Teaching Supplementary for SEModule VII.doc第四單元

1、2005級高二英語備課材料第 10 頁 共 10 頁Teaching Supplementary for SEModule VIIUnit IV Public Transport Words and Expressions1.distinction n不同；區(qū)別,特點；特色；非凡；卓越,特征; 特性; 個性draw a distinction between對.加以區(qū)別make a distinction between對.加以區(qū)別gain /win distinction出名graduate from college with distinction以優(yōu)異成績畢業(yè)He has great d

2、istinction of manner. 他的舉止非凡。 a writer of distinction一位卓越的作家His distinction of sound is excellent.他辨別聲音的能力很強。His style lacks distinction. 他的文體缺乏個性。2. distant adj遠隔的；遙遠的；遠的來自遠方的；向遠方去的,疏遠的；關(guān)系不近的a distant date遙遠的日期a distant look冷漠的表情be distant towards sb. 對某人冷淡The foreign visitors came from a distant c

3、ountry. 外國游客來自一個遙遠的國度。Those two weak boys are distant relations.那兩個瘦弱的男孩是遠房親戚。Instead of stopping to speak, she passed by with only a distant nod. 她沒有停下來談話，只是冷冷地點了一下頭走了過去。3. boundary n-ries界線；邊界the boundaries of the country國界the boundaries of knowledge 知識范圍The river is the boundary between the two c

4、ountries. 這條河是兩國的界河。Science advances the -ries of knowledge.科學擴展了知識的范圍。4. choke vi, vt choked, choking 使窒息；悶死；使不能呼吸 choke ones feeling抑制感情choke with anger氣得說不出話來The smoke from the stove almost choked me.爐子里發(fā)出的煙嗆得我?guī)缀跬覆贿^氣來。The madman choked his own child to death. 瘋子把他自己的孩子掐死了。The sewage pipes were ch

5、oked with rubbish. 垃圾阻塞了污水管道。5. beneath prep.在.之下; 在.的(正)下方, 在(或緊挨著).的底下; 低于,不值得, 不足取; 有失.的身分, 有損于(尊嚴等)live beneath the same roof同住一屋beneath notice不值得注意的beneath ones breath低聲A captain is beneath a major.上尉低于少校。It would be beneath him to do that. 他做那件事未免有失身分。adv. 在下, 在下面, 在下方, 在底下the heaven above and

6、 the earth beneath天上和地下6. narrow adj狹窄的a narrow path 羊腸小道勉強的；險勝的a narrow escape 死里逃生a narrow circle of friends交際不廣; 狹小的朋友圈子in a narrow sense在狹義上narrow views偏見be narrow with money花錢吝嗇vt. Living in the countryside has narrowed him. 居住在鄉(xiāng)下使他眼光變窄了。7. section n. 切片, 切面, 剖面(圖) 部分, 一段, 一節(jié)(切開的)一塊, (水果的)一瓣a s

7、ection of a pipe管子的一段show sth. in section把某物以斷面顯示出來the sports section of a newspaper報紙中專登運動消息的部分all sections of people各界人民8. middle n（常與of連用）中間；中央；中部；中心,腰部I woke in the middle of the night. 我半夜醒了。Hes getting fatter round the middle. 他的腰部變粗了。middle age中年,壯年 a middle-aged woman 一中年婦女middle brother sis

8、ter, son 三兄弟姊妹, 兒子中的第二個9. accelerate vt. 加速, 促進vi. 加速,The car accelerated as it overtook me. 那輛汽車一加速就超越了我.The leader is losing ground as the rest of the runners accelerate.領(lǐng)先者在其余賽跑者加速時就逐漸失去了優(yōu)勢。10. pace n速度, 一步；步幅to take a pace forward 向前邁一步a fast pace 快速at the pace of three miles an hour以每小時3 英里的速度t

9、o go at a good pace 以飛快的速度走to make two paces 走兩步write with pace流暢地書寫The fence is only ten paces from the house.圍墻離屋子只有十步遠。keep pace（常與with連用）跟上，與同步；并駕齊驅(qū)Are wages keeping pace with inflation? 工資的提高能否與通貨膨脹同步？vi, vt paced, pacing 慢慢地走；踱步The lion paced the floor of its cage.獅子在籠里踱來踱去。He paced the room.

10、他在房間里踱來踱去。（常與out連用）步測to pace out a distance of 100 yards 步測出100碼的距離跑在.前面; 為.樹立榜樣, 為.的標兵She paces the whole class in English study.她在學習英語方面為全班樹立榜樣。vi.踱步, 慢慢地走The tiger paced up and down the cage.老虎在籠中走來走去。11. board n木板 （供某種特殊用途的）板drawing board 制圖板chess board 棋盤notice-board 布告板board and lodging/bed膳宿費

11、 How much is bed and board?住宿費和伙食費共多少錢?Each student has to pay $100 a month for board and lodging. 每個學生每月需付一百美元的膳宿費。委員會；理事會；董事會Our company has 3 women on its board of directors. 我們公司董事會里有三位女性。His uncle is now on the Board.他叔叔現(xiàn)在是董事。The board of the directors unanimously agreed that Mr White was the b

12、est candidate for the job.董事會一致同意懷特先生是干這項工作的最佳候選人。(pl)戲??；舞臺He has been on the boards all his life. 他終身從事戲劇事業(yè)。across the board包括所有團體或成員A wage rise of 10 pounds a week across the board. 全體成員每人每周加薪10鎊。go by the board（計劃、安排等）失敗，落空 on board在船上，在公共交通工具內(nèi)We went on board the ship. 我們登上了輪船。sweep the board贏得一

13、切；幾乎全勝 Our team swept the board in the sports games.我們代表隊在運動會中大獲全勝。vt, vi上船；坐船；搭乘（公共交通工具）He boarded the bus. 他上了公共汽車。vi.搭伙; (船在逆風中)曲折地航行I am boarding at a friends house.我在一個朋友家搭伙。12. authority n權(quán)威；威信權(quán)力；職權(quán) academic authority學術(shù)權(quán)威-ties concerned有關(guān)當局You dont have any authority for entering this house. I

14、ts private.你們沒有任何權(quán)力進入這所房子,這是私宅。authority to spend from debt receipts動用借款的授權(quán)by the authority of得到.許可; 根據(jù).所授的權(quán)力; 經(jīng).許可carry authority有分量; 有影響; 有勢力; 有權(quán)威have authority over有權(quán), 管理have authority with有權(quán), 管理in authority持有權(quán)力的地位on good authority有確實可靠的根據(jù)on ones own authority根據(jù)自己的意見on the authority of根據(jù).所授的權(quán)力; 得

15、到.的許可; 根據(jù)(某書或某人)speak with authority有權(quán)威或威信地說13. expansionn.擴大, 擴展, , 擴張, 膨脹擴大物部分, 擴張量程度 伸展, 延長 Heat causes the expansion of gases. 熱使氣體膨脹。elastic expansion彈性膨脹territorial expansion領(lǐng)土擴張arms expansion軍備擴充There are plans for the expansion of our school building.有擴大我們學校建筑的計劃。His big book is an expansion

16、 of the little book he wrote before.他的大部頭書是他以前寫的小部頭的擴充本。14.connection n連接，連結(jié)；聯(lián)系，關(guān)系，因果關(guān)系, 親戚，親屬She is a connection of mine.她是我的一個親戚。The television isnt working, is there a loose connection? 電視機壞了，有沒有哪一點接線不緊？Do you believe that theres a connection between smoking and heart disease?你相信吸煙與心臟病有關(guān)系嗎?We hav

17、e connections with various international corporations in Europe.我們同歐洲的多家跨國公司有業(yè)務(wù)往來。in connection with關(guān)于，與有關(guān)the problems in connection with agriculture關(guān)于農(nóng)業(yè)的一些問題There is no connection between them.他們之間沒有什么關(guān)系。That shop has a large connection.那商店有一大批顧客。You are in connection. 給你接通了(電話）。15. function n.官能,

18、功能, 機能; 作用, 效力常用復職務(wù), 職責(盛大的),集會; 宴會; 慶祝儀式【數(shù)】函數(shù),與其它因素有密切關(guān)系的事, 變化的因素the function of the heart心臟的功能perform an important function起重大作用the functions and power of National Congress全國人民代表大會的職權(quán)the function of education教育的功能function of supply and demand供求關(guān)系speak at a function在盛大的集會宴會上講話16. crown n王冠；冕,花冠; 榮譽

19、; 冠軍稱號He won the crown in 1973.他榮獲1973年冠軍稱號。the crown of the year秋季; 收獲季節(jié)vt為加冕；完成；達成；使圓滿完成Success crowned his efforts. 他的努力終于得到成功。be crowned with victory最后獲得勝利Mist crowned the mountain. 霧籠罩著山頂。17. permit vt, vi-tt- 允許許可；準許She wont permit dogs in the house. 她不準許家中有狗。Do you permit your children to smo

20、ke? 你準許你的孩子們吸煙嗎?容許，有可能The facts permit no other explanation.事實不容 許有其它的解釋。if my health permits 如果我的健康狀況容許的話Write me when time permits. 有時間請寫信給我。（與of連用）允許有The situation does not permit of any delay. 情況不允許有任何耽擱。Circumstances do not permit me to help you my helping you. 情況不許可我?guī)椭?。n. 許可證; 執(zhí)照an entry perm

21、it入境證比較 permit allow let 都含“準許”的意思。permit 和 allow 在許多情況下可以通用, 但它較 allow 正式, 含有“積極地、從正面地允許”的意義, 如:They dont permit you to smoke.他們不允許你抽煙。allow 指“并不反對”或“不加阻止”, 偏重“默許”或“聽任”, 含義較消極, 如:Each passenger is allowed twenty -five kilogrammes of luggage.每位旅客允許攜帶二十五公斤的行李。let 是三個詞中最不正式的, 較口語化, 而語意最弱, 指“給予可能或同意”,

22、有時含“難以阻止或限制”之意, 如:Let him wait.讓他等一等。18. damp n潮濕cast /throw a damp over給.潑冷水, 使沮喪You should air the clothes to get the damp out. 你應該把衣服晾一下去去潮氣。There is much damp here. 這里太濕。Their mothers illness cast a damp over the Christmas holidays. 他們媽媽的病使圣誕假期失去了樂趣。vt使受潮；使潮濕,使沮喪，使掃興, 封（火）=dampen His clothes was

23、 damped in the rain. 他的衣服在雨中淋濕了。The rain damped their spirit. 下雨使他們掃興。damp down抑制；使減少，使降低to damp down their enthusiasm 給他們的熱情潑冷水Please damp the fire down before you go to bed. 請你在睡覺前把火封好。19. dozen adj, ndozen 或 dozens 一打，12個by the dozen按打計算I want a dozen of pencils, please! 勞駕，我要一打鉛筆。dozens of許多some

24、 dozen (of) people約十二個人some dozens of people幾十個人There were dozens of people there. 那里有許多人。be six of one and half a dozen of the other dozen半斤八兩20. discount n折扣at a discount打折扣；不值錢的；不受重視的with some discount以保留態(tài)度at 15% discount打八五折discount of 30%七折They give 10% discount for cash payment. 現(xiàn)金付款, 他們給以九折優(yōu)待

25、。accept a statement with some discount不全信一種說法vt不重視；不理會discount 20 %打八折be discounted at 10 %打九折discount what he said不全信他說的話The old model workers rich experience is not to be discounted. 老勞動模范的豐富經(jīng)驗不可小看。His information is not to be discounted. 他的消息不可不重視。21. release vt released, releasing （常與from連用）釋放a

26、recently released film新發(fā)行的電影release sb. from his suffering免除某人的痛苦release sb. from his promise使某人不必履行諾言Four prisoners were released. 四名犯人被釋放了。n釋放, 解放; 免除, 赦免; 解除(痛苦等) public release公開發(fā)行, 公諸于眾After their release, the prisoners came home. 犯人們被釋放后回了家。22. aim vt, vi（常與at連用）瞄準；對準aim high胸 懷大志; 力爭上游aim one

27、s gun at the enemy把槍瞄準敵人He aimed with the gun. 他用槍瞄準。He aimed at accuracy. 他力求準確。He aimed the gun at the enemy officer. 他用槍瞄準了敵軍官。以為目標I aim to be a lawyer. 我要當個律師。He aimed to swim a mile. 他的目標是游一英里。The factory must aim at developing new models of machines.該工廠必須致力于研制新型機械。n 瞄準；對準, 目標；目的The hunter took

28、 aim at the wolf. 獵手瞄準狼。 What is your aim in life? 你生活的目的是什么?23. confuse vt-fused, -fusing 使混亂；使迷惑;混淆；混同We tried to confuse the enemy. 我們試圖迷惑敵人。I was confused by all the noise.一片嘈雜聲把我弄得昏頭昏腦。to confuse black and white 混淆黑白 to confuse Mr. A with Mr. B 分不清甲先生和乙先生be confused in mind心煩意亂They asked me so

29、many questions that I got confused. 他們問了我許許多多的問題， 把我弄糊涂了。24.annoy vt annoyed, annoying 使煩惱；使生氣annoy with 生的氣annoy at 討厭某事be annoyed with sb. for / at sth.對(某人)為(某事)而生氣He looked annoyed.他好象不耐煩的樣子。These flies are annoying me. 這些蒼蠅真讓人討厭。Were annoyed at his cavalier treatment of his old friends. 他用這種傲慢的

30、態(tài)度對待老朋友,我們都感到氣憤。25. undertake vt擔任（職務(wù)）；著手（工作） （常與to+ inf連用）答應； undertake a post擔任一個職位I undertook to teach the children English. 我答應教孩子們英語。 The lawyer undertook the case without a fee. 這律師免費承辦那個案件。He undertook to be here at five.他答應五點鐘到這里來。26. sacrifice n供奉，祭祀； 祭品, 犧牲，獻身fall a sacrifice to成為.的犧牲品; 成為

31、.的受害者make sacrifices a sacrifice to為.作出犧牲 ,降低價格, 忍痛出售at a sacrifice虧本, 蝕本(出售)at by the sacrifice of靠犧牲.; 以.為代價kill a sheep as a sacrifice宰羊作為供品sell sth. at a sacrifice虧本出售某物A lamb was offered in sacrifice. 一只小羊用作祭祀。His parents made sacrifices to pay for his education. 他的父母為供他上學而作出了犧牲。He gave his lif

32、e as a sacrifice for his country. 他為國犧牲了。vt, vi-ficed, -ficing （常與to連用）供奉，祭祀；獻祭；獻身A mother will sacrifice her life for her children. 母親會為自己的孩子操勞一生的。 She has sacrificed herself to her husbands interests. 為了丈夫的利益，她犧牲了自己。vt; 把.奉獻給.(for; to) 廉價賣出sacrifice.for to為.而犧牲, 犧牲.而換得.He sacrificed his life to sa

33、ve the drowning child.他為拯救落水的孩子而獻出自已的生命。He was forced to sacrifice his house. 他被迫廉價出售他的房子。We know how to work, to sacrifice, and to fight. 我們懂得如何去工作, 去戰(zhàn)斗, 去作出犧牲。27. beyond prep 表示位置在向.的那邊, 在.之外,表示時間遲于., 到.以后表示范圍, 限度超出,常用于否定句和疑問句除.以外What lies beyond the mountains? 山的那一邊有什么？The road is beyond that hil

34、l.路在山的那一邊。Dont stay there beyond midnight. 不要過了午夜還留在那兒。 Some shops keep open beyond midnight.有些商店營業(yè)到半夜以后。Understanding this article is beyond my capacity.我看不懂這篇文章。Its quite beyond me why she married such a heavy smoker.我實在無法理解為什么她會嫁給這樣一個煙鬼。The fruit is beyond my reach. 那個果子我夠不著。The rumor is beyond b

35、elief. 這謠言不可信。I know nothing of it beyond what he told me.除了他告訴我的以外, 別的我什么都不知道。adv在（或到）較遠處；再往前去；越過Men can travel to the moon and beyond. 人們能到月球或更遠處去旅行。28. flash vt, vi閃光；閃爍;飛馳;閃現(xiàn)；掠過flash in the pan曇花一現(xiàn)flash a glance a look, ones eyes at用眼瞟一下; 看一眼The cars flashed past. 汽車飛馳而過。The days flashed by. 光陰似

36、箭。His eyes flash with anger.他眼中冒出怒火。A driver is not supposed to flash his lights at the coming vehicles.司機不該朝著迎面開來的車輛閃燈。Soldierss bayonets flashed in the sunlight.士兵們的刺刀在陽光中閃閃發(fā)光。The idea flashed into his mind. 這念頭突然閃過他的腦海。 My mind flashed back to last Christmas.我立刻回想起去年圣誕節(jié)的情景。n.in a flash即刻；一瞬間a fla

37、sh of lightning閃電a flash of hope一線希望29. speed n速度；速率accelerate the speed加速at a speed of eighty miles an hour 以每小時80英里的速度The police stopped him for exceeding the speed limit. 因為超速行車, 警察擋住了他。speed through wind and waves斬風劈浪向前進vi.(spedsped,speeded) 迅速前進, 快行(along, down, up, across) 美超速行駛speed the ball

38、on its way帶球迅速前進The ambulance sped to the hospital.救護車快速開往醫(yī)院。He was arrested for speeding. 他因超速行車而被捕。30. punctual adj準時的, 嚴守時間的, 按期的, 正精確的punctual for the class準時去上課punctual in answering letter按期回信If you are punctual you are not late如果你嚴守時間, 你就不會遲到。31. arise vi arose, arisen 出現(xiàn)； 發(fā)生;起來；站起That questio

39、n did not arise.那個問題沒有出現(xiàn)。I arose early in the morning. 我每天早上起得很早。vi.起來, 升起;興起; 出現(xiàn); 發(fā)生,產(chǎn)生, 引起, 造成(from),起身, 起立arise out of由.而引起, 由.而產(chǎn)生; 從.中產(chǎn)生Before they could start a mist arose.在他們動身前, 起了霧。Smoke arose from the chimney.煙從煙筒冒出來。A new difficulty has arisen.出現(xiàn)了新的困難。Accidents arise from carelessness.疏忽大意

40、往往會引起事故的發(fā)生。32. extreme adj盡頭的；末端的；開頭的極端的；過激的in extreme pain極度痛苦hold extreme opinions持偏激的意見in ones extreme moments臨終時刻He lives at the extreme edge of the forest. 他住在森林的最邊上。the extreme left極左分子His political ideas are rather extreme. 他的政治思想相當極端。n極端go to extremes (=run to an extreme) 走極端, 采取極端手段Sometime

41、s he eats too much and sometimes nothing. He goes from one extreme to the other. 他有時吃得太多，有時不吃，從一個極端走到另一極端。Extremes meet.(諺) 兩極相通。in an /the extreme極，非常to the extreme極度地, 非常地33.signal n（為了警告、命令或報信而發(fā) 出的）信號，暗號signal for help發(fā)求救信號A red light is usually a signal of danger. 紅燈通常是危險的信號。vi, vt-ll-; (AmE.) -

42、l-發(fā)信號A bell signals the end of a school period.鈴聲報知下課的時間。The teacher signalled to the boy to begin. 老師向那個男孩做手勢，叫他開始。We signalled the taxi driver to pull over. 我們招呼出租車司機把車開過來。adj顯著的；重大的；卓越的，超群的signal fire烽火signal flag信號旗signal gun信號槍a signal victory 重大的勝利They went into action at a given signal. 在約定的信號發(fā)出時, 他