B_7__U_1_(高中英語選修七第一單元語法：動詞不定式)

1、Grammar ：The InfinitiveThe Infinitive動詞不定式動詞不定式 Unit 1 Living wellMarty says2. I used to climb trees, swim and play football.3. Then I started to get weaker and weaker. Unfortunately, the doctors dont know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability.4. Ev

2、en after all that, no one could give my disease a name and it is difficult to know what the future holds.5. Sometimes, too, I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered.6. My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up. Marty saysMarty says7. Last year I

3、inventedand a big company has decided to buy it from me.8. I also have to do a lot of work, especially if I have been away for a while.9. Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.動詞不定式動詞不定式是動詞的一種非謂語形式。是動詞的一種非謂語形式。由由“ 構(gòu)成構(gòu)成, , 其否定形式是其否定形式

4、是“ ”, ,不定式可以帶賓語或不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語, ,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化化, ,但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。不定式可以但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。不定式可以作主語、賓語、狀語、表語和定語，但作主語、賓語、狀語、表語和定語，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語。不能單獨(dú)作謂語。動詞不定式動詞不定式to+doto+donot/never to donot/never to do結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu) : to do (否定否定) not/never to do 二二. 時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式一般式進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式完成式完成式完成進(jìn)行式完成進(jìn)行式不定式不定式

5、to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing-(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.( (一般式表示與謂語的動作同時(shí)一般式表示與謂語的動作同時(shí)/ /幾乎幾乎/ /發(fā)生在發(fā)生在它之后它之后.).)( (在謂語動詞發(fā)生的同時(shí)在謂語動詞發(fā)生的同時(shí), ,不定式的動作也正在進(jìn)行不定式的動作也正在進(jìn)行) )( (完成式

6、表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前完成式表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前) )(4).Were happy to have been working with you. ( (完成進(jìn)行式表示謂語動作發(fā)生之前完成進(jìn)行式表示謂語動作發(fā)生之前, ,不定式的不定式的動作一直在進(jìn)行而且可能之后也繼續(xù)動作一直在進(jìn)行而且可能之后也繼續(xù)) )1. 作主語作主語2. 作表語作表語4. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語作賓語補(bǔ)足語3. 作賓語作賓語5. 作定語作定語6. 作狀語作狀語7. 作插入語作插入語三、用法三、用法To see is to believe.Its important .學(xué)好英語很重要。學(xué)好英語很重要。1. 主語主語My jo

7、b is . （照顧病人）（照顧病人）Your task is .你的任務(wù)是打掃教室。你的任務(wù)是打掃教室。to learn English wellto help the patientto clean the classroom.It be adj to do sth2. 表語表語I want to go home.The workers demanded to get better pay.I found it necessary .我覺得有必要再跟他談?wù)?。我覺得有必要再跟他談?wù)劇? 賓語賓語think/ consider/ find /make/feel it + adj.+ to do

8、 to talk to him again常接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：常接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：want, agree, afford, attempt, choose, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, fail, expect, get, hate, hope, intend, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, wish。The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you

9、.我希望你給我?guī)椭蚁Ｍ憬o我?guī)椭?引導(dǎo)不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動詞：引導(dǎo)不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動詞：warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等等+sb to do sth4. 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)to give me some help五看五看 watch see look at observe notice(1.)使役動詞：三使使役動詞：三使 let make have 二聽二聽 listen to hear一感覺一感覺: feel(2.)感官動詞感官動詞e.g. I made him do his work.He was (by me).注意注意被動語態(tài)不能省被動語態(tài)不能省to）made

10、 to do his work(3) 不定式用在介詞不定式用在介詞but, except, besides后時(shí)后時(shí),如果這些介詞前有行為動詞如果這些介詞前有行為動詞do的任何一種的任何一種形式形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相反則帶相反則帶to. She could do nothing but cry. What do you like to do besides sleep?You have no choice but to accept itI have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do .5. 定語定

11、語 如果不定式中的動詞是如果不定式中的動詞是不及物不及物動詞動詞,則不則不 定式中要有介詞定式中要有介詞. 請給我一支寫字的筆請給我一支寫字的筆.Please give me a pen to write with.He is looking for a room to live in .There is nothing to worry about. He spoke loudly .(1.) 表示目的表示目的: to in order to so as to6 作狀語作狀語I came here .我來是為了見你我來是為了見你to see youso as / in order/ to b

12、e heard他大聲說話以便讓大家都聽得見。他大聲說話以便讓大家都聽得見。(2.) 表示原因表示原因: 不定式可以用在作表語的形容詞后作不定式可以用在作表語的形容詞后作狀語狀語, sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, right, wrong, rude, cruel, disappointed等。等。eg: Im glad / pleased to see you. We were surprised 聽聽到這個(gè)消息我們很吃驚。到這個(gè)消息我們很吃驚。to hear the news. so + adj. / adv. + as to dos

13、uch + a/an. + n. +as to doadj. / adv.+ enough + to doonly to , tooto He was so foolish as to believe it. = He was such a fool as to believe it. = He was foolish enough to believe it.(3.) 結(jié)果狀語結(jié)果狀語: : He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.(7).獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)to be frank, to be honest, to

14、tell the truthTo tell the truth, I dont agree with you.疑問詞疑問詞 who,which, when, how, whatwho,which, when, how, what等等與不定式與不定式連用，連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等。在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等。He didnt know . . (賓語賓語) 他不知道說什么。他不知道說什么。 the problem is very important. .(主語主語) 如何解決這個(gè)問題很重要。如何解決這個(gè)問題很重要。My question is . . (表

15、語表語)我的問題是什么時(shí)候開始。我的問題是什么時(shí)候開始。疑問詞疑問詞+不定式不定式what to sayHow to solvewhen to start My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health. giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up2.The sentence wants _ once more. explained B. to explain C. being explained D. explaining3.The Arctic is considered

16、_ the northern part of the Atlantic. having been B. to have beenC. to be D. being4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay. to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weaving D. to weave5. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. Having sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. To

17、 sleep 6.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _. turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having turned it off7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. to solving, making B.

18、 to solving, madeC. to solve, making D. to solve, made8. -What do you think of the school? -It is a very good _. school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to study9. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no use. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned10.W

19、e find it impossible for us _ the work ahead of time. to be finished B. finishing C. being finished D. to finish11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train. -Why not _ there by boat for a change? to try to go B. try going C. to try going D. try to go 12._ a living, she had to work from morning till night.

20、 To make B. MadeC. Making D. To have made13. I would rather starve to death than _ for food. beg B. begging C. begged D. to beg14.The boy pretended _ when his teacher entered. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read【補(bǔ)償訓(xùn)練補(bǔ)償訓(xùn)練】(2012全國卷全國卷)The old man sat in front of the television every even

21、ing, happy anything that happened to be on. A. to watchB. watchingC. watchedD. to have watched2. (2012四川高考四川高考)New technologies have made possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost. A. that B. this C. one D. it3. (2012北京高考北京高考)Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds awa

22、y. A. to stayB. stayingC. stayedD. stay5. (2011山東高考山東高考)The two girls are so alike that strangers find difficult to tell one from the other. A. it B. them C. her D. that4. (2011湖南高考湖南高考)The ability an idea is as important as the idea itself. A. expressingB. expressedC. to expressD. to be expressed1.

23、 Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects7. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning8. We agreed _ here bu