新核心大學(xué)英語B版讀寫教程2冊(cè) Unit 3

1、Unit 3 Gender Differences Task 1 Brainstorming Task 2 Watching and Retelling1. What are the differences between men and women? Consider their respective strengths and weaknesses.2. Generally speaking, who live longer, men or women? What are the reasons?Task 1 BrainstormingUnit 3 Part I Task 1Task 2

2、Watching and Retelling1. Watch the video clip “Men vs. Women: Feel the Pain”. Fill in the blanks with the information you have heard. Use the glossary below as a reference.Unit 3 Part I Task 3Unit 3 Part I Task 3 There has been a lot of research done both in chronic pain populations, that is people

3、who are experiencing chronic pain, as well as in the general community where questions are asked of people about how much pain they experience. And the findings are quite 1) that women experience, or 2) report, more pain than men. And so we know that 3) women bear a greater burden of pain than do me

4、n. And so in our laboratory, and in lots of others across the country, we bring people in and we 4) in a controlled way. So we might 5) and ask people, for example to tell us when it first becomes painful, that would be the pain threshold. Or we ask people to tell us when theyconsistent_at very leas

5、t_ apply certain amount of heat or certain amount of pressure _from a clinical perspective_induce pain_Unit 3 Part I Task 3can no longer tolerate the pain, that would be pain tolerance. And in those studies its quite consistent that 6) There are 7) that may influence pain differently in women versus

6、 men. Thats one of the things we are continuing to research in our laboratory. But how can genetic factors be related to anything? Well, a gene is basically a blueprint or an instruction set for a particular protein or a particular chemical in the body or something like that. 8) that may mean you ma

7、ke a different kind of chemical than I do and your chemical works differently. women have a lower pain threshold and a lower pain tolerance than men. _genetic factors_ If your gene type for that particular chemical is differentfrom my gene type _Unit 3 Part I Task 3That may affect any number of thin

8、gs from, depending on what chemical were talking about, from how you feel pain to whether youre at risk for diabetes to 9) So that these genes are really instructions for different 10) in the body. how much emotional distress you experience. _biological systems_【Script】2. Watch the video again and t

9、hen discuss the main idea with the group.ScriptUnit 3 Part I Task 3 There has been a lot of research done both in chronic pain populations, that is people who are experiencing chronic pain, as well as in the general community where questions are asked of people about how much pain they experience. A

10、nd the findings are quite consistent that women experience, or at very least report, more pain than men. And so we know that from a clinical perspective women bear a greater burden of pain than do men. And so in our laboratory, and in lots of others across the country, we bring people in and we indu

11、ce pain in a controlled way. So we might apply certain amount of heat or certain amount of pressure and ask Task 3 Vocabulary PreviewUnit 3 Part I Task 4Read the words and phrases below, paying attention to the pronunciation. Use the scale below to give yourself a score for each word. After finishin

12、g the study of the unit, score yourself again to check your improvement.Glossary for Main ReadingUnit 3 Part I Task 4Unit 3 Part I Task 4Unit 3 Part I Task 4Glossary for Related ReadingUnit 3 Part I Task 4Unit 3 Part I Task 4Unit 3 Part I Task 4 Main Reading Related Reading Main Reading Text Analysi

13、s Language Points Translation of the Texts Tasks Text AnalysisUnit 3 Part II Main ReadingUnit 3 Part II Main ReadingUnit 3 Part II Main ReadingUnit 3 Part II Main ReadingLanguage Points 1. in light of (L6) 考慮到考慮到Unit 3 Part II Main ReadinglIn light of this tragic event, we have cancelled the 4th of

14、July celebrations.lA supplementary budget was announced in February 1991 in light of the negative effects of the Gulf crisis on the economy.e.g.2. Our failure to recognize and appreciate these differences can become a lifelong source of disappointment, frustration, tension and eventually our downfal

15、l in a relationship. (L7)Paraphrase: If we cannot realize these differences or accept that the differences exist, such an ignorance may be a lifelong cause of disappointment, frustration, tension and finally our failure in a relationship.【譯文譯文】沒有意識(shí)到差異、不承認(rèn)這些差異的客觀存在沒有意識(shí)到差異、不承認(rèn)這些差異的客觀存在可能會(huì)成為我們這一生與異性相處中

16、失望、沮可能會(huì)成為我們這一生與異性相處中失望、沮喪、緊張甚至最終關(guān)系告吹的根源。喪、緊張甚至最終關(guān)系告吹的根源。Unit 3 Part II Main ReadinglOne must recognize that homesickness is natural.lIt is important to recognize how little we know about this disease.e.g.1) recognize v. to accept or admit that something is true 承認(rèn)承認(rèn)Unit 3 Part II Main ReadinglHe did

17、 not fully appreciate the significance of signing the contract.e.g.2) appreciate v. to understand how serious or important a situation or problem is; be fully aware of; realize 意識(shí)意識(shí) 到，察覺到，察覺 appreciate the significance/importance/value of somethinglthe scandal that led to the presidents downfalllLat

18、er, they seized the town and contributed to the downfall of the Empire.e.g.3) downfall n. complete loss of your money, reputation, social position, happiness, etc. 毀滅，衰落，消失毀滅，衰落，消失Unit 3 Part II Main Reading3. not necessarily (L10) possibly, but not certainly 未必未必Unit 3 Part II Main ReadinglThat is

19、not necessarily true.lExpensive restaurants arent necessarily the best.lHaving this disease does not necessarily mean that you will die young.l“So the school will have to close down, then.”l“Not necessarily.”e.g.4. The challenge facing men and women is to become aware of their identities, to accept

20、their differences, and to live their lives fully and as skillfully as possible. (L12)Unit 3 Part II Main ReadinglOur strong sense of national identity has been shaped by our history.e.g.identity n. the qualities and attitudes that a person or group of people have, that make them different from other

21、 people 個(gè)性；個(gè)性；特性特性national/cultural/social identity (=a strong feeling of belonging to a particular group, race etc.)lMy father experienced an identity crisis in middle age.e.g.identity crisis/crisis of identity (=a feeling of uncertainty about who you really are and what your purpose is)5. Women ar

22、e usually more concerned about how problems are solved than merely solving the problem itself. (L23)Paraphrase:For women, how problems are solved is more important than solving the problem itself./ Women care more about how problems are solved, rather than merely solving the problem itself.【譯文譯文】女性通

23、常更關(guān)心問題是如何解決的，而不僅僅女性通常更關(guān)心問題是如何解決的，而不僅僅是解決問題本身。是解決問題本身。Unit 3 Part II Main ReadinglDivorce is very painful, especially when children are concerned.lSome of the farmers concerned suffer particularly from the low prices.lWe are trying to reach an agreement with all concerned (=everyone who is involved o

24、r affected) .e.g.concerned a. not before noun involved in something or affected by it 有關(guān)的有關(guān)的Unit 3 Part II Main ReadinglThese days, people are concerned about good nutrition.lZoo officials are concerned about the mother elephant.e.g. worried about something 擔(dān)心的；憂慮的擔(dān)心的；憂慮的 concerned aboutlRescuers ar

25、e concerned for the safety of two men trapped in the cave.e.g.concerned forUnit 3 Part II Main ReadinglPamela was concerned that her schoolwork had deteriorated despite her hard work.e.g.concerned (that)6. For most men, solving a problem presents an opportunity to demonstrate their competence, their

26、 strength of resolve, and their commitment to a relationship. (L28)Unit 3 Part II Main ReadingParaphrase: For most men, solving a problem offers an opportunity to show how capable they are,how strong their determination to succeed is, and how loyal they are to a relationship.【譯文譯文】對(duì)大部分男性來說，解決問題提供了一個(gè)

27、展示對(duì)大部分男性來說，解決問題提供了一個(gè)展示個(gè)人才能、行動(dòng)的決心，以及對(duì)他人是否忠誠個(gè)人才能、行動(dòng)的決心，以及對(duì)他人是否忠誠的機(jī)會(huì)。的機(jī)會(huì)。Unit 3 Part II Main ReadinglHe restated his firm resolve to become president, and achieve clean and honest government.lThe latest unemployment figures should strengthen the governments resolve to do something about it.e.g.resolve

28、n. strong determination to succeed in doing something 決心決心7. They set aside their feelings provided (L33)Unit 3 Part II Main ReadingParaphrase:They decide not to consider their feelings on the condition that 【譯文譯文】如果如果，他們便拋開個(gè)人感受。，他們便拋開個(gè)人感受。set something aside to keep something, especially money, tim

29、e, or a particular area, for a special purpose 留出；撥出留出；撥出 set something aside forlWe all set Fridays aside for preparation, which means that we can collaborate closely on course work.e.g.Unit 3 Part II Main Reading to decide not to consider a particular feeling or thing because something else is mor

30、e important; put something to one side or away from you 撇開，不顧；放到一邊撇開，不顧；放到一邊lI set those thoughts aside to pursue the direction my instincts led me to take.lHe took a sip of tea and set the cup aside.lThen sift them into the bowl; set sifter aside.e.g.2) provided (that) conj. used to say that someth

31、ing will only be possible if something else happens or is done; on the condition; if 倘若，如果；在倘若，如果；在的條件下的條件下lTheres no annual fee provided that you use the credit card at least six times a year.lHe can come with us, provided he pays for his own meals.e.g.8. A group of boys generally establish a hiera

32、rchy or chain of command with a leader who (L38)chain of command a system in an organization by which decisions are made and passed from people at the top of the organization to people lower down 指揮系統(tǒng)；行政（軍指揮系統(tǒng)；行政（軍事）管理系統(tǒng)，一種由高層向下傳遞決策的系統(tǒng)事）管理系統(tǒng)，一種由高層向下傳遞決策的系統(tǒng)lThis can be done through anonymous individu

33、al written evaluations, submitted to the supervisor and then on up the chain of command.lInformed by the two farmers, local authorities passed the information up the chain of command.e.g.Unit 3 Part II Main Reading9. proximity (L40) n. U (formal) nearness in distance or time 接近；鄰近接近；鄰近in close proxi

34、mity (to) very near (to each other)lThe fattest rabbits in winter are often found in close proximity to brambles.lTo guarantee plenty of fruit production, both male and female plants need to be put in the ground in close proximity.e.g.Unit 3 Part II Main Reading10. They come to understand and consid

35、er problems all at once. (L51)Paraphrase: They begin to understand and consider all the problems together at the same time.【譯文譯文】她們從一開始就同時(shí)理解和考慮全部問題。她們從一開始就同時(shí)理解和考慮全部問題。Unit 3 Part II Main ReadingUnit 3 Part II Main Reading1) come to do something to begin to have a feeling or opinion 開始開始lHe came to t

36、hink of Italy as his home.lI came to believe that he was innocent after all.e.g. to do something by chance, without planning or intending to do it 偶然偶然lCan you tell me how the body came to be discovered?e.g.2) all at once if something happens all at once, it happens suddenly when you are not expecti

37、ng it 突然突然lAll at once there was a loud banging on the door.lEmployees at the plant are experiencing a change. lChanges came too fast and hit them all at once.e.g.Unit 3 Part II Main Reading together, at the same time 一下子全部一下子全部lA lot of practical details needed to be attended to all at once.lI have

38、 never seen so many injunctions all at once.e.g.11. prone to likely to do something or suffer from something, especially something bad or harmful 易于；傾向于易于；傾向于lTight muscles are prone to injury.lTeachers are not prone to remind successful students that their work is due.lAnd journalism, which is more

39、 prone to collective examination of conscience than most professions, is already focusing on these problems.e.g.Unit 3 Part II Main Reading12. recall (L66) v. to remember a particular fact, event, or situation from the past 回憶回憶Unit 3 Part II Main Readingrecall (that)lI seem to recall Ive met him be

40、fore somewhere.e.g.recall doing somethinglI dont recall seeing any cars parked outside.lI recall passing several boring hours in the California desert under dense, unbroken clouds before giving up.e.g.recall what/how/where, etc.lI cant recall who gave me the information.lJane forced herself to recal

41、l what had happened the night before.e.g.13. have in common (L67) share the same features 有有 共同點(diǎn)共同點(diǎn)have a lot/much/nothing, etc. in commonlAll these companies have one thing in common: they deal in small, inexpensive consumer items.lApart from the fact that we went to the same school, my brother and

42、 I have absolutely nothing in common.lWe like the same things and the same people. I think we have a lot in common.e.g.Unit 3 Part II Main ReadingUnit 3 Part II Main Reading14. if not (L89) adv. perhaps; indicating possibility of being more remarkable (greater or better or sooner) than 或許；甚至或許；甚至lHe

43、 was smart if not exactly brilliant.l unattractive if not downright uglyl reasonably priced if not exactly cheapl interested if not actually excited l Such mental attitudes are difficult, if not impossible, to change.e.g. Note：“if not” links a weaker with a stronger word with a related meaning. This

44、 sort of “if not” is often misused to link words that dont form a weaker/stronger pair: “obscure if not boring,” “happy if not entertained,” “anxious if not afraid.” The linked terms in these examples do have some logical relationship, but they do not form a weaker/stronger pair.Translation of the T

45、extsFor Main Reading Unit 3 Part II Main Reading 讀懂男女差異 盡管沒有人會(huì)爭議男性和女性在身體上的明顯差異，男女之間的心理差異卻相對(duì)比較隱蔽。對(duì)此人們會(huì)比較難以描述。但是， 這些差異對(duì)于我們?nèi)绾涡纬刹⒕S持人際關(guān)系會(huì)產(chǎn)生深刻的影響，這些關(guān)系可以是工作關(guān)系、朋友關(guān)系，以及婚姻關(guān)系、親子關(guān)系等。 認(rèn)識(shí)、理解、探討男女差異并據(jù)此巧妙地處理兩者之間的關(guān)系并不容易。沒有意識(shí)到差異、不承認(rèn)這些差異客觀存在可能會(huì)成為我們這一生與異性相處中失望、沮喪、緊張甚至最終關(guān)系告吹的根源。Task 1 Guessing Meaning from ContextGuess

46、the meaning of the following words and phrases from context. The letter in parentheses refers to the paragraph in which the word can be found. Choose which meaning best fits the word.TaskUnit 3 Part II Main Readinga b _Unit 3 Part II Main Readingc _d _e_Unit 3 Part II Main Readinga _d_b_c _e_Unit 3

47、Part II Main Readinga _c _e_d_b_Unit 3 Part II Main Readingb_d_a_c_Task 2 Understanding Main Ideas and Important Details in the TextTask Answer the following questions. 1) According to the author, what is the source of problems between men and women? 2) What can men and women do to make their relati

48、onships better?Problems simply arise when we expect or assume the opposite sex should think, feel or act the way we do._Men and women shall first understand the ways they are different, then accept their differences, and live their lives fully and as skillfully as possible. They must avoid trying to

49、 change others to suit their needs._Unit 3 Part II Main Reading3) How do men and women solve problems differently?Women are usually more concerned about how problems are solved than merely solving the problem itself. The process of solving a problem can strengthen or weaken a relationship. For men,

50、how the problem is solved is not nearly as important as solving it effectively and in the best possible manner. They are often distracted and do not attend well to the quality of the relationship while solving problems._Unit 3 Part II Main Reading4) How do men and women consider and process informat

51、ion differently?5) What are the differences between men and women with regard to memory?While women take a broad or “collective” perspective, and view elements in a task as interconnected and interdependent, men tend to focus on one problem at a time or a limited number of problems at a time, and vi

52、ew elements in a task as less interconnected and more independent._Unit 3 Part II Main ReadingWhile women have an enhanced ability to recall memories that have strong emotional components, men tend to recall events using strategies that rely on reconstructing the experience in terms of elements, tas

53、ks or activities that took place._6) What are the gender differences in terms of the capacity to form, appreciate, and maintain relationships?Men feel closer and validated through shared activities. Women, on the other hand, feel closer and validated through communication, dialogue and intimate shar

54、ing of experience, emotional content and personal perspectives._Unit 3 Part II Main Reading Related Reading Language Points Tasks Translation of the Texts Language Points Unit 3 Part II Related Reading1. immense (L1) a. =enormous extremely large 極大的；巨極大的；巨 大的大的lMigrating birds cover immense distance

55、s every winter.lRegular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone.e.g.2. By age 30, there are only enough men left to match the number of women. (L8)Paraphrase: By age 30, the population of men is barely equal to that of women.【譯文譯文】到到30歲的時(shí)候，剩下的男性的數(shù)量僅與女性相當(dāng)。歲的時(shí)候，剩

56、下的男性的數(shù)量僅與女性相當(dāng)。Unit 3 Part II Related Reading match vt. to be equal to something in value, size, or quality 相等；相當(dāng)相等；相當(dāng)lHis strength is matched by his intelligence.lFew cities in Europe can match the cultural richness of Berlin.lFancy designer labels tend to come with fancy price tags to match.e.g. ev

57、enly/equally matchedlThe two candidates are fairly evenly matched.e.g.Unit 3 Part II Related Reading3. Then women start building a lead. (L8)Paraphrase: The population of women beyond age 30 start to exceed that of men.【譯文譯文】接下來女性就開始領(lǐng)先了。接下來女性就開始領(lǐng)先了。lead n. the amount or distance by which one competi

58、tor is ahead of another 領(lǐng)先距離；領(lǐng)先程度領(lǐng)先距離；領(lǐng)先程度lThe Chicago Bulls had a narrow lead (=were winning by a small number of points).e.g.lead overlThe Socialists now have a commanding lead over their opponents.e.g.Unit 3 Part II Related Reading4. rattle something off (L13) to say several pieces of information

59、 or a list quickly and easily from memory 不假不假 思索地說出（一連串信息）思索地說出（一連串信息）lAn officer rattled off some statistics about the aid program.e.g.5. Part of the reasons are self-inflicted. (L20)Paraphrase:Part of the reasons are caused by men themselves.【譯文譯文】部分原因是男性自己造成的。部分原因是男性自己造成的。Unit 3 Part II Related

60、Readingself-inflicted adj. self-inflicted pain, problems, illnesses, etc. are those you have caused yourself 自己造成的自己造成的lRedman died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the chest.lStress and anxiety are often self-inflicted.e.g.6. fatality n. (L30) C a death in an accident or a violent attack 死亡；死亡死