常用物理英語單詞

1、常用物理英語單詞英文力學(xué)詞匯-（a-b） absolute acceleration 絕對加速度absolute motion 絕對運(yùn)動absolute velocity 絕對速度accelerated motion 加速運(yùn)動acceleration of gravity 重力加速度acceleration 加速度accelerometer 加速度計acting force 作用力active force 主動力angle of friction 摩擦角angle of nutation 章動角angle of precession 進(jìn)動角angle of rotation 自轉(zhuǎn)角angula

2、r acceleration 角加速度angular displacement 角位移angular motion 角向運(yùn)動angular velocity vector 角速度矢量angular velocity 角速度areal velocity 掠面速度又稱“扇形速度（sector velocity）”arm of couple 力偶臂attraction force 吸引力Atwood machine 阿特伍德機(jī)average velocity， mean velocity 平均速度axial acceleration 軸向加速度axial vector 軸矢量ballistic cu

3、rve 彈道ballistic pendulum 彈道擺ballistics 彈道學(xué)base point 基點(diǎn)bearing 軸承binormal acceleration 副法向加速度bounce 反彈 英文力學(xué)詞匯-（c） center of force 力心center of gravity 重心center of mass 質(zhì)心center of moment 矩心center of parallel force system 平行力系中心center of percussion 撞擊中心center of reduction 簡化中心又稱“約化中心”。center-of-mass s

4、ystem 質(zhì)心參考系central field 有心力場central force 有心力central impact 對心碰撞central principal axis of inertia 中心慣性主軸centrifugal force 離心力centripetal acceleration 向心加速度centripetal force 向心力centrode 瞬心跡Chasles theorem 沙勒定理circular motion 圓周運(yùn)動coefficient of maximum static friction 最大靜摩擦系數(shù)coefficient of restitutio

5、n 恢復(fù)系數(shù)coefficient of rolling friction 滾動摩擦系數(shù)coefficient of sliding friction 滑動摩擦系數(shù)collision 碰撞component force 分力component velocity 分速度composite motion 復(fù)合運(yùn)動composition of forces 力的合成composition of velocities 速度的合成compound pendulum 復(fù)擺concentrated force 集中力concurrent force 匯交力conservative force 保守力cons

6、ervative system 保守系constant force 恒力constant of motion 運(yùn)動常量constraint force 約束力constraint 約束convected acceleration 牽連加速度convected motion 牽連運(yùn)動convected velocity 牽連速度coplanar force 共面力Coriolis acceleration 科里奧利加速度簡稱“科氏加速度”。Coriolis force 科里奧利力簡稱“科氏力”。Coulomb law of friction 庫侖摩擦定律couple 力偶curvilinear

7、motion 曲線運(yùn)動英文力學(xué)詞匯-（d-e） dAlembert inertial force 達(dá)朗貝爾慣性力dAlembert principle 達(dá)朗貝爾原理density 密度displacement 位移dissipative force 耗散力distributed force 分布力effective potential 有效勢elastic force 彈性力elementary work 元功ellipsoid of inertia 慣量橢球equilibrium condition 平衡條件equilibrium of forces 力的平衡equilibrium posi

8、tion 平衡位置equilibrium state 平衡態(tài)equilibrium 平衡equipotential line 等勢線equipotential surface 等勢面equivalent force system 等效力系Euler kinematical equations 歐拉運(yùn)動學(xué)方程Eulerian angle 歐拉角external ballistics 外彈道學(xué)external force 外力英文力學(xué)詞匯-（f-g） final velocity 末速度finite rotation 有限轉(zhuǎn)動 first cosmic velocity 第一宇宙速度fixed c

9、entrode 定瞬心跡又稱“空間瞬心跡（herpolhode）”fixed reference system 固定參考系fixed vector 固定矢量fixed-axis rotation 定軸轉(zhuǎn)動fixed-point motion 定點(diǎn)運(yùn)動force 力force field 力場force polygon 力多邊形force screw 力螺旋force triangle 力三角形forces acting at the same point 共點(diǎn)力Foucault pendulum 傅科擺free motion of rigid body 剛體自由運(yùn)動free vector 自由

10、矢量free-body diagram 受力圖描述分離體所受力的圖。friction force 摩擦力funicular polygon 索多邊形Galilean invariance 伽利略不變性Galilean principle of relativity 伽利略相對性原理Galilean transformation 伽利略變換geocentric coordinate system 地心坐標(biāo)系gravitation 引力gravitational constant 引力常量gravitational field 引力場gravity field 重力場gravity 重力guy c

11、able 拉索gyroscope 陀螺儀英文力學(xué)詞匯-（h-i） helical motion 螺旋運(yùn)動hinged end 鉸接端hodograph 矢端圖impact parameter 碰撞參量imperfect elastic collision 非完全彈性碰撞impulse of compression 壓縮沖量impulse of restitution 恢復(fù)沖量impulse 沖量inertia 慣性inertial reference frame / system 慣性參考系inertial centrifugal force 慣性離心力inertial force 慣性力in

12、finitesimal rotation 無限小轉(zhuǎn)動initial velocity 初速度instantaneous axis of rotation 轉(zhuǎn)動瞬軸instantaneous center of rotation 轉(zhuǎn)動瞬心instantaneous center of acceleration 加速度瞬心instantaneous screw axis 瞬時螺旋軸instantaneous translation 瞬時平移instantaneous velocity 瞬時速度internal force 內(nèi)力intrinsic equation 內(nèi)稟方程isochronism 等

13、時性isochronous pendulum 等時擺isolated system 孤立系 英文力學(xué)詞匯-（j-l） jerk 加加速度journal bearing 頸軸承Kepler law 開普勒定律kinematical equation 運(yùn)動學(xué)方程kinetic energy 動能kinetic friction 動摩擦kineto-statics 動態(tài)靜力學(xué)laboratory coordinate system 實(shí)驗室坐標(biāo)系law of conservation of energy 能量守恒定律law of conservation of mass 質(zhì)量守恒定律law of co

14、nservation of mass 質(zhì)量守恒定律law of conservation of mechanical energy 機(jī)械能守恒定律law of conservation of moment of momentum 動量矩守恒定律law of conservation of momentum 動量守恒定律law of universal gravitation 萬有引力定律limiting velocity 極限速度line of action 作用線 英文力學(xué)詞匯-（m-n） many-body problem 多體問題material point，mass point，par

15、ticle 質(zhì)點(diǎn)mechanical energy 機(jī)械能mechanical motion 力學(xué)運(yùn)動又稱“機(jī)械運(yùn)動”mechanical work 機(jī)械功Meshcherskii formula 密歇爾斯基公式moment arm of force 力臂moment of area 面矩moment of couple 力偶矩moment of force 力矩moment of inertia 轉(zhuǎn)動慣量moment of momentum 動量矩又稱“角動量（angular momentum）”moment vector of couple 力偶矩矢moment vector 矩矢量mom

16、entum 動量motion of rigid-body with a fixed point 剛體定點(diǎn)運(yùn)動moving centrode 動瞬心跡又稱“本體瞬心跡（polhode）”moving reference system 動參考系Newton first law 牛頓第一定律Newton second law 牛頓第二定律Newton third law 牛頓第三定律normal acceleration 法向加速度null-force system 零力系nutation 章動英文力學(xué)詞匯-（o-p） oblique impact 斜碰orbit 軌道overweight 超重pa

17、rallel axis theorem 平行軸定理parallel forces 平行力parallelogram rule 平行四邊形定則path 路程沿路徑的長度。path，itinerary 路徑pendulum 擺perfect elastic collision 完全彈性碰撞perfect inelastic collision 完全非彈性碰撞perturbation 攝動pitch 俯仰/音調(diào)pivot bearing 樞軸承planar hinge 平面鉸planar motion 平面運(yùn)動Poinsot motion 潘索運(yùn)動point of action 作用點(diǎn)polar v

18、ector 極矢量position vector 位置矢量簡稱“位矢”potential force 有勢力potential function 勢函數(shù)power 功率precession 進(jìn)動物理學(xué)稱“旋進(jìn)”。principal axis of inertia 慣量主軸principal moment of inertia 主轉(zhuǎn)動慣量principal moment 主矩principal vector 主矢量principle of removal of constraint 解除約束原理principle of rigidization 剛化原理product of inertia 慣性

19、積projectile motion 拋體運(yùn)動pseudoregular precession 贗規(guī)則進(jìn)動pulley 滑輪 英文力學(xué)詞匯-（r） radial acceleration 徑向加速度radial velocity 徑向速度radius of gyration 回轉(zhuǎn)半徑radius vector 徑矢又稱“矢徑”reacting force 反作用力reaction at support 支座反力recoil 反沖rectilinear motion 直線運(yùn)動reduced mass 簡化質(zhì)量又稱“約化質(zhì)量”，為減少自由度而用的折算質(zhì)量。reduction of force sy

20、stem 力系的簡化又稱“力系的約化”。reference system 參考系regular precession 規(guī)則進(jìn)動relative acceleration 相對加速度relative motion 相對運(yùn)動relative velocity 相對速度resolution of force 力的分解resolution of velocity 速度的分解resultant couple 合力偶resultant force 合力resultant velocity 合速度rigid body motion 剛體運(yùn)動rigid body 剛體rocket 火箭roll 側(cè)滾rolle

21、r 滾柱rolling friction 滾動摩擦rotation around a fixed point 定點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)動rotation 轉(zhuǎn)動英文力學(xué)詞匯-（s） second cosmic velocity 第二宇宙速度simple pendulum 單擺sliding friction 滑動摩擦sliding vector 滑移矢量specific gravity，specific weight 比重speed 速率spherical hinge 球鉸spherical pendulum 球面擺static friction 靜摩擦statically determinate 靜定stati

22、cally indeterminate 超靜定suspended cable 懸索system of couples 力偶系system of forces 力系system of particles 質(zhì)點(diǎn)系英文力學(xué)詞匯-（t） tangential acceleration 切向加速度tensile force 拉力tension 拉伸/張力terminal velocity 終極速度theorem of kinetic energy 動能定理theorem of moment of momentum 動量矩定理theorem of momentum 動量定理third cosmic vel

23、ocity 第三宇宙速度three-body problem 三體問題top 陀螺torque 轉(zhuǎn)矩trajectory 軌跡translation 平移transmissibility of force 力的可傳性transverse acceleration 橫向加速度transverse velocity 橫向速度two-body problem 二體問題英文力學(xué)詞匯-（u-w） uniform motion 勻速運(yùn)動variable-mass dynamics 變質(zhì)量動力學(xué)variable-mass system 變質(zhì)量系Varignon theorem 伐里農(nóng)定理velocity o

24、f escape 逃逸速度velocity 速度weightlessness 失重 work 功 物理常用英語詞匯（A） a.c. generator交流發(fā)電機(jī)aberration光行差，像差absolute index of refraction絕對折射率absolute refractive index絕對折射率absolute temperature scale絕對溫標(biāo)absolute zero絕對零度absorber吸收體absorbing power吸收能力，吸收本領(lǐng)absorptance吸收比absorption吸收absorption coefficient吸收系數(shù)absorpt

25、ion line吸收譜線 absorption spectrum吸收光譜，吸收譜accelerate加速acceleration加速度acceleration due to gravity重力加速度acceleration-time graph加速度時間關(guān)系線圖accelerator加速器acceptor接受體acceptor doping受體摻雜acceptor impurity受體雜質(zhì)accommodation調(diào)節(jié)，視覺調(diào)節(jié)accumulator蓄電池accuracy準(zhǔn)確度acetate strip醋酸酯條片achromatic消色差的achromatic aberration消色差ach

26、romatic condenser消色差聚光透鏡achromatic light消色差光，白光acoustic blur聲響模糊acoustic board吸音板，吸聲板acoustic navigation聲響導(dǎo)航acoustic pressure聲壓acoustics聲學(xué)act on施于action作用量，作用，作用力action of point尖端作用activation激活，活化activation energy激活能，活化能active nucleus活性核，放射性核activity放射強(qiáng)度，放射性adapter接合器adder加法器adhesion附著力，附著，黏附adhesiv

27、e force附著力adiabatic絕熱的adiabatic expansion絕熱膨脹adiabatic process絕熱過程aerial天線 aerial induction天線調(diào)諧電感aerial network天線網(wǎng)絡(luò)aerodynamic force氣動力，空氣動力aerodynamics氣體動力學(xué)，空氣動力學(xué)aerofoil機(jī)翼agent劑air blower吹風(fēng)器air column空氣柱，氣柱air cushion氣墊air damping空氣阻尼air film氣膜air track氣墊導(dǎo)航air wedge氣楔alignment對準(zhǔn)，校整alpha decay衰變alp

28、ha particle粒子alpha particle scattering analogue粒子放射模擬alternating current交流電alternating voltage交變電壓，交流電壓alternator交流發(fā)電機(jī)altimeter高度計，測高儀americiumammeter安培計amorphous非結(jié)晶的，無定形的ampere安培，安ampere-hour安培小時，安時amplification放大，放大率amplifier放大器amplify放大amplitude振幅amplitude modulation調(diào)幅，振幅調(diào)劑amyl acetate醋酸戊酯anaemia

29、貧血analogue模擬analogue experiment模擬實(shí)驗analogue signal仿真訊號，非數(shù)字訊號analogue-to-digital conversion模擬轉(zhuǎn)換analyser檢偏振器AND gate與門anemometer風(fēng)速計aneroid barometer無液氣壓計，空盒氣壓計angle of contact接觸角angle of deviation偏向角angle of diffraction衍射角，繞射角angle of dip傾角angle of elevation仰角angle of emergence出射角angle of incidence入射角

30、angle of inclination傾角angle of minimum deviation最小偏向角angle of projection投射角angle of reflection反射角angle of refraction折射角angle of twist扭轉(zhuǎn)角angstrom埃angular acceleration角加速度angular aperture孔徑張角angular displacement角位移angular frequency角頻率angular impulse角沖量angular magnification角度放大，角放大率angular momentum角動量，

31、動量矩angular motion角向運(yùn)動，角運(yùn)動angular seed角速率angular velocity角速度angular width角寬度annealing退火，韌化anode陽極，正極anomalous expansion反常膨脹antenna天線 anticlockwise moment逆時針力矩antifreeze防凍劑antinodal line腹線 antinode波腹antiparticle反粒子antiphase反相，逆相aperture孔徑，口徑，孔apparent depth視深apparent expansion表觀膨脹，視膨脹apparent frequenc

32、y表觀頻率，視頻率apparent loss in weight表觀失重apparent weight表觀重量Appleton layer阿普頓層，F(xiàn)電離層aqueous layer水層Archimedes principle阿基米得原理area面積argon氬armature電樞artificial disintegration人工蛻變artificial radioactivity人工放射astable非穩(wěn)態(tài)的astable circuit非穩(wěn)態(tài)電路astable multivibrator非態(tài)多諧振蕩器astigmatism像散，散光astronomical telescope天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡

33、at infinity在無窮遠(yuǎn)處at rest靜止atmosphere大氣，大氣層，大氣壓atmospheric pressure大氣壓強(qiáng)atom原子atomic bomb原子彈atomic bond原子鍵atomic density原子密度atomic diameter原子直徑atomic energy原子能atomic mass原子質(zhì)量atomic mass unit原子質(zhì)量單位atomic model原子模型atomic nucleus原子核atomic number原子序數(shù)atomic radius原子半徑atomic separation原子間距atomic spacing原子間距a

34、tomic structure原子結(jié)構(gòu)atomic theory原子論atomizer噴霧器attenuation衰減attraction吸引attractive force吸力audible frequency range聽頻范圍audible signal可聽訊號audio frequency聲頻autofocus自動聚焦，自動對焦avalanche電子雪崩average acceleration平均加速度average power平均功率average speed平均速率average velocity平均速度Avogadro constant阿佛加德羅常數(shù)，阿佛加德羅常量Avogadr

35、o number阿佛加德羅數(shù)Avogadros law阿佛加德羅定律axial軸向的，沿軸的axial field軸向場axial search coil軸向探察線圖axis軸axis of rotation轉(zhuǎn)軸 物理英語詞匯（B） back e.m.f.反電動勢background radiation本底輻射Bainbridge mass spectrometer班布里奇質(zhì)譜儀balance天平，秤，平衡balance arm秤桿，平衡臂balance point平衡點(diǎn)balance bridge平衡電橋balanced force平衡力ball bearing球軸承，滾珠軸承ballist

36、ic galvanometer沖擊電流計，沖擊檢流計ballistic pendulum沖擊擺Balmer series巴耳末系，巴耳末光譜band spectrum帶狀光譜，帶狀譜bandwidth帶寬bar code條形碼bar magnet磁棒bare wire裸線 barium鋇barometer氣壓計barrier障礙物barrier layer阻檔層，耗盡層barrier potential difference阻檔層電勢差，阻檔層電位差Bartons pendulums巴爾通擺base基極base current基極電流battery電池組battery charger電池充電器

37、battery holder電池座beaker燒杯beam splitter分束器，射束分離器beat拍beat frequency拍頻becquerel貝克勒耳，貝克bel貝爾，貝bell jar鐘形罩bench mat實(shí)驗臺墊Bernoullis theorem伯努利定律beryllium鈹beta decay衰變beta particle粒子biasing circuit偏壓電路biasing voltage偏壓biconcave lens雙凹透鏡biconvex lens雙凸透鏡bicycle dynamo自行車發(fā)電機(jī)，腳踏車發(fā)電機(jī)bifilar pendulum雙線擺bifocal

38、lens雙焦距透鏡big bang model大爆炸模型bimetallic strip雙層金屬片，雙金屬片binary adder二進(jìn)加法器binary system二進(jìn)制binding結(jié)合binding energy結(jié)合能binoculars雙筒望遠(yuǎn)鏡Biot-Savart law畢奧薩伐爾定律bipolar雙極的birefraction雙折射bistable雙穩(wěn)態(tài)的，雙穩(wěn)器bistable circuit雙穩(wěn)電路bistable multivibrator雙穩(wěn)態(tài)多諧振蕩器bit二進(jìn)制制，位black body radiation黑體輻射block and tackle滑輪組block d

39、iagram方框圖blocking capacitor隔直流電器容blooming敷霜，表面加膜Bohr atom玻爾原子Bohr radius玻爾半徑Bohr theory玻爾理論boil沸騰，煮沸boiler鍋爐boiling point沸點(diǎn)bolometer輻射熱計Boltzmann constant玻耳茲曼常數(shù)，玻耳茲曼常量bombardment轟擊bond energy鍵能bonding鍵合Bourdon gauge布爾登氣壓計bow wave弓形波，舷波Boyles law博伊爾定律Brackett series布喇開系，布喇開光譜Bragg angle布喇格角Bragg diff

40、raction布喇格衍射，布喇格繞射Bragg plane布喇格平面Braggs law布喇格定律brake制動器breakdown potential擊穿電勢，擊穿電位breaking point斷點(diǎn)breaking strength抗斷強(qiáng)度breaking stress致斷應(yīng)力breeder reactor增殖反應(yīng)堆bremsstrahlung軔致輻射Brewsters law布魯斯特定律bridge circuit橋式電路bridge rectifier橋式整流器bright fringe亮紋brightness亮度brittle脆的，易碎的bromine溴Brownian moveme

41、nt布朗運(yùn)動brush電刷bubble chamber氣泡室bubble raft model泡筏模型buffer緩沖器buffer circuit緩沖電路bulk modulus體積彈性模量Bunsen burner本生燈buoyancy浮力burette滴定管burette stand滴定管架burglar alarm防盜警報器，防盜警鐘buzzer蜂鳴器by-pass旁路byte二進(jìn)制組，字節(jié) 物理英文詞匯（C） cable電纜cadmium sulphide硫化鎘caesium銫calcite方解石calibrate校準(zhǔn)，標(biāo)上刻度calipers測徑器，卡鉗calorie卡路里，卡ca

42、lorimeter量熱器camera照相機(jī)cancer cell癌細(xì)胞candela坎德拉cantilever懸臂capacitance電容capacitance substitution box換值電容箱capacitive circuit電容電路capacitive component電容性分量capacitive coupling電容耦合capacitive discharge電容性放電capacitive reactance容抗capacitor電容器capacitor-input filter電容輸入濾波器capacity容量，載量capillarity毛細(xì)現(xiàn)象，毛細(xì)作用capill

43、ary depression毛細(xì)下降capillary rise毛細(xì)上升capillary tube毛細(xì)管capsule囊capture俘獲carbon碳carbon granule碳顆粒carbon paper disc圓形碳紙carbon-14 dating碳14年代測定法carburettor化油器，汽化器carrier wave載波carry進(jìn)位castor oil蓖麻油cataract白內(nèi)障cathode陰極，負(fù)極cathode ray陰極射線 cathode ray deflection tube陰極射線偏轉(zhuǎn)管cathode-ray oscilloscope陰極射線示波器，示波器c

44、athode-ray tube陰極射線管cavity resonator空腔共振器celestial telescope天體望遠(yuǎn)鏡cell電池，細(xì)胞Celsius temperature scale攝氏溫標(biāo)centimetre厘米centralized low voltage power supply unit中央控制低壓電源箱centre of curvature曲率中心centre of gravity重心centre of mass質(zhì)心centre of oscillation振蕩中心centre-tapped transformer中心抽頭變壓器centrifugal force離心力

45、centrifuge離心機(jī)centripetal acceleration向心加速度centripetal force向心力Chadwick查德威克chain reaction連鎖反應(yīng)change of state物態(tài)變化change-over switch換向開關(guān)characteristic特性，特征characteristic curve特性曲線 characteristic line特征線，特征譜characteristic spectrum特征光譜，特征譜charge電荷，充電，起電charge carrier載荷子charge conservation電荷守恒charge densi

46、ty電荷密度charge distribution電荷分布charge to mass ratio荷質(zhì)比charged particle帶電粒子charging by contact接觸起電charging by friction摩擦生電charging by induction感應(yīng)起電charging by sharing授受起電charging time constant充電時間常數(shù)，充電時間常量Charless law查理定律choke扼流，抗流，扼流圈，抗流圈choke circuit扼流電路，抗流電路chromatic aberration色差chromatic dispersion

47、色散cinefilm soundtrack電影膠片聲跡circle of least confusion最少模糊圈，明晰圈circuit電路circuit board電路板circuit breaker斷路器circuit symbol電路符號circular coil環(huán)形線圈circular motion圓周運(yùn)動circular orbit圓周軌道circular pulse圓形脈沖circular wave圓形波circular wavefront圓形波陣面，圓形波前clamp夾鉗，夾緊clap-echo method拍掌回聲法cleave裂開clinical thermometer體溫計

48、clip夾子clockwise moment順時針力矩closed circuit閉合電路closed pipe閉管closed tube閉管closed-loop control system死循環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)closed-loop gain死循環(huán)增益closed-loop voltage gain死循環(huán)電壓增益closely packed密堆積的cloud chamber云室cloud chamber track云室徑跡coaxial共軸，同軸coaxial cable同軸電纜，同軸cobalt鈷code編碼coder編碼器coefficient of dynamic friction動摩擦系

49、數(shù)coefficient of friction摩擦系數(shù)coefficient of restitution恢復(fù)系數(shù)coefficient of static friction靜摩擦系數(shù)coefficient of viscosity黏滯系數(shù)coherent相干的cohesion內(nèi)聚力，內(nèi)聚cohesive force內(nèi)聚力coil線圈collector集電極，集極collector current集電極電流，集極電流collimator準(zhǔn)直管，準(zhǔn)直儀collision碰撞colour顏色colour code色碼，色標(biāo)combinational logic組合邏輯common emitter

50、共發(fā)射極common-mode voltage共模電壓commutator換向器compass指南針，羅盤complete circuit完整電路component組件，分量，組分component of force分力compound microscope復(fù)式顯微鏡compound pendulum復(fù)擺compressed gas壓縮氣體compressibility可壓縮性，壓縮系數(shù)，壓縮率compressible fluid可壓縮性流體compression密部，壓縮compression spring balance壓縮彈簧天平concave凹concave lens凹透鏡concav

51、e mirror凹鏡，凹面鏡concentric capacitor同心電容器condensation凝結(jié)，凝聚condensation nucleus凝結(jié)核，凝聚核condensation point凝點(diǎn)，凝結(jié)點(diǎn)condenser聚光器，電容器，冷凝器conductance電導(dǎo)conductivity傳導(dǎo)性，傳導(dǎo)率conductor導(dǎo)體conical pendulum錐擺conjugate foci共軛焦點(diǎn)conservation of angular momentum角動量守恒conversation of charge電荷守恒conservation of energy能量守恒conse

52、rvation of mechanical energy機(jī)械能守恒conservation of momentum動量守恒conservative force守恒力，保守力conserved守恒constant acceleration恒加速度constant angular acceleration恒角加速度constant angular velocity恒角速度constant force恒力constant motion恒速運(yùn)動constant pressure定壓constant speed恒速率constant temperature定溫constant velocity恒速度constant volume定容constant volume gas thermometer定容氣體溫度計constantan康銅constriction頸縮constructive interference相長干涉contact angle接觸角contact area接觸面積contact fo