高二下學(xué)期英語詞匯雙解及用法

1、SBIIBUnit 11 Scientific achievementsWords and expressionssolar adj. 太陽的；利用太陽能的 solar energy 太陽能giant adj. very big 巨大的 There are two giant pandas in the zoo. 在動物園里有兩只大熊貓。 n. a man of very great size and strength 巨人；巨物 The whale is the giant of the sea. 鯨是海洋中的龐然大物。 leap v. jump; jump over 跳；跳躍 (leape

2、d, leapt; leaped, leapt) Can you leap the wall? 你能跳過墻嗎？ n. the act of leaping; a jump or spring 跳躍 A frog gave a leap. 青蛙跳了一步。 mankind n. the human race 人類 It will bring peace to all mankind. 它會給全人類帶來和平。 constitution n.c the fundamental principles of a nation that determine the powers and duties of

3、the government and guarantee certain rights to the people 憲法 The constitution was adopted. 憲法被通過。 eureka int. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)了!man vt. get enough people for a job給提供人員；配備人手；操縱 We need twelve people to man the ship. 我們需要十二人以配足此船的人手。 hi-tech ZXn. =high technology 高科技；高技術(shù)support v. keep something or someone up; ho

4、ld the weight of something支持；支撐 That small chair isn't strong enough to support that heavy man. 那把小椅子經(jīng)不住那個大胖子。 v. give food, clothes, and a home to someone 供養(yǎng)；養(yǎng)活 He has a wife and fifteen children to support. 他要養(yǎng)活妻子和十五個孩子。 n.u supporting someone or something; thing that gives support支持 We cheere

5、d to show support for our team. 我們歡呼以表示對我們隊的支持。 n.u 供養(yǎng) means of maintenance He's the only support that his poor old mother has. 他那可憐的老母親只靠他一個人瞻養(yǎng)。 daily adj. happening every day 每日的；日常的 There is a daily train service. 每日均通車。 adv. every day 每日；每天 I clean my teeth twice daily. 我每天刷兩次牙。 n. newspaper

6、 published every day or every week day每日或每周日出版的報紙，日報 Have you read today's China Daily? 你讀過今天的中國日報嗎？ achieve vt. do or finish something well after trying hard 實現(xiàn)；獲得 In order to achieve the four modernizations we must carry on our technical revolution. 為了實現(xiàn)四個現(xiàn)代化，我們必須進行技術(shù)革命。 likely adj. probably,

7、expected to happen 很可能的；有希望發(fā)生的 It's likely that I shall go to Shanghai tomorrow. 很可能明天我要去上海。 economic adj. connected with the producing and distributing of wealth經(jīng)濟的 Beijing is the political, economic and cultural centre of China. 北京是中國的政治、經(jīng)濟和文化中心。 zone n. an area of ground (especially in a town

8、) 地區(qū)（特別指在城鎮(zhèn)）；地帶 A war zone is a district where fighting is going on. 戰(zhàn)區(qū)就是進行戰(zhàn)爭的地方。 private adj. concerning one or a few people only - not people in general; not public私人的；個人的 Your letters are your private property. 你的信件是你的私有物。 institute n. group of people who often meet for a special reason, to talk

9、or do something together學(xué)會；學(xué)院；研究所 There is an exhibition held by the Institute of Modern Art. 現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)協(xié)會正舉辦一個展覽。 grasp vt. to take with or as with the hand(s); understand 抓住 Grasp my hand and I will pull you over the wall. 抓住我的手，我就把你拉過墻來。 vt. understand 掌握領(lǐng)會；理解 When you listen, you must try to grasp the

10、 main point. 你聽的時候一定要努力抓住要點。 master n. chief man head of the family主人 The Chinese people have become masters of their country. 中國人民已經(jīng)成為自己國家的主人。 vt. learn how to do something掌握；精通 We don't think it too difficult to master a foreign language. 我們認(rèn)為學(xué)好一種外語不太難。 perfect adj. completely correct and good

11、; with nothing wrong 完美的；極好的 She speaks perfect English. 她說得一口極好的英語。 arrange vt. make a plan 安排；籌劃 Can you arrange a visit to the exhibition? 你能安排一次參觀展覽會嗎？vt. put things in a nice, neat way 整理；布置 set foot (in) 到達；進入；踏上have an effect on 對產(chǎn)生作用；對有效果Lenovo liXnRuvRu n. 聯(lián)想公司Founder n. 方正公司rely vi. depend

12、 on; trust upon依賴；信賴；指望 We rely on our own hands. 我們靠自己的雙手。 rely on vt. failure n. the fact of failing. something which fails失敗 Failure is the mother of success. 失敗是成功之母。 come to life 蘇醒過來；(變得)活躍silicon: n. 硅valley n. low land, usually with a river, between hills or mountains山谷；峽谷；凹地 the valley of t

13、he Nile 尼羅河峽谷 base n. place to start from and go back to 基地；根據(jù)地 That pilot travels all over the world but London is his base. 那位飛行員飛遍全世界，但倫敦是他的基地。n. the lowest part of anything 基礎(chǔ)；底部 The column stands on a narrow base. 柱子豎立在狹窄的地基上。 agency n. 機構(gòu)；代理(處)organ n. a part of a plant or animal which serves

14、some special purpose 器官 The eyes, stomach, heart, and lungs are organs of the body. 眼睛、胃、心臟和肺都是身體的器官。 forward adv. to the front向前；朝前方 History is moving forward(s). 歷史在前進。 put forward propose (a demand, a fact, a plan, a suggestion, etc.) 提出；建議Who put forward this new theory? 這個新理論是誰提出的？ rejuvenate v

15、t. 使<人>返老還童；使恢復(fù)活力 He was rejuvenated by his trip. 旅行使他恢復(fù)了活力。 breakthrough n. 重大突破；突圍This is a major breakthrough in computer technology. 這是電腦技術(shù)上的一大突破。impressive adj. deeply impressing the mind and feelings給人深刻印象的 He has a very impressive manner. 他的態(tài)度予人以深刻的印象。 march vi. walk like a soldier 行軍；前

16、進 The soldiers marched over the bridge. 士兵在橋上行進。 n.c long walk長途跋涉；行軍 The Red Army covered 25,000 li on their Long March. 紅軍在長征中行軍二萬五千里。 aim v. point a gun, etc. at something or someone 瞄準(zhǔn) Peter aimed the gun at the bird, but did not fire. 彼得用槍瞄準(zhǔn)鳥，但沒有開槍。 aim (sth) at direct against 瞄/對準(zhǔn)；針對 In saying

17、 this I am not aiming at you. 我說這話可不是針對你的。 announce vt. to make known publicly 宣布/告；發(fā)表 The news was announced by Radio Beijing. 這消息由北京（英語）廣播電臺發(fā)表了。 genome n. 基因組；染色體組evolution n.u the way in which the development of living things from a few simple forms of life, or from a single form, has taken place

18、 進化；發(fā)展 The teacher is explaining the theory of evolution to the students.老師正在給學(xué)生們解釋進化論。 byte n. 字節(jié)；比特humanoid adj. 有人的特點的element n.c any of the more than 100 simplest materials that make up all substances（化學(xué)）元素 Gold, iron and tin are elements. 金，鐵和錫是化學(xué)元素。n.c a necessary part要素；成分 Cells are the eleme

19、nts of living bodies. 細(xì)胞是有機體的組成部分。 battle n. a big fight between armies 戰(zhàn)役；戰(zhàn)斗 No one was killed in that battle. 那次戰(zhàn)斗中無一人陣亡。 n. trying very hard to do something that is not easy斗爭；奮斗 The doctors had a battle to save Jon's life. 為搶救喬恩的生命，醫(yī)生們進行了艱苦的工作。 strategy n. 戰(zhàn)略；策略Unit 12 Fact and fantasyWords

20、and expressionsfiction n. 小說；虛構(gòu) Fact Truth is stranger than fiction. (諺) 事實奇于小說。 belief n. sure feeling that something is true 信念；信仰；相信 She has lost her belief in religion. 她已不信仰宗教了。 league n. a unit of distance equal to 3.0 statute miles (4.8 kilometers)里格 長度單位，相當(dāng)于3.0法定英里（4.8公里）n. group of persons

21、or nations together for common goal聯(lián)盟；社團 Are they League members? 他們是團員嗎？ balloon n. bag that becomes bigger when filled with air or with gas and can float in the sky 氣球 bulb n. 球狀物；球莖；燈泡make a living 謀生botany n.u 植物學(xué)apply v. use; put into practice應(yīng)用；運用 We should apply theory to practice. 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)把理論運用到

22、實踐中去。v. ask for 申請；請求 He applies to the consul for a visa. 他向領(lǐng)事申請簽證。 applied adj.應(yīng)用的；實用的 applied science 應(yīng)用科學(xué) foundation n. the act of starting the building of something 基礎(chǔ) Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy. 農(nóng)業(yè)是國民經(jīng)濟的基礎(chǔ)。 n. the action of founding, establishing； placing on a basis建

23、立 the foundation of a new school 創(chuàng)辦一所新學(xué)校 servant n. someone who works in another person's house, cooking, cleaning, etc. 仆人；公務(wù)員；雇員We should always be the servants of the people. 我們應(yīng)該永遠(yuǎn)做人民的勤務(wù)員。 whale n.c a large fish like animal which lives in the sea 鯨The whale is the largest animal in the world

24、. 鯨是世界上最大的動物。hunter n. someone who chases wild animals for food or sport獵人；搜索者 set out begin a journey; start 啟程；出發(fā)；開始 We set out for the Western Hills at 10:30. 我們十點半出發(fā)去西山。 collision n. 碰撞with, againstHis car had a collision with a truck. 他的車子與貨車相撞。 n. (利害、意見、目的等的)不一致；沖突 come into collision (with.)

25、 (與) 沖突/抵觸/對立 companion n. someone who is with another person同伴；同伙 She seemed to be the companion of the young man. 她似乎是那青年的伴侶。 overboard adv. over the side of a ship or boat into the water向船外；從船上落（或拋）到水時 Don't throw that box overboard. 別把那只箱子拋入水中。 submarine n. ship that can travel under the sea

26、 潛水艇 Some submarines carry many men and stay underwater for several weeks. 有些潛水艇能裝很多人，并在水下呆好幾個星期。 permanent adj. 永久的；固定的 permanent residence 永久住處 guest n. a visitor, someone whom you have invited客人；旅客 They are expecting a guest to dinner. 他們在等一位客人來吃飯。 voyage n. sea journey 航海；航行；航空 He made a voyage

27、to Japan. 他航行至日本。 iron n.u strong hard metal 鐵 Strike while the iron is hot. （諺）趁熱打鐵。 aboard prep. On, in, or into a ship(aeroplane,train, etc.)在船（飛機、火車）上；上船（飛機、火車） They went aboard the ship. 他們上了船。 adv. It's time to go aboard. 上船（飛機等）的時間到了。 lamp n.c thing that gives light燈 He worked for a whole

28、 night with the lamp lighted. 他點著燈，整整工作了一夜。 dislike vt. not to like, to hate 不喜歡；討厭 I dislike being alone. 我不喜歡獨居。 n.c a feeling of not liking 不喜歡；討厭 I took a dislike to him. 我討厭他。 prisoner n. a man who is locked in a prison 囚犯；俘虜 gentle adj. kind and friendly 溫和的；溫柔的 Mothers are gentle with their b

29、abies. 母親對嬰兒總是溫柔體貼的。 adj. that moves softly; that feels soft輕柔的；柔和的 The gentle breezes rustled through the leaves. 微風(fēng)穿過樹葉吹了過來。 Iceland n. 冰島layer n. a thickness of some material which is laid on or spread over a surface層；地層 I have three layers of blankets on my bed in winter. 我冬天在床上鋪三層毯子 marble n.u

30、hard stone for statues and special buildings大理石(制品) The temple had a marble floor. 教堂有大理石地板。 shore n. ground next to the sea or a big lake 岸；濱 The ship stopped a little way off the shore. 船停在離岸不遠(yuǎn)的地方。 luggage (總稱)行李 =(美)baggage three pieces of luggage 三件行李 in public where other people are, openly 當(dāng)眾；

31、公開地 She is too shy to sing in public. 她很靦腆，不敢在眾人面前唱歌。 throw light upon/on 闡明，使明白/清楚The fact throws light on the problem. 事實說明了這個問題。 brilliant adj. very clever 非常聰明的；才華橫溢的 She is a brilliant student. 她是一個有才華的學(xué)生。 adj. very bright 光輝的；輝煌的；耀眼的 She is wearing a brilliant jewels. 她戴著耀眼的珠寶。 n. 大理石，云石，大理石制品

32、 agate chalcedony quartz adj. 大理石般的 glossy hard lustrous polished smooth adj. 鐵石心腸的 cold cold-hearted cruel flinty hard-hearted marble-hearted merciless relentless steely uncompassionate unfeeling unkind v. 把（書邊、紙頁）弄上大理石花紋 dapple fleck mottle pea striate variegate vein white adj. 無色的 colorless pheno

33、menon n.c 現(xiàn)象；奇跡 (pl. phenomena ) A rainbow is a natural phenomenon. 彩虹是自然現(xiàn)象。 labour n.u hard work that you do with your hands 勞動；努力 It is necessary for us to take part in physical labour. 我們參加體力勞動是十分必要的。 hesitate v. to stop and consider before an action猶豫；躊躇 If you hesitate too much, you'll lose

34、 the game. 如果你太猶豫，你就會輸?shù)暨@一局（游戲、球類等）。 creation n.u making something 創(chuàng)造；建立 The creation of new playground will benefit the local children. 新游樂場的建立將給當(dāng)?shù)氐暮⒆訋硪嫣帯?horror n.u great fear or dislike恐懼；恐怖 She ran away in horror from the snake. 她很恐怖地跑了，躲開那條蛇。 horrible adj. making one very afraid, very sad, of s

35、hocked 可怕的；恐怖的 Murder is a horrible crime. 謀殺是一種恐怖的罪行。 grave n. the place where a dead person is put in the ground 墓穴；墳?zāi)?Is there life beyond the grave? 人還有來生嗎？ cut up cut small; cut into pieces 切碎；切成小塊 The cook is cutting up the meat. 廚子正在切肉。 butcher n. a man who sells meat賣肉者；屠夫 He is a butcher by

36、 trade. 他的職業(yè)是屠夫。 curtain n. piece of cloth that hangs in front of a window or a door 窗簾；門簾 Will you draw the curtain? 請你拉上窗簾好嗎？ n. a large piece of heavy cloth which separates the stage of a theatre from the audience（舞臺上）幕 The curtain dropped on the last scene. 幕在最后一場拉了下來。 lip n. one of the two soft

37、 front edges of the mouth 嘴唇；唇狀物 She had a cigarette between her lips. 她嘴里叼著一支香煙。 brainstorm n. a sudden clever plan or idea 突然的靈感；突然想到的妙計/好辦法 =brainwave(英)vt. engage in or organize shared problem solving 獻計獻策 n. 仆役 hireling n. 主人 master think of or produce (a solution to a problem, for example) by

38、this method. 想出辦法Unit 13 The water planetWords and expressionscube n.c solid shape with six square sides 塊；立方形 He bought a jin of cube sugar yesterday. 他昨天買了一斤方糖。 sailor n. someone who helps to control a boat or ship船員；水手；水兵 The sailors landed on Dalian. 海員在大連上岸。 mariner n.c <書>船員；水手 (=sailor)

39、benefit vt. help someone or something; make someone better, happier, etc.獲益；對有利；使受益 The fresh air will benefit you. 新鮮空氣對你有益。 benefit from be helped by something 受益于 You will benefit from experience. 你一定會從經(jīng)驗中獲得益處。 n.u anything which is for the good of a person or thing; an advantage; profit 利益；裨益 He

40、 gave us the benefit of his advice. 他的勸告對我們很有好處。 transport v. carry people or goods from one place to another運送；運輸 They transported the bricks in a lorry. 他們用卡車運磚。 n.u carrying people or things from one place to another 運送；運輸 We hired a van for transport. 我們雇了一輛貨車運東西。 property n. the special and pec

41、uliar character of a thing 特性；性質(zhì) One property of steel is its hardness. 堅固是鋼的特性之一。 n. a thing owned, possessions所有物；財產(chǎn) Those books are my property. 那些書是我的東西。 range vi. vary within specified limits(在一定范圍內(nèi))變動；變化ages that ranged from two to five 兩歲至五歲年齡段n. 范圍 beyond the range of human understanding 超越人

42、類理解的范圍 plankton n. 浮游生物all the way 一直；一路上molecule n. the smallest possible portion of a substance that can exist in the free state分子 A molecule is a thousand times bigger than an atom of hydrogen. 一個分子比一個氫原子大一千倍。 unique adj. 唯一的 This is a unique example of this word before 1800. 這是此一單字在 1800 年前被用過的唯

43、一例子。 adj. 獨特的；特有的 Every individual is unique. 每一個人都有他的特色。 hydrogen n. a gas without color, taste, or smell, that combines with oxygen to form water, symbol H 氫 Water, you know, is made up of hydrogen and oxygen. 你知道，水是由氫和氧構(gòu)成的。 atom n. the smallest piece of a simple substance 原子 According to the theo

44、ry of atoms all elements consist of atoms. 根據(jù)原子理論，所有的元素都是由原子所組成的。 oxygen n.u gas in the air that we must breathe to go on living氧；氧氣 Oxygen is necessary for all forms of life. 氧氣是一切生命所不可缺少的。 relative adj. considered with other things; comparative相對的；比較而言的 All things are relative. 一切事物都是相對的。 solid n.

45、c a solid thing 固體 Most solids are heavier than liquids. 大多數(shù)的固體比液體重。 adj. hard; not liquid or gas 固體的；堅硬的 Ice is solid water. 冰是固態(tài)的水。 freezing adj. 冰凍的；極冷的 freezing weather 嚴(yán)寒的天氣 n 冰點 below freezing 在冰點以下 salinity n. 含鹽量；鹽度dissolve vt. reduce to liquid form by putting into a liquid; cause to melt溶解；

46、使溶化Sugar dissolves in water. 糖在水里會溶解。 pure adj. totally clean; not mixed with any other thing純凈的 This water is pure-you can drink it. 這水是潔凈的你可以喝。 gramme n. 克(重量單位=gram) density n. 密度；濃度 population density 人口密度 relationship n. 關(guān)系；聯(lián)系；親屬關(guān)系 The United States has good relationships with most countries in

47、 the world. 美國與世界上大多數(shù)國家關(guān)系良好。 mass n. (物體的) 質(zhì)量the law of conservation of mass 質(zhì)量守恒定律 n.c crowd; many things or people together塊；團；堆 There were masses of dark clouds in the sky. 天空布滿團團烏云。 n.c a large quantity or number together大量 There was/were a mass of children in the yard. 在庭院里有很多孩子。 I've masse

48、s of work to do. 我有大量工作要去做。volume n.u amount of space that something fills; amount of space in something容積；容量；體積 Matter has volume. 物質(zhì)有體積。 cubic adj. 立方的；立方形的 cubic content 容積；體積 kilogram n. (略作 kg.) a measure of weight（重量單位）公斤；千克 There are 1000 grams in a kilogram. 一公斤等于一千克。 float vt & i. to st

49、ay on the surface of a liquid (使)漂浮 They floated timber down the stream. 他們把木材順?biāo)氯ァ?Cork floats on water. 軟木漂浮在水上。 n. anything that floats on a liquid漂流物；浮物 float bridge 浮橋 take advantage of use someone or something to help oneself 利用 Peter took advantage of his visit to Paris to improve his French

50、. 彼得利用訪問巴黎之機提高法語。 decrease vi. become smaller, fewer, etc. 減少；減小 They tried to decrease the costs. 他們設(shè)法降低成本。 capacity n.u number of things or people that can fit into a place容量；容納 The seating capacity of this hall is 300. 這個大廳能坐三百人。 n.u being able to understand or do something能力；才能 Gavin has the cap

51、acity to add numbers quickly in his head. 蓋文能很快地做心算加法。 substance n. sort of thing; material物質(zhì)；東西 Stone is a hard substance. 石頭是硬的東西。 n. the chief ideas of a speech or book主旨；大意 The substance of what he said is that we have too little money. 他講話的大意是我們的錢太少了。 centigrade adj. 攝氏的 Water boils at 100°

52、;Centigrade. 水在100攝氏度時煮沸。 absorb vt. to take or suck in, eg water, heat, light, etc. 吸收（水、熱、光等） The heat is absorbed by the water. 熱量被水吸收了。 vt. take (learning; knowledge) into the mind 吸收（學(xué)問、知識） He absorbed the point of view of his teacher. 他接受了老師的觀點。 vt. to take up all the attention of吸引注意力 His tas

53、k absorbs him. 他的工作占了他全副精神。 give off emit, send out 發(fā)出；放出 The gas gave off an unpleasant smell. 這種氣體散發(fā)出一種不好聞的味道。 thus adv. for that/ this reason 因此；所以 Thus we see that plants need light. 因此，我們知道了植物需要陽光。 stable adj. firm; not likely to move 穩(wěn)定的；安定的 He needs a stable job. 他需要固定的工作。 sensitive adj. feel

54、ing things quickly and deeply; that one can be easily hurt敏感的；容易生氣的 Don't shout at her-she's very sensitive. 別對著她大聲喊，她很敏感。 steady adj. not moving; firm 穩(wěn)固的；平穩(wěn)的 Hold the ladder steady while I stand on it. 我站在梯子上時，請你把它扶住。 motion n.u moving移動；運動 Their study group is in motion. 他們的學(xué)習(xí)小組正在活動。 dense adj. with many things or people close together 密集的；稠密的 There was a dense crowd at the match. 比賽場上有密集的人群。 trust n.u faith; believing that someone or something is good, strong, right, honest, etc. 信