非謂語動詞003

1、一、非謂語動詞的特點一、非謂語動詞的特點1、謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的區(qū)別；、謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的區(qū)別；2、非謂語動詞作定語；、非謂語動詞作定語；3、非謂語動詞作主語和表語；、非謂語動詞作主語和表語；4、非謂語動詞作賓語；、非謂語動詞作賓語；5、非謂語動詞作賓補(bǔ)；、非謂語動詞作賓補(bǔ)；6、非謂語動詞作狀語；、非謂語動詞作狀語；7、非謂語動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)和被動。、非謂語動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)和被動。二、非謂語動詞的句法功能二、非謂語動詞的句法功能不不定定式式主語主語賓語賓語表語表語賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)定語定語狀語狀語動動名名詞詞主語主語賓語賓語表語表語定語定語分分詞詞表語表語賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)定語定語狀語狀語三、謂語動詞與非謂語動

2、詞的區(qū)別三、謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的區(qū)別點擊：點擊：1. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. (93 N) A. angrily pointingB. and point angrily C. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing.,disappeared B. seized., disapp

3、eared C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing 兩個動作之間用兩個動作之間用 and 連接稱為并列謂語，并列謂語需注意兩個動詞的連接稱為并列謂語，并列謂語需注意兩個動詞的形式的一致性，故形式的一致性，故B、D皆錯；不用皆錯；不用 and 連接時稱之為狀語，只能用非連接時稱之為狀語，只能用非謂語動詞作狀語，故謂語動詞作狀語，故C錯。錯。seized 和和 took 是并列謂語，是并列謂語，disappearing 是伴隨狀語。此題的關(guān)是伴隨狀語。此題的關(guān)鍵是鍵是and 的位置，如果的位置，如果 and 在在 disappear 前，則

4、三個動詞并列。前，則三個動詞并列。AD四、非謂語動詞作主語和表語四、非謂語動詞作主語和表語點擊：點擊： 1. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _. A. hed like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too C. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure 2. Its necessary to be prepared for a job i

5、nterview. _ the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having在在 and 連接的并列句中，兩個主語要保持一致的形式。動名詞連接的并列句中，兩個主語要保持一致的形式。動名詞 fishing 和和 collecting coins 分別作兩個簡單句的主語。這句話的意思為分別作兩個簡單句的主語。這句話的意思為“釣魚釣魚是他的愛好，集郵也給他帶來極大的樂趣。是他的愛好，集郵也給他帶來極大的樂趣?！盌D非謂語動詞作主語時要注意以下兩個重要問題：第一是并行結(jié)構(gòu)問題，如：

6、Seeing is believing. / To see is to believe.第二需要注意一些結(jié)構(gòu)：A) 在在 Its no use (good; value; importance) 等結(jié)構(gòu)中只用動名等結(jié)構(gòu)中只用動名 詞作主語。詞作主語。如：Its no use quarrelling with such a fellow . 注意比較：Theres no need to tell him about it.B) 在在 Its + adj. 結(jié)構(gòu)中都用不定式作主語。注意兩種句型：結(jié)構(gòu)中都用不定式作主語。注意兩種句型： Its easy (difficult, hard, impor

7、tant, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better; the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough) 后加 for sb. to do Its kind (nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate (考慮周到的), silly, selfish (自私的) )后加 of sb. to do3. The purp

8、ose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. (99 N) A. not make B. not to makeC. not making D. do not makeB動詞不定式短語動詞不定式短語 to make life easier 及及 not to make it more difficult 都作都作 purpose 的表語。非謂語動詞作表語時要特的表語。非謂語動詞作表語時要特別注意兩個問題，一是并行結(jié)構(gòu)問題，二是時間問題。別注意兩個問題，一是并行結(jié)構(gòu)問題，二是時間問題。一一般來說，不定式作

9、表語都表示該動作發(fā)生在將來，故在般來說，不定式作表語都表示該動作發(fā)生在將來，故在表表示示“目的、愿望、夢想、需求目的、愿望、夢想、需求”等名詞作主語時其表語等名詞作主語時其表語應(yīng)該應(yīng)該用不定式。動名詞作表語一般用來表示用不定式。動名詞作表語一般用來表示“身份、職業(yè)身份、職業(yè)”等。等。另外要特別注意現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別。另外要特別注意現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別。五、非謂語動詞作定語五、非謂語動詞作定語 點擊：點擊：1. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of na

10、ture. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 2. A man is being questioned in relation to the _ murder last night. A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted 該題的謂語動詞是該題的謂語動詞是 attract，“聞起來很香聞起來很香”用來作定語修用來作定語修飾飾主語主語 flowers。BC“謀殺謀殺”只能被預(yù)謀，故該用過去分詞作定語表示被動。只能被預(yù)謀，故該用過去分詞作定語表示被動。3. The picture

11、_ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A. having hung B. hanging C. hangsD. being hung4. There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss which to buy.A. to be chosenB. to choose from C. to chooseD. for choosingBBhang 作及物動詞用時表示人為的作及物動詞用時表示人為的“掛掛”；作不及物動詞；作不及物動詞用時用時表示東西掛在某處的狀態(tài)。本句中的表示東西掛在某處的狀態(tài)。本句中的 hang 為不及物動為不

12、及物動詞，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。詞，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。動詞不定式動詞不定式 to choose from 和和 to choose 都可以作定語，問題都可以作定語，問題是是 to choose 作定語時該名詞是作定語時該名詞是 choose 的對象；的對象；to choose from 作定語時，該名詞是作定語時，該名詞是 choose 的范圍。該題指的是范圍的范圍。該題指的是范圍.非謂語動詞作定語時要注意以下區(qū)別：非謂語動詞作定語時要注意以下區(qū)別： 分詞作定語時與其所修飾的名詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；分詞作定語時與其所修飾的名詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系； 動名詞作定語時只表示用途、場所等意義；動名

13、詞作定語時只表示用途、場所等意義； 不定式作定語時要注意以下一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)：不定式作定語時要注意以下一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)： 在在 time, chance, right 等名詞后；等名詞后； 在序數(shù)詞后；在序數(shù)詞后； 在在 wish, need, demand, requirement 等詞后。等詞后。D)表示被動意義的非謂語動詞作定語時的用法：表示被動意義的非謂語動詞作定語時的用法： done 表示已經(jīng)完成的動作表示已經(jīng)完成的動作 to be done 表示尚未開始的動作表示尚未開始的動作 being done 表示正在進(jìn)行之中的動作表示正在進(jìn)行之中的動作六、非謂語動詞作賓補(bǔ)六、非謂語動詞作賓補(bǔ)點擊：

14、點擊： The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. (95 N) A. not toB. not to doC. not to itD. do not toA為了避免重復(fù)，常用省略形式 to 來代替前面的動作。如：Would you like to visit our school? Yes, Id like to.有些動詞后面需要用不定式作賓補(bǔ)，除 tell 外，常見的還有：adviseallowcauseconsider encourage forbid forceintendor

15、der permitpersuade remind request requireurge warn ask wish want 等特別注意：特別注意： hope, agree, demand, suggest 等沒有賓補(bǔ)。2. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. (95 N) A. learnB. to learnC. learnedD. learning3. A computer does only what thinking people _.) A. have it doB. have it done C. have

16、 done itD. having it done使役動詞使役動詞 make / have / let sb. do sth. 但改為被動語態(tài)后，但改為被動語態(tài)后，則應(yīng)為：則應(yīng)為：be made / let to do。注意其它不帶。注意其它不帶 to 的動詞不定的動詞不定式的用法。式的用法。此句中的此句中的 it 指代的是指代的是 a computer，what 在從句中作在從句中作 do 的的賓賓語，表示語，表示“人們讓計算機(jī)所做的事人們讓計算機(jī)所做的事“應(yīng)該用應(yīng)該用 people have a computer do 這一結(jié)構(gòu)。需要注意的是這一結(jié)構(gòu)。需要注意的是 have 的幾個常用的幾

17、個常用結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)：have sb. / sth. do ; have sb. / sth. done ; have sb. / sth. doing ; have sb. / sth. to doBA4. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out5. The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. A. playi

18、ngB. to be playingC. playD. to playthat 引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，修飾引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，修飾 plan，在從句中作，在從句中作 see 的賓的賓語。因此從句中的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為語。因此從句中的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為 see the plan carried out。特別注。特別注意現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別。意現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別。感官性動詞后面的賓補(bǔ)若用不定式，則表示一個完整的動感官性動詞后面的賓補(bǔ)若用不定式，則表示一個完整的動作；若用現(xiàn)在分詞，則表示正在進(jìn)行的動作。本句應(yīng)理解作；若用現(xiàn)在分詞，則表示正在進(jìn)行的動作。本句應(yīng)理解為正在進(jìn)行的動作。為正在進(jìn)行的動作。CA七

19、、非謂語動詞作賓語七、非謂語動詞作賓語 點擊：點擊： 1. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meetD. to have met2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ to my new job. A. expectedB. to expect C. to be expecting D. expectsCB注意注意1：僅帶不定式作賓語的動詞有：agree, refuse, offer, prom

20、ise, decide, determine, intend, manage, fail, hope, expect, long, wish, tend, desire, plan, pretend, 等；注意注意2：動詞 know, show 等常帶疑問詞加 to do 作賓語。3. I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island.A. to have had timeB. having time C. to have timeD. to having timeB僅帶動名詞作賓語的動詞為：admit appreciate

21、 avoid delay enjoy escape excuse prevent finish imagine mind practise resist risk suggest stand forgivekeep allow advise permit forbid 但如果在 allow advise permit forbid 后提到有關(guān)的人，就只能用不定式作賓補(bǔ)。在動詞 want, need, require, demand 等詞后加動名詞作賓語時表示被動意義，相當(dāng)于 to be done。4. - You were brave enough to raise objections at

22、 the meeting. - Well, now I regret _ that. (95 N) A. to do B. to be doingC. to have done D. having done5. - Let me tell you something about the journalists. - Dont you remember _ me the story yesterday? () A. toldB. tellingC. to tellto have told6. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for a

23、nother hour. () A. waitingB. to waitC. waitD. to be waitingDBA特別注意帶不定式和動名詞作賓語時意義不同的動詞：特別注意帶不定式和動名詞作賓語時意義不同的動詞： remember, forget, regret, try, go on, mean, miss, stop7. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? (93 N) A. to takeB. takeC. takingD. to be taking8. - I must apologize for _ ahead

24、of time. - Thats all right. (94 N) A. letting you not knowB. not letting you know C. letting you know notD. letting not you know9. Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong. () A. admitB. admittedC. admittingD. to admitCBA介詞的賓語一般都用動名詞，但有三個介詞介詞的賓語一般都用動名詞，但有三個介詞 but (except) / than

25、 / be about 后要接不定式作賓語。后要接不定式作賓語。10. Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. (94 N) A. ride rideB. riding ride C. ride to rideD. to ride riding注意注意 prefer 的幾個常用句型：的幾個常用句型：prefer to do sth. than do sth.prefer doing sth. to doing sth.prefer + n. to + n.C11. Mr. Reed made up his m

26、ind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children. (01 上海春季) A. set upB. setting upC. have set up D. having set up12. - How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? - The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. (02 北京) A. to solving maki

27、ngB. to solving made C. to solve makingD. to solve madeBB要特別注意要特別注意 to 的詞性，分析其為介詞還是不定式。的詞性，分析其為介詞還是不定式。admit to，be accustomed to 習(xí)慣于，習(xí)慣于， be used to ，stick to ，turn to，devote oneself to ，be devoted to，look forward to，pay attention to, get down to 等等 八、非謂語動詞作狀語八、非謂語動詞作狀語點擊：點擊： 1. - Mum, why do you al

28、ways make me eat an egg every day? - _ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. () A. GetB. GettingC. To getD. To be getting2. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. () A. To sleep B. SleepingC. SleepD. Having slept3. In order to make our city green, _. () A. it is necessary t

29、o have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plant C. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more treesCAD4. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (96 N) A. LosingB. Having lostC. LostD. To lose5. _ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover f

30、rom the operation. () A. GivenB. To giveC. GivingD. Having given6. He sent me an E-mail, _ to get further information. () A. hopedB. hopingC. to hopeD. hopelose oneself in sth. 表示表示“陷入陷入”，主語，主語 he 為為 lose 的賓語。的賓語。 given 作狀語意為作狀語意為“考慮到考慮到”，意思相當(dāng)于，意思相當(dāng)于 considering。注意注意 hoping 為伴隨狀語而非目的狀語，真正的目的是后為伴隨狀語而

31、非目的狀語，真正的目的是后面的面的 to get 。CAB7. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. () A. beginsB. having begunC. beginningD. begun8. Finding her car stolen, _. (). A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searching thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurr

32、ied to a policeman for help once 在此處只是副詞，后面的分詞必須考慮到與句子主語在此處只是副詞，后面的分詞必須考慮到與句子主語的關(guān)系。的關(guān)系。begin為及物動詞，意為為及物動詞，意為“開始、啟動開始、啟動”，故該用，故該用過過去分詞。去分詞。本句要特別注意其邏輯主語。本句要特別注意其邏輯主語。DD九、非謂語動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)和被動九、非謂語動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)和被動 點擊：點擊： I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. () A. t

33、o go B. having goneC. goingD. to have gone2. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. () A. to have studiedB. to study C. to be studyingD. to have been studyingDA would love to have done 表示本想去做，但沒做成。表示本想去做，但沒做成。 本題的關(guān)鍵是本題的關(guān)鍵是“what country he studied in”，由此可知，由此可知事情發(fā)生在過去。事情發(fā)生在過去。3. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything. () A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the