高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)精品課件：主謂一致與倒裝句(全國(guó)通用)

1、 高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)：主謂一致與倒裝句課件 主謂一致 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)相一致。通常所說(shuō)一個(gè)句子主謂語(yǔ)一致，主要指三個(gè)基本原則：語(yǔ)法形式上一致、意義上一致及就近原則。 一、主謂一致的基本原則 1語(yǔ)法形式上的一致 主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The number of errors in your paper was surprising. 你論文中的錯(cuò)誤數(shù)量之多令人吃驚。 Jane and Mary look a bit like. 簡(jiǎn)和瑪麗看起來(lái)有點(diǎn)相像。 2意義上一致 (1)主語(yǔ)形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The cr

2、owd were running for their lives. 人們?yōu)樯疃疾ā?形單意復(fù)的單詞有：people, police, cattle, militia(國(guó)民自衛(wèi)隊(duì))等。 (2)主語(yǔ)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 The news was very exciting. 消息令人振奮。 形復(fù)意單的單詞有：news, works(工廠)和一些以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱(chēng)如physics, politics, economics等。 3就近原則 就近原則指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的主語(yǔ)。 Among the boys, one or two are able t

3、o jump 1.6 meters. 在這些男孩中，有一兩個(gè)人能跳過(guò)1.6米。 Either you or Jane is to be sent to New Zealand. 要么你，要么簡(jiǎn)將被派往新西蘭。 二、主謂一致的各種情形 (一)并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ) 1由and連接的主語(yǔ) (1)當(dāng)兩個(gè)名詞或代詞由and連接作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。 Leech and Bella were here a moment ago. 里奇和貝拉剛才還在這兒。 My brother and I have both seen the film. 我兄弟和我都看過(guò)這部電影。 Both rice and wheat

4、 are grown in this part of China. 水稻和小麥在中國(guó)這個(gè)地區(qū)均可種植。 (2)當(dāng)and不表示并列意義，而連接兩個(gè)在意義上表示同一人、物或概念或由兩個(gè)部件配成的物品時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 The singer and composer is coming to our school. 那位歌唱家兼作曲家將來(lái)我們學(xué)校。 Bread and butter is often served for breakfast in our restaurant. 我們飯店早點(diǎn)經(jīng)常供應(yīng)奶油面包。 Pork and Chinese cabbage is one of my favour

5、ite dishes. 豬肉炒大白菜是我最?lèi)?ài)吃的菜之一。 (3)兩個(gè)并列名詞由each, every, many a, no, more than one等詞或短語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)。 Each doctor and each nurse was sent for. 所有的醫(yī)生和護(hù)士都被請(qǐng)來(lái)了。 Many a boy and (many a) girl has made the same mistake. 許多男孩和女孩都犯了同樣的錯(cuò)誤。 No teacher and no student agrees to have classes on Sunday. 教師和同學(xué)都不同意星期天上課。

6、2not.but, not only.but also, either.or, neither. nor, or 以上并列連詞連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)應(yīng)該和接近它的主語(yǔ)一致。 Neither Mary nor her parents were invited to the party. 瑪麗和她的父母都沒(méi)有被邀請(qǐng)參加晚會(huì)。 Not only his family but also he likes Bonds movies. 他和他的家人都喜歡邦德的電影。 Either your students or Mr. Wallace knows this. 你的學(xué)生或華萊士先生知道這事。 (二

7、)集合名詞作主語(yǔ) 1謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用復(fù)數(shù)的情況 有些集體名詞如people, cattle, police等形式上是單數(shù)，但意義上是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用復(fù)數(shù)。 Traffic police are always very busy, especially at busy streets. 交通警察總是十分忙碌，特別是在繁忙的街道。 2謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)視主語(yǔ)含義而定的情況 集合名詞group, class, family, army, enemy等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；若強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 My family is a large one. 我的家是一個(gè)大家庭。 T

8、he family are sitting at the breakfast table. (指家庭成員)全家人都坐在早餐桌旁。 Our group are reading the newspapers. (指組內(nèi)成員)我們組的人都在看報(bào)紙。 This group is having a meeting. 這個(gè)組正在開(kāi)會(huì)。 The army is going to remain in this town. 軍隊(duì)將繼續(xù)駐扎在這個(gè)鎮(zhèn)里。 The army have rescued the travelers. (指部隊(duì)中的官兵)官兵們救出了那些游客。 (三)不定代詞作主語(yǔ) 1謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只用單數(shù)的情況

9、 不定代詞anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, something, no one, nobody, nothing, each, the other等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Is anybody going to tell him the news? 會(huì)有人去告訴他這個(gè)消息嗎？ There is nobody in the house. 這間屋子里沒(méi)有人。 Everything is ready. 萬(wàn)事俱備。/一切準(zhǔn)備妥當(dāng)。 Someone wants to see y

10、ou. 有人要見(jiàn)你。 2謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單、復(fù)數(shù)均可的情況 neither of, either of后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)均可，用復(fù)數(shù)較正式，若替代不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，只看作單數(shù)。neither作形容詞時(shí)與單數(shù)名詞連用，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。none作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果指人或可數(shù)的物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)均可，若指不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 None of them has/have arrived yet. 他們一個(gè)人也沒(méi)到。 Neither of them knows/know the answer. 他們倆都不知道答案。 None of this money is mine. 這錢(qián)不是我的。 Neither s

11、tatement was true. 兩個(gè)陳述都不真實(shí)。 (四)主語(yǔ)后接說(shuō)明的修飾語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)后接說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的修飾語(yǔ)，如用with, along with, together with, as well as, like, rather than, but, except, besides, including, in addition to與修飾語(yǔ)連接，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不受修飾成分的影響，仍保持同主語(yǔ)一致的關(guān)系。 The old man, along with his grandson, has to speed up his steps. 和孫子一道走的那位老人不得不加快腳步。 Anna, togeth

12、er with his parents, is going to New York. 安娜將隨她的父母去紐約。 French, as well as English, is taught in our school. 我們學(xué)校開(kāi)英語(yǔ)課也開(kāi)法語(yǔ)課。 (五)表“時(shí)間”、“金錢(qián)”、“距離”、“重量”的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ) 表“時(shí)間”、“金錢(qián)”、“距離”、“重量”的復(fù)數(shù)名詞用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示單位數(shù)量通常看作整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Twenty dollars isnt enough to buy the book. 買(mǎi)這本書(shū)20美元不夠。 Ten miles isnt long. 十英里并不長(zhǎng)。 Five t

13、imes five is twentyfive. 5乘以5得25。 One and a half apples is lying on the plate. 盤(pán)子里有一個(gè)半蘋(píng)果。 注意 如果強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用復(fù)數(shù)。 One hundred cents make a dollar. 100美分就是一美元。 More than fifty years have passed since they got married. 他們夫妻共同走過(guò)了50多年。 (六)疑問(wèn)代詞作主語(yǔ) 疑問(wèn)代詞who, what, which作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要根據(jù)說(shuō)話人所要表達(dá)的意思決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)。 Who lives

14、next door? It is Edward John. 誰(shuí)住在隔壁？是約翰愛(ài)德華德。 Who live next door? It is Tom and Jack. 誰(shuí)住在隔壁？湯姆和杰克。 Which is(are) your book(s)? 哪本(些)是你的書(shū)？ What produce(s) heat?什么產(chǎn)生熱量？ (七)含有修飾語(yǔ)的名詞作主語(yǔ) 1謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)依所修飾的中心詞而定的情況 “分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, some, a heap of, heaps of,

15、half of名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與短語(yǔ)中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致，這是因?yàn)槎陶Z(yǔ)中后面的名詞是中心詞，而短語(yǔ)中前面的量詞是修飾語(yǔ)。 Lots of damage was caused by fire. 大量的危害是由火引起的。 Three fifths of the workers here are women. 在這兒3/5的工人是女性。 A large quantity of people are needed here. 這兒需要大量的人。 典例(湖南卷，26)Onethird of the country _ covered with trees and the m

16、ajority of the citizens _ black people. Ais; are Bis; is Care; are Dare; is 解析：A本題考查主謂一致。句意：這個(gè)國(guó)家的森林覆蓋面積占國(guó)土面積的三分之一并且大多數(shù)市民都是黑人?！胺?jǐn)?shù)詞名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于名詞的形式；“the majority of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 2謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況 (large) quantities of修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。a number of修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。large amounts of修

17、飾不可數(shù)名詞，其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。 Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge. 這座橋花了很多錢(qián)。 Quantities of food(nuts) were on the table. 許多食物(堅(jiān)果)在桌上。 注意 但是，“the number of名詞”的中心詞卻是number。試比較： The number of the key is 805. 這個(gè)鑰匙的號(hào)碼是805。 A number of questions were asked in the computer company yesterday. 昨天該計(jì)算機(jī)

18、公司問(wèn)了許多問(wèn)題。 3謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的情況 a great deal of, a large amount of修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。表示數(shù)量的one and a half后接名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但是其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 A large amount of/A great deal of damage was done in a very short time. 短時(shí)間內(nèi)已產(chǎn)生了大量的危害。 One and a half bananas is left on the table. 在桌子上有一個(gè)半香蕉。 (八)the形容詞(過(guò)去分詞)作主語(yǔ) 如果主語(yǔ)

19、為“the形容詞(或過(guò)去分詞)”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示人時(shí)謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等，但也有少數(shù)過(guò)去分詞與定冠詞連用時(shí)，用以指?jìng)€(gè)體，這時(shí)則用單數(shù)；表示物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 The young are able to create their own future. 年輕人能夠創(chuàng)造自己的未來(lái)。 The new

20、is sure to replace the old. 新事物一定會(huì)替代舊事物的。 The wounded are taken good care of in the hospital. 傷員在醫(yī)院里受到精心護(hù)理。 The departed was a wellknown engineer. 這名死者是位很知名的工程師。 (九)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、從句作主語(yǔ) 1非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ) 單獨(dú)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)，用連接詞連接多個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)表達(dá)不同概念時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)，表達(dá)同一概念時(shí)用單數(shù)。 Persuading him to join us seems really hard. 勸他加入我們似

21、乎很難。 To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是個(gè)好習(xí)慣。 To work and to live are two different things but they are always together. 工作和生活是兩件不同的事，但它們永遠(yuǎn)相伴。 2從句作主語(yǔ) 由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)，但所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 What we need is more time. 我們需要的是更多的時(shí)間。 What we need are doctors. 我們需要的是

22、醫(yī)生。 (十)There/Here be句型的主謂一致 由there或here引導(dǎo)的句子，主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常與鄰近的名詞或代詞保持一致。 There is a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk. 桌子上有一盞臺(tái)燈、兩支鋼筆和三本書(shū)。 Here are some envelopes and paper for you. 這些是給你的信封和紙。 There are fifteen kids and an adult playing in the stadium. 體育館內(nèi)有十五個(gè)孩子和一個(gè)大人在玩。 (十一)定語(yǔ)從句的主謂一致 1關(guān)系代詞

23、作主語(yǔ)的一般情況 關(guān)系代詞who, that, which等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。 Those who want to go to Quebec please sign your names here. 想去魁北克的人請(qǐng)到這兒來(lái)簽名。 Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun. 人類(lèi)使用的一些能源來(lái)自太陽(yáng)。 2句中有one of結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí) (1)在“one of復(fù)數(shù)名詞who/that/which”引導(dǎo)的從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞who/that/which的先行詞是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞而不是on

24、e，因此，從句中的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)形式。 He is one of the boy students who are always ready to help others. 他是樂(lè)于助人的男生之一。 (2)但是當(dāng)one之前有the only等修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞的先行詞是one，而不是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，因此從句的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是單數(shù)形式。 He is the only one of the students who comes from the south. 他是唯一來(lái)自南方的學(xué)生。 倒裝句 一、部分倒裝與全部倒裝 要用好倒裝句，必須清楚何時(shí)用部分倒裝，何時(shí)用全部倒裝。 1下列情況中用全部倒裝： 全部倒

25、裝是將句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部置于主語(yǔ)之前。常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)有： (1)在以副詞here, there, up, down, out, away, in等開(kāi)頭的句子中。 Here comes the bus. Out rushed Mr. Smith, with a stick in his hand. (2)當(dāng)句首狀語(yǔ)為表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)且主語(yǔ)為名詞時(shí)。 In front of the classroom stands a tall tree. (3)代詞such放在句首，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be時(shí)。 Such were the facts. (4)分詞/形容詞放在句首，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be，主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)

26、。 Seated on the ground are a group of old people. Present at the meeting were some famous professors. 2下列情況下用部分倒裝： 部分倒裝是指將謂語(yǔ)的一部分，如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)之前。如果句中的謂語(yǔ)沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需要添加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語(yǔ)之前。常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)有： (1)“so形容詞/副詞”置于句首時(shí)要倒裝。 So moved was he that he couldnt say a word. (2)用在以so, nor, neither開(kāi)頭的句子，表示前

27、面所述的情況也適用于另一個(gè)人或事物。so用于肯定句，表示“也一樣”；nor, neither用于否定句，表示“同樣也不”。句型是：So(Nor/Neither)be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)。 He didnt see the film yesterday. Neither/Nor did I. (3)在以never, little, hardly, nowhere, not, seldom等否定意義的副詞開(kāi)頭的句子中，使用部分倒裝。 Little does he care about what others think. Never shall I forget it. 典例(福建卷，29)It

28、s nice.Never before _ such a special drink! Im glad you like it. AI have had BI had Chave I had Dhad I 解析：C。本題考查倒裝與動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：太好喝了。我以前從未喝到這么特別的飲料！。你能喜歡我很高興。否定詞never置于句首，句子需用部分倒裝，排除A，B兩項(xiàng)，又由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)before可知，句子要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故C項(xiàng)正確。 (4)當(dāng)only所修飾的副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句放在句首時(shí)。 Only by practicing more will you be able to improve yo

29、ur spoken English. Only then did I realize that I was wrong. (5)not until.位于句首作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)。 Not until I had read your letter did I understand the truth. (6)在否定結(jié)構(gòu)not only.but also., hardly.when., no sooner.than.中，把not only., hardly., no sooner.置于句首時(shí)。 Hardly had I got to school when the first bell rang. (7)某些

30、含有no的詞組，如in no way, by no means, at no time, on no condition等位于句首時(shí)。 In no way can you leave freely. 你決不能隨便離開(kāi)。 警示 若主語(yǔ)為人稱(chēng)代詞，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不倒裝。 Here it is. Out he rushed, with a book in his hand. not until.位于句首作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，主句使用部分倒裝，until部分不倒裝。 牢記 如果是肯定前面所說(shuō)的情況，前后兩句的主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人或事物時(shí)，主謂不倒裝，其句型是：so主語(yǔ)be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 He is a good teacher. So he is. We all love him. 如果only后的成分不是狀語(yǔ)，則不倒裝。 Only Lin Tao knows this. Only the teachers are allowed to use the room. 鏈接 in no