試析高中英語說課模式及例析

1、試析高中英語說課模式及例析四川省綿陽實驗高級中學(xué) 楊朝雙所謂“說課”就是教師在備課的基礎(chǔ)上，依據(jù)課程標準和教材，在教學(xué)理論的指導(dǎo)下，結(jié)合教師實際、學(xué)生實際和教學(xué)條件，向其他教師說明本單元或本節(jié)課的教學(xué)思想、教學(xué)程序的設(shè)計、教學(xué)方法的選擇以及教學(xué)手段的采用、學(xué)法指導(dǎo)等方面的觀點。實際上，說課和講課一樣，是教師把教學(xué)技能轉(zhuǎn)化為教學(xué)能力、更好地優(yōu)化課堂教學(xué)、提高教學(xué)質(zhì)量的一種形式。說課要掌握基本程序，做到“八說”。一、說教材主要說明“教什么”的問題和“為什么要教這些”，具體有：一要說清本節(jié)教材內(nèi)容在整冊教材或整個單元中的地位，即重要性或特殊性；二要說清本節(jié)教材內(nèi)容的主要知識點與前后知識點的聯(lián)系；三要

2、說清與教材內(nèi)容有緊密聯(lián)系的附件（如插圖、圖冊、注解、思考題及閱讀材料等）及其作用；四要說清本節(jié)教材的教學(xué)重點、難點的確定及其依據(jù)。另外還要說出教學(xué)時對難點的處理等；五要說清執(zhí)教者對教材作哪些處理加工（如增刪、修改、調(diào)整等）及其依據(jù)。 二、說教法即說明該課在教學(xué)過程中將采用的教學(xué)方法及依據(jù)，主要是說明“怎樣教”和“為什么這樣教”。在確定教學(xué)目的要求后，恰當(dāng)?shù)剡x擇先進的教學(xué)方法是至關(guān)重要的。它需要教師根據(jù)教學(xué)內(nèi)容和師生的主客觀條件來決定取舍。因此，在說課中，教師應(yīng)將采用的教學(xué)方法以及采用這些方法的依據(jù)及所能達到的教學(xué)效果說出來。一要說清從總體上采用何種課堂教學(xué)模式及其理論依據(jù)；二要說清在某些特殊的

3、教學(xué)內(nèi)容或教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)中準備采用何種特殊的教法；三要說清如何面向不同層次學(xué)生采用不同的教法；四要說清準備使用哪些教學(xué)輔助手段及其使用目的。這四個方面的陳述都必須圍繞著一個中心，即教師的教學(xué)指導(dǎo)思想。三、說目標教學(xué)目標是教學(xué)設(shè)計時該課教學(xué)所要達到的目標，它對課堂教學(xué)活動起宏觀控制作用，也是教學(xué)后續(xù)評價的重要依據(jù)。說教學(xué)目標：一要說目標的完整性，一般教學(xué)目標應(yīng)包括知識與能力目標、過程與方法目標和情感態(tài)度與價值觀三個方面的目標；二要說目標的可行性，即教學(xué)目標要符合課程標準的要求，切合學(xué)生實際；三要說目標的可操作性，即目標要求要具體、明確，能直接用來指導(dǎo)、評價和檢查該課的教學(xué)工作。四、說學(xué)法即說明在教學(xué)過

4、程中，針對所授課內(nèi)容的難易程度結(jié)合學(xué)生的實際情況，告訴學(xué)生掌握知識的方法或技巧，也就是學(xué)法指導(dǎo)。主要說明學(xué)生要“怎樣學(xué)”的問題和“為什么這樣學(xué)”的道理。要講清教者是如何激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣、調(diào)動積極思維、強化學(xué)生主動意識的；還要講出教者是怎樣根據(jù)年級特點和學(xué)生的年齡、心理特征，運用哪些學(xué)習(xí)規(guī)律指導(dǎo)學(xué)生進行學(xué)習(xí)的。具體是：一要分析學(xué)生在掌握本節(jié)教材內(nèi)容時可能出現(xiàn)哪些障礙及其原因；二要說清在教學(xué)過程中側(cè)重指導(dǎo)學(xué)生掌握何種學(xué)習(xí)方法；三要根據(jù)學(xué)生的年齡特點和認知規(guī)律，說清準備創(chuàng)設(shè)何種教學(xué)環(huán)境和條件，來保證學(xué)生在45 分鐘內(nèi)有效地進行學(xué)習(xí)。五、說教學(xué)程序它是說課最重要的一個環(huán)節(jié)，要求說課教師在規(guī)定的時間內(nèi)說

5、明組織實施這一課的方案，如應(yīng)如何導(dǎo)入新課，如何傳授新知識，如何實現(xiàn)教學(xué)目標等。說課的過程，最能體現(xiàn)教師的教學(xué)基本功和素質(zhì)，所以，說課教師要緊緊把握教材的重點、難點，圍繞教學(xué)目標，切實處理好各教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)的關(guān)系，進行精練、簡捷的概述。六、說學(xué)情一要說清學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)，主要是與本節(jié)教材學(xué)習(xí)活動有關(guān)的知識基礎(chǔ)。二要說清學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度、興趣、習(xí)慣和方法。必須指出，“說學(xué)情”的根本目的是使教師能清醒地了解“掌握知識”與“發(fā)展”之間的關(guān)系，以便更好地貫徹教學(xué)的可接受性原則，而不是為自己的教學(xué)困難作開脫。七、說構(gòu)思這里所講的“構(gòu)思”，特指教學(xué)過程設(shè)計的總體框架及主要構(gòu)想，即課堂教學(xué)構(gòu)思?！罢f構(gòu)思”的具體要求是：

6、一要說清教學(xué)過程的總體結(jié)構(gòu)及各個教學(xué)板塊的時間分配；二要說清主要教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)的主要設(shè)計，特別是怎樣設(shè)計有思維力度的問題來激活學(xué)生的思維；三要說清教學(xué)重點如何突破，教學(xué)難點如何化解。八、說板書設(shè)計主要介紹這堂課的板書類型是綱目式還是圖表式等，什么時候板書，板書的具體內(nèi)容是什么，板書的展現(xiàn)形式是什么等，主要是說清板書設(shè)計的構(gòu)想及其與教學(xué)內(nèi)容的邏輯聯(lián)系。但應(yīng)注意：一般的提綱式的板書可以不說，只有那些匠心獨具的、有特色的或是有藝術(shù)性的板書才值得一說。板書設(shè)計時要體現(xiàn)程序性、概括性、指導(dǎo)性、藝術(shù)性。下面以SEFC SB2A Unit 1 Making a difference第四節(jié)語法課為例進行說明怎樣說課

7、。 On talking about Period 4 of Unit 1 in SEFC SB2AGreetingsGood morning, everyone! Today I am very pleased to have the opportunity to tell you about some of my teaching ideas. My topic is the fourth period: Language Study (Word study and Grammar) of Unit 1 Making a difference. This topic will be div

8、ided into five parts.PART 1 My understanding of the teaching materialThis lesson is about Language Study (Word study and Grammar). This plays an important role in how English is taught in because emphasis needs to be placed on the students language study ability as well as their reading ability. Thi

9、s lesson focuses on two parts: Word study and Grammar. In the Word study part, students are expected to pick up new words based on their understanding of reading passage NO BOUNDARIES. In the Grammar section, students are expected to become familiar with the usage of the infinitive. I should point o

10、ut that some examples of the infinitive are taken from the reading passage.教學(xué)目標：1. Enable the students to learn new words relating to science and pick up correct sentences.2. Learn how to explain words in English.3. Get the students to master the usage of the infinitive.教學(xué)重點：1.Master some new words.

11、 2. Master the usage of the infinitive in different sentences.教學(xué)難點：1. How to help the students learn to explain words in English.2. How to help the students master the usage of the infinitive.PART 2 My teaching theories for dealing with this lessonWhen I teach the class this lesson, I will do my bes

12、t to carry out the following: 1. Have the students study and use English as much as possible while I try to direct them. 2. Help the students develop their learning ability and skills, such as their abilities to analyze and summarize.3. Help the students develop creative and social skills, such as b

13、eing able to communicate with others and being able to work properly in groups.PART 3 My teaching methods in teaching this lesson1. Since part of this lesson focuses on grammar, Ill use induction to help the students sum up the rules surrounding this grammar item.2. During the course of the lesson,

14、Ill use word-guessing excerises, pair work, group discussions, drama and competition to teach the material. 3. Ill make full use of the equipment in the classroom to make the class as lively and as interesting as possible.PART 4 Teaching proceduresStep 1 Warming-up1. Greetings.2. Check students home

15、work.3. Ask individual student to read their work out to the class where fit.(In fact, this step is a lead-in. It aims to lay the foundation for the topic of this lesson.)Step 2 Language studyTask 1: Discussion (pair work and group work) （這旨在激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)詞匯的興趣。）First of all, students are asked to present t

16、he words or sentences they think are important or sound nice and then divide them into different groups before talking about why these words, phrases and sentences are important.Useful WordsUseful PhrasesUseful SentencesTask 2: Multiple choice (pair work)（該步驟是為了給學(xué)生做一些練習(xí)。）Students are asked to do Wor

17、d Study on page 5.Task 3: Grouping (individual work and group work)（該步驟不僅僅是讓學(xué)生做練習(xí)，而且還要呈現(xiàn)給學(xué)生討論的主題。）Ask each student to group the following infinitives on page 5 according to how they are used, and compare his/her answers with his/her classmates.Step 3 Explaining and analyzingTask 4: Discussion (group

18、 work)（這旨在給學(xué)生一個分析問題、通過討論或小組的方式學(xué)會合作的機會。）The teacher asks the students to discuss the structure of the infinitive and draw conclusions from it, while providing the students with insights.After the discussion, when the students have a better understanding of the structure, the teacher may present the f

19、ollowing form to help them understand it more clearly. If necessary, the teacher can also explain it a little further.The Basic Structure of the infinitive主動結(jié)構(gòu)被動結(jié)構(gòu)一般式to doto be done進行式 to be doing/完成式 to have doneto have been doneStep 4 Practice（該步驟通常是為了讓學(xué)生掌握不定式的用法。） Task 5: Rewriting (individual wo

20、rk and group work)Students are asked to finish the grammar exercises on page 6 and check their answers with their classmates and group members.Step 5 Discussion（該步驟是為了讓學(xué)生通過閱讀素材掌握不定式的用法。實際上，它是一個把語言功能和語言結(jié)構(gòu)有機結(jié)合起來的過程，旨在發(fā)展學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造思維能力。）Task 6: Brainstorming and DiscussionWe are told in the reading passage t

21、hat Professor Hawking knows exactly what his dream is and how to make it come true. What about you? What is your dream? (Teacher may then ask each student to tell their dreams before asking them to share their dreams with other students.)Step 6 Summarize and issue Homework1. Summarize whats been studied, for example, the usage of the infinitive.2. Finish relevant exercises.3. Write a short passage about your dream and how you will make it come true.4. Preview“Integrating skills”.PART 5 ConsolidationI believe the