和誰(shuí)握手，為了表示尊敬，我們通常要摘掉手套。(6)while也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“雖然”。While all

23、 of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.雖然他們中所有的人都是強(qiáng)勁的候選人，但是只能選擇其中的一個(gè)來(lái)?yè)?dān)任這個(gè)職位。9比較狀語(yǔ)從句。(1)as.as；not so/as.as；the same.as；such.as。連詞表示同程度級(jí)的比較，肯定句用as.as，否定句可用not as.as或not so.as。He doesnt run so/as fast as Jack(does)他跑得不如杰克快。Henry is not such a good worker as Peter.亨利不像彼得那樣是位好工人。(2)than表示不同程度的比較，主句中用形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)。He runs less fast than me.他跑得不如我快。二、狀語(yǔ)從句的4種倒裝句式1not until置于句首時(shí)主句要倒裝。Not until we pointed out their faults did they realize it.直到我們指出他們的錯(cuò)誤，他們才意識(shí)到。2no sooner與hardly/scarcely引導(dǎo)的主句中謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用過(guò)去完