2022年2008考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解真題解析第一篇女性壓力WomenUnderStress

1、CONTENTS2021 Text 1While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be wayahead in at least one undesirable category.“ Women are particularly susceptible to developingdepression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,ording”to Dacrc.Yehuda, chief ps

2、ychiatrist at New York s Veteran s Administration Hospital.在現(xiàn)代生活中女性就算是在某些領(lǐng)域可以追逐上男性,但至少在一個(gè)方面是領(lǐng)先的,盡管是她們不太想要的.紐約的退伍軍治理醫(yī)院精神科首席醫(yī)生Yehuda博士說(shuō)道,和男性相比,女性面對(duì)壓力時(shí),更簡(jiǎn)潔受到影響,導(dǎo)致抑郁和緊急.spheresfi . n.球, 球面, 球體, 天體, 地球儀 , 范疇 vt.包圍 , 使成球體 ,放入球內(nèi)【例】 Many countries have difficulties in the economic sphere.很多國(guó)家在經(jīng)濟(jì)方面遇到了困難.cate

3、gory'k.tig.rin.種類(lèi), 類(lèi)項(xiàng);【例】 These Categories recognize different levels of competition.這些類(lèi)別可被用來(lái)辨論出競(jìng)賽里不同的等級(jí).susceptibles .'sept .bla.易受影響的 , 易感動(dòng)的 , 容許 的【例】 This agreement is not susceptible to alteration.這一協(xié)議不容更換.psychiatristsai'kai.tristn.精神病醫(yī)師 , 精神病學(xué)家【例】 The psychiatrist gave testimony th

4、at 精神病醫(yī)生有證言說(shuō) Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehowaffect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of thetrigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries the

5、 female reproductiveorgans removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.對(duì)于動(dòng)物和人類(lèi)的爭(zhēng)論都顯示出性激素會(huì)在某種程度去影響面對(duì)壓力的反應(yīng),導(dǎo)致在同樣的條件下, 女性產(chǎn)生更多的致病化學(xué)物質(zhì).在幾項(xiàng)爭(zhēng)論中,當(dāng)受到壓力的雌鼠的卵巢（雌性的生殖器官）被拿掉后, 它們的化學(xué)反應(yīng)變得和那些雄性的一樣了.trigger'trig.n.觸發(fā)器 , 板機(jī), 制滑機(jī)vt.觸發(fā), 發(fā)射, 引起vi.松開(kāi)板柄【例】 The odour of food may be a trigger fo

6、r man's appetite.食物的香味能引起人的食欲.1. Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions.【譯文】對(duì)于動(dòng)物和人類(lèi)的爭(zhēng)論都顯示出性激素會(huì)在某種程度去影響面對(duì)壓力的反應(yīng),導(dǎo)致在同樣的條件下,女性產(chǎn)生更

7、多的致病化學(xué)物質(zhì).【解析】這句話(huà)的主語(yǔ)是 Studies,of both animals and humans是定語(yǔ), 修飾主語(yǔ). have shown是謂語(yǔ),that 后是賓語(yǔ)從句, sex hormones是賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ), affect是賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ), the stress可編輯資料 - - - 歡迎下載response是賓語(yǔ)從句中的賓語(yǔ), causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions.是賓語(yǔ)從句中的狀語(yǔ)從句.

8、2. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries the female reproductive organs removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.【譯文】在幾項(xiàng)爭(zhēng)論中,當(dāng)受到壓力的雌鼠的卵巢（雌性的生殖器官）被拿掉后,它們的化學(xué)反應(yīng)變得和那些雄性的一樣了.【解析】這句話(huà)中Inseveralofthestudies和 whenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheir o

9、varies the female reproductive organs removed都是狀語(yǔ)從句, their chemical responses是主語(yǔ), became是謂語(yǔ),在 when的狀語(yǔ)從句中, stressed-outfemalerats是從句中的主語(yǔ),hadsomething removed是謂語(yǔ).Adding to a woman s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased“ opportunities” for stress.“ It s not necessarily that women don t

10、 cope as well. It s just that they have so much more to cope with,” sa.ysYDehr uda.“ Their capacity for toleratingstress may even be greater than men s, ” she observes,“ it s just that they re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner. ”對(duì)于女性來(lái)說(shuō),除了產(chǎn)生更多的

11、導(dǎo)致壓力的化學(xué)物質(zhì)外,她們產(chǎn)生壓力的“機(jī)會(huì) ”也更多. “并不是女性要處理的事情太少,而是她們有更多的事情要處理.”Yehuda 博士說(shuō)道. “她們對(duì)于壓力的承擔(dān)才能有時(shí)候甚至比男性的仍大”,她觀(guān)看到, “她們只是需要處理的事情太多,看起來(lái)會(huì)更簡(jiǎn)潔精疲力盡.”capacityk .'p.sitin.容量, 才能, 才能, 資格【例】 This room has a seating capacity of 100 people.這個(gè)房間可容納一百人.3. Addingtoawoman s increaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased“ op

12、portunities” for stress.【譯文】對(duì)于女性來(lái)說(shuō),除了產(chǎn)生更多的導(dǎo)致壓力的化學(xué)物質(zhì)外,她們產(chǎn)生壓力的“機(jī)會(huì) ”也更多. “并不是女性要處理的事情太少,而是她們有更多的事情要處理.【解析】這句話(huà)中 Adding to a woman s increased dose of stress chemicals是狀語(yǔ), add to的意思是增加 , 增加, 補(bǔ)充,后面的句子沒(méi)有主語(yǔ).Adding to后面接的是名詞,表補(bǔ)充。Dr . Yeh uda notes another difference between the sexes.“ I think that the kinds

13、 of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to warand are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence.Thekindsofinterpersonalviolencethatwomenareexposedtotendtobein domestic situations, by, unfortunately, pare

14、nts or other family members, and theytendnottobeone-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tearthatcomesfromtheselonger relationships can be quite devastating.”Yehuda博士留意到了另一個(gè)男女之間的不同點(diǎn).“我認(rèn)為,女性通常要做的事是慢性的,重復(fù)的.而男人去戰(zhàn)場(chǎng),承擔(dān)的是格斗的壓力.男性面臨的更多的是任憑的身體上的暴力.女性面對(duì)的人與人之間的暴力是在家庭環(huán)境中的.不幸的是,她們與父母仍有其他的家庭成員之間不是能夠一次性解決的問(wèn)題.這種長(zhǎng)期的關(guān)系的磨合是更有破壞性的.可

15、編輯資料 - - - 歡迎下載exposeiks'p.uzvt.使暴露 ,受到; 使曝光 ; 揭露, 揭發(fā)【例】 You shouldn't expose the soldiers to unnecessary risks.你不應(yīng)當(dāng)讓士兵們冒不必要的危急.random'r.nd.mn.任憑, 任意 a.任意的, 任憑的 , 胡亂的 , 隨機(jī)的ad.胡亂地domesticd .'mestika.家里的 ,家庭的 ; 本國(guó)的 ,國(guó)內(nèi)的 ; 馴養(yǎng)的【例】 The meeting concerns both foreign and domestic policies.會(huì)

16、議關(guān)系到國(guó)內(nèi)外政策.devastatingadj 破壞性的【例】 A smouldering cigarette can kindle a devastating bushfire.悶燃著的香煙會(huì)引起毀滅性的林區(qū)大火.4. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domesticsituations,by,unfortunately,parentsorotherfamilymembers,andtheytendnottobe one-shot deals.【譯文】女性面對(duì)的人與人之間

17、的暴力是在家庭環(huán)境中的.不幸的是,她們與父母仍有其他的家庭成員之間不是能夠一次性解決的問(wèn)題.【解析】這句話(huà)中 The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to是主語(yǔ),tend是謂語(yǔ). unfortunately是插入語(yǔ),整個(gè)的是by parents or other family members,and 連接一個(gè)句子,所以這句話(huà)是一個(gè)并列句.AdelineAlvarezmarriedat 18andgavebirthtoa son,butwasdetermined tofinish college.“ I struggl

18、ed a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration thatthat was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better. ” Late, rher marriageendedand she became a single mother.“ It s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job,pay the rent, pay the car payment, an

19、d pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”Adeline Alvarez 18歲結(jié)婚并生了個(gè)兒子,但她預(yù)備完成高校學(xué)業(yè).“我盡了很大的努力拿到高校學(xué) 位,由于我在實(shí)際生活中有很多的挫折,而這就是我的躲避,去學(xué)校,爭(zhēng)取上游,做到更好.”不久后,她離了婚變成一個(gè)單親母親. “除了照管一個(gè)十幾歲的孩子,仍要工作, 付房租, 養(yǎng)車(chē),仍債是最難的事情了.我的生活就是不停的支付自己的賬單.”struggle'str . gln.斗爭(zhēng), 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng); 掙扎, 努力vi.掙扎斗爭(zhēng) , 奮斗【例】 They stayed awake in their

20、 struggle against terrorists.在與反懼怕分子的斗爭(zhēng)中他們始終保持當(dāng)心.frustrationfr . s'trei . .nn.打破, 挫折, 頓挫【例】 actions expressive of frustration.表達(dá)受挫的行動(dòng)paycheck'peit. ekn.付薪水的支票 ; 薪津; 租金【例】 The boss docked his paycheck $ 20.老板從他的工資中扣去20 美元.Alvarez sexperiencedemonstratestheimportanceoffindingwaystodiffusestres

21、s before it threatens your health and your ability to function.Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain.不是每個(gè)人經(jīng)受著和 Alvarez describes一樣的長(zhǎng)期的壓力, 但是大多數(shù)女性都在處理著太多的責(zé)任,可編

22、輯資料 - - - 歡迎下載很少得到喘息,從而感到了壓力.Alvarez的經(jīng)受證明白當(dāng)壓力威逼你的健康和正常和正常生理功能之前解壓是特別重要的.obligation' . bli'gei. .nn.義務(wù), 職責(zé), 責(zé)任; 契約, 債務(wù)【例】 He feels a prior obligation to his job as a journalist.他覺(jué)得要優(yōu)先為他的新聞?dòng)浾叩墓ぷ鞅M職.5. Alvarez s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it t

23、hreatens your health and your ability to function.【譯文】 Alvarez的經(jīng)受證明白當(dāng)壓力威逼你的健康和正常生理功能之前解壓是特別重要的.【解析】這句話(huà)中 Alvarez s experience是主語(yǔ), demonstrates是謂語(yǔ), theimportance是賓語(yǔ),of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.這整個(gè)一句話(huà)都是修飾賓語(yǔ)the importance的.21.Which of th

24、e following is true according to the first two paragraphs.A Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.B Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.C Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.D Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.21. 參考答案【

25、A 】【解析】 A 從文中 Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men 和 Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing femalesunder stress to produce more of the trigger chemi

26、cals than do males under the sameconditions.這 2 句話(huà)可以看出由于激素荷爾蒙的緣由,女性在生理上面對(duì)壓力時(shí)更脆弱.B文中沒(méi)有說(shuō)明女性受到來(lái)自于男性的壓力.C 和 D 在前 2 段中沒(méi)有說(shuō)明,應(yīng)選A.另解：文章第 1 ，2 段明確表述,婦女在面對(duì)壓力時(shí),由于性荷爾蒙的差異,會(huì)產(chǎn)生更多的triggerchemicals,而這個(gè)是導(dǎo)致她們develop depression and anxiety disorders的緣由.所以,婦女在面對(duì)壓力的時(shí)候更加脆弱,選A.而且,仍有個(gè)支持力特別強(qiáng)的老鼠試驗(yàn),去掉母鼠的卵巢,就其chemicalresponses

27、就與公鼠一樣了,這說(shuō)明是生理（或生物,biologically）上的緣由. B 根本無(wú)從談起,與此項(xiàng)沾點(diǎn)邊的是第四段的婦女的壓力更多源于婦女與其他家庭成員,雖然這里的“其他家庭成員 ”最有可能的就是她們的老公（ men ）,但原文并未明述,況且這也是第四段了.C 也無(wú)從談起,跟它沾點(diǎn)邊的在第3段的這句話(huà)： Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than mens ,這個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)稍加留意即可排除. D 有一點(diǎn)干擾性,男人與婦女在面對(duì)壓力時(shí),顯示出不同的傾向性.但問(wèn)題是這個(gè)“傾向性 ”如何懂得？假如是自然的特質(zhì),也有點(diǎn)符合啊

28、. 但這個(gè) inclination,英文的說(shuō)明是 A characteristic dispositiontodo,prefer , or favoronethingratherthananother;a propensity.這說(shuō)明, inclination是性格方面,而非生理方面的.所以不對(duì).22. Dr. Yehuda s research suggests that womenA need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress.B have limited capacity for tolerating stress.C are more

29、capable of avoiding stress.D are exposed to more stress.可編輯資料 - - - 歡迎下載22. 參考答案【 D 】【解析】 D第確定位, Dr . Yehuada s 在第 3 段中,第一句話(huà), Adding to a woman s increaseddose of stresschemicals, are her increased“ opportunities” f女or性st的re壓ss力. 化學(xué)物質(zhì)增多,她面對(duì)壓力的機(jī)會(huì)就會(huì)增加.也就是更簡(jiǎn)潔暴露在更多的壓力下.A參考答案中有 ”chemicals ”,但是表達(dá)的意思是處理壓力需

30、要額外的,更多的化學(xué)物質(zhì), 和原文意思不符. B 文中有一句話(huà), “Their capacityfor tolerating stress may even be greater than men她們處理s壓, 力”的才能或許甚至比男性仍大,而參考答案的意思是女性處理壓力的才能有限,與原文不符.C參考答案中是 “avoiding stress”,而原文中沒(méi)有提到防止壓力.應(yīng)選D .另解： A 錯(cuò),原文是 causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicalsthan do males under the sam

31、e conditions.B 反了,原文是Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men s. C 錯(cuò),原文只是提到她們更有可能面對(duì)壓力,她們是不是更能避免壓力,不得而知啊.D為正確答案,原文有Addingtoa woman s increaseddoseofstresschemicals, are her increased“opportunities” for stress.23. According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be

32、A domestic and temporary.B irregular and violent.C durable and frequent.D trivial and random.23. 參考答案【 C】【解析】 C先回到原文,第4段, “The wear -and-tearthatcomesfromtheselongerrelationships can be quite devastating來(lái)自于這”些更長(zhǎng)關(guān)系的磨損甚至可以是災(zāi)難性的.長(zhǎng)期的,所以是 durable.文中又說(shuō), “unfortunately, parents orother family members, and

33、they tend notto be one-shot deals.中”they tend not to be one-shot deals,說(shuō)明不是一次兩次,而是常常性的,所以是 frequent.A. domestic是對(duì)的,文中有提及到,但是不是temporary,短暫的,而是長(zhǎng)期的.Bviolent是男性面對(duì)的壓力的特點(diǎn),而不是女性.D.random也是男性面對(duì)的壓力的特點(diǎn),而不是女性.應(yīng)選 C.另解：留意原文women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature, 另外有 and they ten

34、d not to be one-shot deals,能和這些匹配的,只有C.可編輯資料 - - - 歡迎下載that24. The sentence“ I lived from paycheck to paycheck.” Line 6, Para. 5 showsA Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.可編輯資料 - - - 歡迎下載B Alvarezs salary barely covered her household expenses.C Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.D Alvarez paid practically everything by check.24. 參考答案【 B 】【解析】 B第五段最終定位, “It s the har