世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語讀寫教程第四冊Unit

1、21世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語讀寫教程第四冊 Unit6Unit 6 Text A Pre-reading Activities First Listening Before listening to the tape, have a quick look at the following words.sock 短襪EQ 情商empathy 同情Second Listening Listen to the tape again. They choose the best answer to each of the following questions.1. The listening passage sa

2、ys that Einstein was a genius in terms of _.A) Emotional Intelligence or "EQ"B) Intellectual Intelligence or "IQ"C) both EQ and IQ D) neither EQ nor IQ 2. Which of the following is NOT an example of Emotional Intelligence?A) Understanding your own feelings.B) Understanding the fe

3、elings of others.C) Being able to handle emotions effectively.D) Being smarter than others in your class.3. Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between EQ and IQ?A) People tend to have more of one than the other.B) People tend to have the same amount of each.C) They wor

4、k together to make you successful.D) They depend on such factors as social class and how lucky you are.4. What is the main purpose of this passage?A) To introduce a new concept, EQ, and explain its significance.B) To explain why EQ is more important in life than IQ.C) To discuss different definition

5、s of success.D) To criticize traditional notions of intelligence.The EQ Factor Nancy Gibbs It turns out that a scientist can see the future by watching four-year-olds interact with a marshmallow. The researcher invites the children, one by one, into a plain room and begins the gentle torment. You ca

6、n have this marshmallow right now, he says. But if you wait while I run an errand, you can have two marshmallows when I get back. And then he leaves.Some children grab for the treat the minute he's out the door. Some last a few minutes before they give in. But others are determined to wait. They

7、 cover their eyes; they put their heads down; they sing to themselves; they try to play games or even fall asleep. When the researcher returns, he gives these children their hard-earned marshmallows. And then, science waits for them to grow up.By the time the children reach high school, something re

8、markable has happened. A survey of the children's parents and teachers found that those who as four-year-olds had enough self-control to hold out for the second marshmallow generally grew up to be better adjusted, more popular, adventurous, confident and dependable teenagers. The children who ga

9、ve in to temptation early on were more likely to be lonely, easily frustrated and stubborn. They could not endure stress and shied away from challenges. And when some of the students in the two groups took the Scholastic Aptitude Test, the kids who had held out longer scored an average of 210 points

10、 higher.When we think of brilliance we see Einstein, deep-eyed, woolly haired, a thinking machine with skin and mismatched socks. High achievers, we imagine, were wired for greatness from birth. But then you have to wonder why, over time, natural talent seems to ignite in some people and dim in othe

11、rs. This is where the marshmallows come in. It seems that the ability to delay gratification is a master skill, a triumph of the reasoning brain over the impulsive one. It is a sign, in short, of emotional intelligence. And it doesn't show up on an IQ test.For most of this century, scientists ha

12、ve worshipped the hardware of the brain and the software of the mind; the messy powers of the heart were left to the poets. But cognitive theory could simply not explain the questions we wonder about most: why some people just seem to have a gift for living well; why the smartest kid in the class wi

13、ll probably not end up the richest; why we like some people virtually on sight and distrust others; why some people remain upbeat in the face of troubles that would sink a less resilient soul. What qualities of the mind or spirit, in short, determine who succeeds?The phrase "emotional intellige

14、nce" was coined by Yale psychologist Peter Salovey and the University of New Hampshire's John Mayer five years ago to describe qualities like understanding one's own feelings, empathy for the feelings of others and "the regulation of emotion in a way that enhances living." The

15、ir notion is about to bound into the national conversation, handily shortened to EQ, thanks to a new book, Emotional Intelligence by Daniel Goleman. Goleman, a Harvard psychology Ph.D. and a New York Times science writer with a gift for making even the most difficult scientific theories digestible t

16、o lay readers, has brought together a decade's worth of behavioral research into how the mind processes feelings. His goal, he announces on the cover, is to redefine what it means to be smart. His thesis: when it comes to predicting people's success, brainpower as measured by IQ and standard

17、ized achievement tests may actually matter less than the qualities of mind once thought of as "character" before the word began to sound old-fashioned.At first glance, there would seem to be little that's new here to any close reader of fortune cookies. There may be no less original id

18、ea than the notion that our hearts hold dominion over our heads."I was so angry," we say,"I couldn't think straight." Neither is it surprising that "people skills" are useful, which amounts to saying, it's good to be nice."It's so true it's trivial,

19、" says Dr. Paul McHugh, director of psychiatry at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. But if it were that simple, the book would not be quite so interesting or its implications so controversial.This is no abstract investigation. Goleman is looking for antidotes to restore "civilit

20、y to our streets and caring to our communal life." He sees practical applications everywhere for how companies should decide whom to hire, how couples can increase the odds that their marriages will last, how parents should raise their children and how schools should teach them. When street gan

21、gs substitute for families and schoolyard insults end in stabbings, when more than half of marriages end in divorce, when the majority of the children murdered in this country are killed by parents and stepparents, many of whom say they were trying to discipline the child for behavior like blocking

22、the TV or crying too much, it suggests a demand for remedial emotional education.And it is here the arguments will break out. Goleman's highly popularized conclusions, says McHugh,"will chill any veteran scholar of psychotherapy and any neuroscientist who worries about how his research may

23、come to be applied." While many researchers in this relatively new field are glad to see emotional issues finally taken seriously, they fear that a notion as handy as EQ invites misuse. Goleman admits the danger of suggesting that you can assign a numerical value to a person's character as

24、well as his intellect; Goleman never even uses the phrase EQ in his book. But he did somewhat reluctantly approve an "unscientific" EQ test in USA Today with choices like "I am aware of even subtle feelings as I have them," and "I can sense the pulse of a group or relationsh

25、ip and state unspoken feelings.""You don't want to take an average of your emotional skill," argues Harvard psychology professor Jerome Kagan, a pioneer in child-development research."That's what's wrong with the concept of intelligence for mental skills too. Some peo

26、ple handle anger well but can't handle fear. Some people can't take joy. So each emotion has to be viewed differently." EQ is not the opposite of IQ. Some people are blessed with a lot of both, some with little of either. What researchers have been trying to understand is how they compl

27、ement each other; how one's ability to handle stress, for instance, affects the ability to concentrate and put intelligence to use. Among the ingredients for success, researchers now generally agree that IQ counts for about 20%; the rest depends on everything from class to luck to the neural pat

28、hways that have developed in the brain over millions of years of human evolution.(1 047 words)New Words EQ (abbr.)emotional quotient 情商interact vi.(with) act or have an effect on each other 相互作用；相互影響marshmallow n. soft sweet made from sugar and gelatine 果汁軟糖torment n. severe physical or mental suffe

29、ring （肉體或精神上的）折磨，痛苦vt. cause severe suffering to 折磨；使痛苦errand n. small job that requires a short journey, usu. for sb. else （短程的）差事，差使hard-earned a. gained with great difficulty or effort 辛苦掙來的survey n. investigation 調(diào)查adventurous a. eager for or fond of adventure 渴望冒險的，喜歡冒險的dependable a. that may b

30、e depended on 可信賴的，可靠的scholastic a. of schools and education 學(xué)校的；的；學(xué)業(yè)的aptitude n. natural ability or skill 天生的才能或技巧；天資brilliance n. the quality of being brilliant 光輝，輝煌；壯麗；（卓越的）才華，才智woolly a.羊毛（制）的；產(chǎn)羊毛的；像羊毛的mismatch vt. match (people or things) wrongly or unsuitably 使錯配，配合不當(dāng)sock n. short stocking co

31、vering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短襪ignite v.(cause to) catch fire, burn （使）著火，燃燒；發(fā)光dim v.(cause to) become dim （使）變暗淡；（使）變模糊；（使）失去光澤impulsive a.(of people and their behavior) marked by sudden action that is undertaken without careful thought （指人或人的行為）憑沖動的；易沖動的messy a. in a state of disorde

32、r; dirty: causing dirt or disorder 凌亂的；臟的；搞亂的；搞臟的upbeat a. optimistic or cheerful 樂觀的；快樂的resilient a. 1.有彈性的，有回彈力的；能復(fù)原的2.有復(fù)原力的；富有活力的；適應(yīng)性強的empathy n. ability to imagine and share another person's feelings, experience, etc.同情；同感；共鳴handily ad.靈巧地，熟練地；輕易地；近便地digesti ble a. that can be digested; rela

33、tively easy to understand 可消化的；可吸收的；較易理解的behavioral a. of behavior 行為的thesis n. 1. statement or theory put forward and supported by argument 論題，命題；論點2. long written essay submitted by a candidate for a university degree; dissertation 畢業(yè)論文；學(xué)位standardize vt. make(sth.)conform to a fixed standard, shap

34、e, quality, type, etc.使（某事物）標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化；使合乎標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（或規(guī)格）fortune n. 1. large amount of money; wealth 大筆的錢；財2. chance; luck 機會；運氣3. person's destiny or future; fate 命運；前途cookie n. biscuit 餅干fortune cookie (U.S.)thin biscuit, folded to hold a printed message (e.g.a proverb, prophecy or joke) served in Chinese re

35、staurants （美）簽語餅（中國餐館的折疊形小餅，內(nèi)有紙條，上寫預(yù)測運氣的格言或幽默套語）dominion n.(over) rule; powerful authority; effective control 統(tǒng)治；管轄；支配；控制straight ad. clearly, logically 清晰地；有條理地controversial a. causing or likely to cause argument or disagreement 引起爭論的；有爭議的abstract a. existing in thought or as an idea but not having

36、 a physical or practical existence 抽象的antidote n.解毒藥；（喻）矯正方法，對抗手段civility n. fact or act of showing politeness; act of being civilized 禮貌，客氣，謙恭communal a. 1. of or referring to a commune or a community 公共的；社區(qū)的，集體的2. for the use of all; shared 公用的；共有的odds n.(pl.) probability or chance 可能性；機會schoolyar

37、d n.校園；操場stab vt. pierce(sth.) or wound (sb.) with a pointed tool or weapon; push (a knife, etc.) into sb./sth.戳（某物）；刺（某人）；用（刀等）刺（或戳、捅）某人（或某物）stabbing n. instance of stabbing or being stabbed 用利器傷人stepparent n.繼父，后父；繼母，后母remedy n.藥品；治療（法）；補救辦法；糾正辦法vt.醫(yī)治；治療；補救；糾正remedial a.補救的；糾正的；補習(xí)的popularize vt. 1

38、. make (sth.) generally liked 使（某事物）被大家喜歡，使受大家歡迎2. make (sth.) known or available to the general public, esp. by presenting it in an easily understandable form 使（某事物）眾所周知；使普及chill vt. 1. make cold 使變冷；使冷卻；使感到冷2. discourage 使沮喪；使掃興n.寒冷；風(fēng)寒；冷淡；沮喪；掃興scholar n. person who studies an academic subject deep

39、ly 學(xué)者psychotherapy n. treatment of mental disorders by psychological methods 精神療法；心理療法neuroscientist n.神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)家handy a.(of an object, tool, machine, etc.) easy to use; useful for some purpose 便于使用的；有用的numerical a. of, expressed in or representing numbers 數(shù)字的；用數(shù)字表示的；代表數(shù)字的approve vt. 1. have a positive o

40、pinion of 贊成；稱許2. accept, permit or officially agree to 批準(zhǔn)；允許；對表示認可neural a. the nerves 神經(jīng)的pathway n. way or track made for or by people walking 小路，小徑（= path）Phrases and Expressions one by one separately; individually in order 一個一個地；依次地right now immediately; at this moment 立即；此刻run an errand carry message