高考英語完形填空解題技巧和方法

1、精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上高考英語專題復習-完形填空解題技巧指導格式塔心理學:當看見不完整的事物時，人們根據(jù)腦子里對事物的完整概念，會在思想上把它補全。即：補全心理一.高中英語課程標準和考試說明對高考完形填空的規(guī)定：完形填空是高考試題中的一個重要部分。完形填空共20題，考試時間為20分鐘左右，分值為30分，占總分的20。在兩篇題材熟悉、難度適中的短文(約350詞)內留有20個空格，每個空格為一題，每題有四個選擇項，要求考生在全面理解內容的基礎上選擇一個最佳答案，使短文的意思和結構恢復完整。完形填空部分的目的是測試學生綜合運用語言的能力（測試能力要求大體接近大學非英語專業(yè)二年級水平。）完型填空考

2、查綜合運用語言的能力：1）詞語辨析能力2）語法結構分析能力3）語篇理解能力4）邏輯推理能力5）文化背景透析能力6）生活常識綜合運用能力 1. 通常從一篇300-350詞左右，文章中設空20個，首句不挖空； 2. 內容完整, 邏輯性強, 語言結構嚴謹。生詞少, 難度適中。 3. 干擾項設計嚴密.一般情況下，四個選項的詞性相同或屬于同等或對等范疇，干擾項填入后在語法上一般不存在錯誤，對考生有很大的迷惑作用； 4.突出語篇(語境)，強調應用，注重交際； 5. 考察重點多為實詞: 名詞 / 代詞 /動詞 / 形 容詞 / 副詞等；單詞為主、短語為輔。 6. 關注語境背景知識, 側重上下關聯(lián),

3、 暗示判斷能力。 7.大多富有積極的教育意義，給人以人生的啟迪或是充滿了生活情趣；記敘文對于敘事，描述類文章。短文的首句，往往點明故事發(fā)生的人物(who),時間（when），地點(where)，和事件(what)等背景情況。例： It was a busy morning，about 8:30,when an elderly gentleman in his 80s came to the hospital .議論文1、議論文的設題往往多以上下文為基礎，利用承前信息或滯后信息，使讀者有所依托。2、議論文中表達作者態(tài)度或看法的詞較多，所以，試題中對形容詞和副詞的考查往往也較多。問題跳躍性較大。我

4、們做題時，既要看事實，又要感悟作者的態(tài)度與情感。 對于論述文，首句表明了論述的主題。起到揭示主題的作用。例如： A man who knows how to write a personal letter has a very powerful tool. A letter can be enjoyed, read and 21 . 說明文說明文直白性較強，脈絡清晰。2、說明文的層次清晰，整體性強，所以，遞進性詞匯和名詞的設題往往出現(xiàn)得較多。只要把握這些關鍵，做完形填空便會得心應手，游刃有余。完形填空總體要求完形填空全面考查學生的語言知識、閱讀理解能力和總體語言水平。 解題過程是對語篇中的缺失

5、信息進行猜測、推斷、驗證的過程，需要我們立足語篇環(huán)境，樹立全局觀念，瞻前顧后，連貫思維，從語境角度來選擇答案。高考完形填空考什么？1. 詞匯題2. 語法結構3. 篇章結構(語境) 為什么我們在這一題型上總是失分較多?1. 沒有嚴格遵循答題步驟:很多考生一拿到完形填空題就急于選擇答案，不認真分析通篇文章，單純求快，忽略語篇理解，只看局部的詞義辨析、搭配和語法結構。表面上解題速度挺快，但是這種見樹不見林的做法只會影響解題的質量和效率。切記:一定要用2-3分鐘時間先進行缺詞閱讀,弄清文章大意和基本脈絡后再著手逐個填空. 2. 不注意積累答題技巧: a.忽略文章首句的提示作用； b.忽略文章中上下文之

6、間的照應關系; c.遇到長句不注意分析句子結構,在語義模糊時抱碰運氣的心理隨意作出選擇. 3.時間安排不當:在幾個選項上過分糾纏，追求完美，導致許多本可以做出的題來不及做。 切記:正確的做法是由易到難，先做會做的，再考慮較難的。強烈推薦：如尚有幾題題目不確定可將某題的可能的兩項填入空格, 然后快速地整句整段地默讀, 選擇某一項習慣或短語或動賓搭配讀起來較流暢的.四. 解題方法：總的原則: 先完意，后完形。十六字方針：上下通氣 ，瞻前顧后，左顧右盼，前后照應 。 三步曲： 讀填讀五. 完形填空具體解題步驟通覽-選填-復核 1 通覽-速讀全文，把握大意 跳格快速閱讀一下全文，通過通覽全文、領會大意

7、，概略地了解文章的體裁、背景、內容等等。 2 選填-緊扣文意，瞻前顧后 先易后難，逐層深入。緊扣全文內容，聯(lián)系上下文和語境，展開邏輯推理，注意從上下文中尋找線索，注意詞匯的意義、搭配，慣用法，語法，常識等多個角度進行綜合考，選項入格。3 復核-全面檢查，確保語意連貫，用詞準確復讀全文驗證答案。帶著答案把全文再通讀一遍 ，注意看所選答案填入空白處后能否做到文章意思通順、前后連貫、邏輯嚴謹、結構完整、首尾呼應。完形填空之解題技巧-Basic skills of cloze 細讀文章的第一句話高考完形填空選文的第一句話通常是完整的。該句往往就是主題句（Topic Sentence），這就為我們理解文

8、章的內在聯(lián)系提供了一個“窗口”，它的句意往往為全文提供中心信息，能直接概括全文大意、揭示主題。 充分重視首句的標示作用，利用它為解題找到一個突破口，據(jù)此展開思維，爭取開局勝利。一：詞匯題1. 上下文和前后句的提示（復現(xiàn)、同/近義詞、反義詞）1.( 北京卷)Mrs. Neidl would ask me for my 37 . She wanted to know how I thought She believed I had opinions, so I began to .37. A.opinion B.impression C.information D.intention 語境-原詞重

9、現(xiàn)2. (陜西卷） I had some 28 in my pocker, but I would not give them to him, thinking to myself he would 29（ only） use the money to feed his addiction to drugs or alcohol. 28. A. chocolates B. coins C. tins D. drugs語境-同義詞、近義詞復現(xiàn)3. Many old people dont have good _. They cant watch TV, but they can listen t

10、o music or news over the radio .A hearing B health C eyesight D time4. Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very, very_. A. deep B.high C. cold D. dangerous5. Chinese government challenged local shools to conduct experiments in-educationreform. And then Renda Fuzhong Xi

11、san School in Beijing stepped up to the_. A. charges B. exchange C. challenge D. experience語境-原詞重現(xiàn)(詞性變化)6. and then both ended up from the same high school. Just three weeks before_, Bill asked Mark if they could talk.(2003北京）A graduation B movement C separation D vacation7The amount of usable water

12、 has always been of great interest in the world. Holding springs and streams sometimes means control, particularly in the 22 areas like the desert. 22Adry Bdistant Cdeserted Dwild 8The correct water supply forecast is based more on the water from the 34 than from the below. 34Aclouds Bsky Cair Dabov

13、e 9In 1964 Shirley graduated from Gallaudet and looked for _44_.She wanted to be independent and work full time. 44.A.informationB.helpC.a job D.an assistant10. The stone men face 41,rather than out to sea, and their eyes are focused upon the sky. 41. A. forward B. outward C. onward D. inward11.The

14、art experts who work at the gallery say they used modern chemistry technology to 45 the paint on the picture. These checks found traces(痕跡) of paint deep in the picture dating from about 1814.45. A. try B. remove C. wash D. check詞匯題2.詞語的習慣用法和固定搭配 1. （全國I) The nurse had him take a 36 in the waiting a

15、rea, 37(telling) him it would be at least 40 minutes 38(before) someone would be able to see him . 36 A. breath B. test C. seat D. break 語境-固定搭配2.The city(Washington) was named_George Washington, the first president of the United States. A. by B. for C. as D. after3. It was 4 oclock when the front d

16、oorbell rang. Mrs Clarke was _tea at the time.A. cooking B. making C. burning D. serving4. Mark_ down and helped the boy pick up these articles.(北京 春 50小題） A.fell B. sat C.lay D. knelt5. , but they are _ damage to our houses and shops of historical interest, Said John Norris,one of the protesters.（第

17、30題)A .doing B. raising C. putting D. producing 6.Hed 36 his life brewing beer for local breweries only to make a living, 37 had his father and grandfather before him. 36A. cost B. spent C. take D. paid37A. like B. as if C. so D. nor7. On April 12, 1888, Alfreds brother Ludwig died of heart attack.

18、A major French newspaper _ his brother for him and A. found B. misunderstood C. mistook D. judged能與“A for B”搭配的在四個選項中只有選項C, mistake A for B意為“誤以為A是B，把A錯當成B”。注意：mistake-mistook-mistaken詞匯題3.根據(jù)詞匯的意義及用法辨析詞義1.(江蘇卷) My father 36 me to her with these words:“I would like you to meet the fellow who is 36.A.

19、rushed B.sent C.carried D.introduced 語境-詞義辨析2.(全國I）The happiest people dont 53(necessarily ) have the best of everything；they just 54 the best of everything they have . 54 A. learn B make C.favor D.try語境-詞義辨析3. The boy was _ _ the water and his canoe was _ away. A. on B. within C. in D. under A. run

20、ning B. floating C. flowing D. pulling 4. With her slow and clumsy reactions, she would surely _ her team.A. hold on B. hold out C. hold over D. hold up 語境+詞語辨析5.The trainer decided it was useless trying to finish. He called to Trudy to 45 .45A. keep up B. slow down C. give up D. take up6.The forest

21、 began to disappear, which 53 all the animals dying out. 53. A. resulted in B. resulted from C. created D. lay in7. Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel Prizes, which would be awarded to people who made great _ to the causes of peace, literature, an

22、d the sciences. A. additions B. sacrifices C. changes D. contributions make additions to 給增加 make sacrifices for 為做出犧牲 make changes to對作修改 make contributions to 對作貢獻8. So I tried hard with my writing and went to college . My first novel 45 while I was at college. 45. A. came on B. came in C. came ou

23、t D. came backcome on 加油，得了吧；開始come out 出來; 盛開; 出版; 顯出come in 進來 come back 回來詞匯題4.根據(jù)生活常識及文化背景知識進行選擇1. I made my sandwich that afternoon while waiting for Cassie. 39 the butter-cream gave me an idea. A. Spreading B. Boiling C. Baking D. Holding 生活常識2. (福建)Born in America , I spoke English not Chinese

24、， the language of my ancestors . When I was three . my parents flashed cards with Chinese 36 at my face , but I pused them 37 (aside ) , 36. A. custorn B. games C .characters D. language 常識、背景知識3. I turned the key in the lock and _the door open.A. knocked B. forced C. pushed D. tried 語境-常識4.(浙江)I do

25、nt remember my father ever getting into a swimming pool. But he did love the water. Any kind of ride seemed to give him pleasure. And he loved to fishA. boat B. bus C. train D. bike5. ,you _the international dateline.By agreement, this is the point where a new day_. A. see B. cross C. are D. are sto

26、pped byA.is coming B. is discovered C.is invented D. beginsthe international dateline是國際日期變更線，是人們所規(guī)定的，看不見，摸不著，但是可以越過。它是新的一天開始的地方。答案分別為B 和D其實，以上方法并非獨立使用，交互使用的情況較多。根據(jù)文章運用多方法，對選項逐項分析，排除干擾項，從而確定最佳答案。對稍難的或拿不準的個別題，我們可采用排除法。 二：邏輯手段 1.邏輯手段順序關系并列關系因果關系讓步關系轉折關系解釋關系1.（江蘇卷) Then she looked at my father and repl

27、ied,“You are 40(wrong). This is not the worst boy at all, 41 the smartest one who hasnt yet found an outlet（釋放的途徑）for his enthusiasm.” 41. A.but B.so C.and D.or 語境-轉折關系、搭配2.（2010湖南卷) Bean is a white dog, quite handsome and very 38 . 38. A. smart B.sweet C.slow D.shy 語境-同類并列關系3.（2010安徽卷) First of all

28、, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand, . Then the writing point of the pen 52 ,the pen should make a thick, dark line. 52. A. Meanwhile B. Generally C. Afterwards D. Finally 語境-順序關系4. A transistor radio is sometimes very small.It is very easy to carry_,radio broadcasts are better for blind peo

29、ple. A. Besides B. However C. Yet D. Sometimes5. At first nothing happened,_suddenly a large rat rushed out of the A.and B. or C. so D.then 6. My main responsibility(職責） were clearing tables and washing dishes,_sometimes I helped cook.（2003 北京 第40題） A. or B. so C. but D. even7. _ father and I often

30、argue with each other, we are good friends. A. If B. Although C. When D. As if 語境-讓步關系8. If we make a noise on the bus they look _ and uncomfortable . A. untouched B. worried C, moved D. excitedHellen was an old teacher with a warm smile and _eyes. A. bursting B. freezing C. friendly D. lively 語境-并列

31、關系二：邏輯手段 2：語法結構分析 When we talked, I discovered（發(fā)現(xiàn)） some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little _ than that in China. We usually have forty minutes in each class. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later（遼寧） 42 is kno

32、wn to us all, there is not 43 (enough) water in all places for every-one to use as much as he likes. 42. A. That B. It C. What D. As When Ed first phoned and _we play, I laughed quietly, figuring on an easy victory.(NMET2003 , 37題） A.declared B. mentioned C.persuaded D. suggested（天津卷） “ As a policem

33、an, I saw 27 there was violence, drugs were always behind it. They have a damaging 28(impact) on the kids. ” 27. A. where B. unless C. as D. whether The instructor then _ that we find ways to make apologize to people.A. expected B. suggested C. told D. saidwe find = we should find Of course, he did

34、not understand a thing, but he nodded his head as he_A. did B. had C. understood D. could這兒did 代替understood,不選understood避免重復。屬語法考點.(遼寧)What made him sad was _his piano teacher in Beijing didnt like him.A. whether B. why C. when D. that 完型填空中語法結構方面測試較少1）虛擬語氣； 2）定語從句（連接詞，限定與非限定定語從句的區(qū)別，定語從句與其它主從復合句的區(qū)別）

35、； 3）狀語從句； 4）非謂語動詞；5）主謂搭配一致 ； 6）并列句；7）省略句；8）倒裝句及復雜句子 注意上下文的邏輯關系和語篇內容，這樣才能確保答案的正確。三：語篇理解作者觀點、態(tài)度Life is very 55 , so dont rush to make decisions. Life doesnt let you plan.55A. hard B. busy C. short D. longDr. Shirley Jeanne Allen has traveled many roads and followed many rainbows searching for her drea

36、m. With courage and _55_, she never gave up. 55.A.determinationB. intelligence C. strengthD. prideThis is because the most important character of creative people is a very strong 40 to find a way out of trouble.40Adesire Binspire Cinfluence Dattitude小結：完型填空考查內容語篇信息（語境理解）詞匯手段：原詞復現(xiàn)，同義.近義復現(xiàn)，反義詞，習慣用法 語法

37、手段：指代，句型，語法項目邏輯手段：順序關系，并列關系，因果關系，讓步關系，轉折關系，解釋關系作者觀點、態(tài)度解題過程中應做到注意上下文語境 了解常識背景 掌握習慣搭配 運用詞義辨析 運用語法分析 運用邏輯分析 運用排除法 英語完形填空解題步驟1. 通讀全文，統(tǒng)攬全局。首句主題2. 逐句分析，確定選項。比較選項3. 通盤理解，上下一致。作者思想4. 復讀全文，核對答案。第一感覺做題三忌：v 急于求成，未通讀全文便忙于答題， 不了解文意。 v 只摳字眼，語法，不顧文意，抓不住關鍵。v 斷章取義，不管前后照應，前后矛盾。v 不善于邏輯推理，容易受思維定勢的干擾,忽視特定語境中知識的應用。如何提高能力

38、技巧一、提高閱讀能力（速度、理解）二、打好語法基礎 三、擴充詞匯量（詞匯是完型之根，動 詞、名詞為主）四、增長生活常識，培養(yǎng)廣泛的興趣愛好五、堅持每天做兩篇，以提高實戰(zhàn)能力總結-解題方法： 總的原則： “先完意，后完形”。 八字方針： 上下求索，瞻前顧后。三步曲： 讀填讀試技巧一：邏輯語氣解題法這種邏輯語氣主要包含并列、遞進、因果、轉折和委婉語氣等等。這類題的選項多為連詞、副詞或具有連詞意義的各類短語。【例題】He had spent those years well, graduating from college, completing two internships(實習) in Was

39、hington, D.C, and _, becoming a technical assistant in Sacramento.A. hopefully B. finally C. particularly D. certainly【解析】有上文及全句的意思可知，在這兒是作者六年求學和工作的最后一個環(huán)節(jié)，表示畢業(yè)之后找到了一份工作，從預期上講，應該是結論性的，所以，惟有finally符合題意，選B。應試技巧二：固定搭配解題法這類題與語法結構題有點類似，但主要慣用搭配，講究詞與詞的搭配，涉及到關聯(lián)詞、動詞、副詞、形容詞、名詞和短語等。Telling him that he no longer

40、 needed to enjoy them but I still needed to write them, I _ until the day he graduated.A. held up B. gave up C. followed D. continued由句意可知，“盡管兒子不愿意再收到我的字條，但是我依然堅持寫到他畢業(yè)為止?！边@道題實際上是一道固定搭配題，其結構為notuntil，但句中沒有否定副詞not，再則，若A、B兩項短語用于這一結構中須與not連用，故不合題意;C項的followed應為及物動詞，后面需加賓語方可，再則followed在此有歧義，也不合題意，由于conti

41、nue是延續(xù)性動詞，所以，無需否定副詞，在這一固定搭配中只有瞬間動詞才與not連用，所以選D。應試技巧三：語法結構法這類題需要考生有較為扎實的語法基礎知識，能夠從句式的結構上辨別出須填相關的關聯(lián)詞、連詞、副詞、形容詞或相應的動詞，當然還要考慮到主謂一致的關系等語法知識要點。When it was 5:00pm, I was ready to go home. I was about to turn off my computer _ I received an email from Garth, my Director.A. while B. when C. where D. after這里w

42、hen的意思是just at the moment， 與前面的when意思不一樣，A項的while無此意，D項的after不符合行為交互邏輯，C項完全是錯誤。所以選B。應試技巧四：語境信息解題法選項重在語意干擾，考生應具有通過上下文提示、暗示或鋪墊，對篇章進行整體上的把握的能力。所以，快速瀏覽全文，迅速領悟篇章主旨，通過上下文語境選擇答案選項乃解決完形填空的關鍵。Our _1_ challenge was to keep the rock mixture _2_ enough.1. A. next B. first C. past D. previous2. A. cold B. wet C. loose D. clean短文前面提到第一個挑戰(zhàn)是發(fā)電的問題，那么接下來的挑戰(zhàn)就是如何保持溫度的問題。所以1題答案為A。從下文提到的灑水車等事情，我們可以判斷出2這兒應該是“保持濕度”的語意，所以答案為B項。應試技巧五：利用常識解題法這類題主要是考查考生應該把握的英美國家的文化背景知識和生活常識，但唯有在無法準確把握語言知識時，可充分利用所學的社會知識和科普知識進行語境判斷。Yesterday