qualfundepl(QFD)培訓(xùn)資料ppt課件

1、Quality Function DeploymentOverview質(zhì)量功能展開(QFD)概覽1. Introduction 導(dǎo)言2. QFD-A way of thinking QFD-一種思想方式3. QFD-A tool QFD-一種工具.QUIZQFD is a tool used in the _ strategy of MAPS.This strategy is used for _ problems, when _.QFD is part of the _ process at General Motors and Delphi Automotive.Objectives of

2、 the OverviewQFD概覽的主要目的1. Introduce the QFD way of thinking 引見QFD思想方式2. Introduce QFD Terminology 引見QFD專業(yè)術(shù)語3. Show the QFD Process 引見QFD實施過程.Part 1第一部分Introduction導(dǎo)言1.QFD is two thingsQFD的兩項用途A way of thinking:作為一種思想方式：thinking about Quality;思索質(zhì)量問題；striving for Continuous Improvement;努力于不斷改良；- under

3、standing the Customer and his/her needs; 了解客戶及其需求；- assuring the product satisfies those needs; 確保，產(chǎn)品可以滿足這些需求；- striving to excite the Customer. 努力激發(fā)客戶對產(chǎn)品的興趣。.QFD is two thingsQFD的兩項用途A tool:作為一種工具：for summarizing and organizing customer needs;用于匯總和調(diào)整客戶的各種需求；for prioritizing Customer needs with othe

4、r requirements;用于按優(yōu)先次序陳列客戶需求與其它要求；.QFD is two thingsQFD的兩項用途for translating Customer needs and other requirements into measureable product characteristics, and further translating into design features, material specs, etc.用于將客戶需求和其它要求轉(zhuǎn)化為可丈量的產(chǎn)品特性，并進(jìn)一步轉(zhuǎn)化為設(shè)計特點，資料規(guī)格等。Without the right frame of mind, the

5、 tool is meaningless.假設(shè)沒有一個正確的思想方式，這一工具將毫無意義。.Part 2第二部分QFD is a way of thinkingQFD是一種思想方式2.Quality質(zhì)量Some Traditional and Common Definitions一些常用的普通定義Manufacturer Side:制造商方面：Staying within tolerances不超出公差限制Passes inspection檢驗合格Works the first time無返工Zero defects無缺陷.Quality質(zhì)量Some Traditional and Commo

6、n Definitions一些常用的普通定義Use of SPC采用統(tǒng)計過程控制方法(SPC)Added features添加功能Expensive materials采用貴重原資料.Quality質(zhì)量Some Traditional and Common Definitions一些常用的普通定義Consumer Side:用戶方面Lasts a long time運用壽命長Never needs repair不需求維修Lots of features功能多High standards規(guī)范高Good fit of parts/solid feel零部件裝配適宜/結(jié)實鞏固Expensive ma

7、terials運用貴重原資料I know it when I see it一見便知.History of QFDQFD開展史Middle Ages-Master Craftsman中世紀(jì)-熟練工匠Industrial Revolution-Interchangeability/Mass Production工業(yè)革命-互換性/大規(guī)模消費Taylor Revolution-Productivity Up, Quality Down泰勒革命-產(chǎn)量提高，質(zhì)量下降1920s-Shewhart developed Control Chart20年代-休哈特發(fā)明了控制圖WWII-Statistical To

8、ols第二次世界大戰(zhàn)-統(tǒng)計工具.History of QFDQFD開展史Post-WWII-Shortage of Consumer Goods第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后-消費品短缺Japanese Revolution-Deming, Juran, Taguchi日本革命-戴明、朱蘭、田口.History of QFDQFD開展史1964-Cause and effect for control points1964年-控制點產(chǎn)生的緣由及其影響1966-Bridgestone tire linked product assurance items to demanded quality1966年-為滿

9、足質(zhì)量要求，制定了與Bridgestone輪胎有關(guān)的保證、產(chǎn)質(zhì)量量規(guī)范1966-QFD formalized by Prof. Akao1966年赤尾教授提出了QFD1972-揌ouse of Quality?demonstrated at Kobe Shipyard1972年-千葉造船廠推出了“質(zhì)量屋.History of QFDQFD開展史1977-Toyota Rust Study1977年-建立了豐田銹蝕研討所1980s-Japanese invasion of Auto Industry80年代-日本打入汽車業(yè)1990抯- 揝ix Sigma?tool at GE90年代-美國通用電

10、氣公司采用“6 Sigma方法.Control Points (from Akao, 1996)控制點(1996年Akao，教授提出)Plant Manager工廠管理人Section Mgr部門管理人Operators操作者Supervisors監(jiān)視員Manuf. Profit Rate消費利潤率Quantity Variance數(shù)量差別Individual Effectiveness個人效率Overall Yield總產(chǎn)量yield of product C產(chǎn)品C的產(chǎn)量quantity of items packed包裝產(chǎn)品數(shù)量use volume ratio運用容積 比率material

11、 quality資料質(zhì)量waste water廢水reaction temperature反響溫度downtime停機(jī)時間reaction base反響根底instrument accuracy儀器精度material temperature資料溫度active ingredients活性成份alkali level堿度color顏色odor氣味yield盈利率production volume產(chǎn)量Product Qualitiy產(chǎn)質(zhì)量量.GE Plastics Application美國通用電氣公司塑料制品運用情況Operating Margin 營業(yè)毛利Shipments 裝運量Impro

12、ve Service 改良效力Improve Product 改良產(chǎn)品Leadership Developmenet指點程度提高Core Growth中心增長Cost本錢Quality質(zhì)量Level I-Vision第一級 - 洞析.Comm.通訊Tech. Sourcing技術(shù)開發(fā)Manuf.制造H/R人類資源M&LM&LFinance資金籌措BPABPAResin樹脂F(xiàn)inishing精加工Level I-Vision第一級 - 總體目的Level II-Staff areas第二級 -人員Level III -Departments第三級部門Level IV- 揗y X抯第四級“我的Xs

13、LexanTM Business Unit業(yè)務(wù)部門My X answers: What do I control to improve earnings per share,.?我的X回答：我經(jīng)過控制什么才干提高每股的收益？指點程度提高中心增長營業(yè)毛利裝運量改良效力改良產(chǎn)品本錢質(zhì)量.Quality質(zhì)量Useful Definitions適用定義The ability to satisfy given needs (ANSI).可以滿足各項特定要求(ANSI)。 Minimum loss to society (Taguchi).給社會呵斥的損失最小(Taguchi)。The first of

14、these definitions focuses on the individual customer.其中第一項定義首先著眼于個別客戶。The second views society as a customer. Society includes everyone inside and outside the company.第二項定義將“社會視為一個客戶。“社會包括公司內(nèi)部和外部的每一個人。.Quality isThe Ability to Satisfy Given Needs質(zhì)量系指滿足各種特定需求的才干(The first part of the definition)(第一部分

15、定義).Quality isthe customers perception of the products ability to satisfy needs!質(zhì)量系指客戶知道產(chǎn)品可以滿足他們的需求！Quality質(zhì)量Customer客戶Product產(chǎn)品Knowledge知識Needs需求Expectations期望Values價值Features特點Functions功能Properties性能Condition條件Morup, 1993.Which Car Has Better Acceleration?哪種汽車的加速性能更好？time to accelerate to 60 mph (

16、%)加速到每小時60英里所需求的時間(%)020406080100120140American美國汽車Japanese日本汽車.The Reason.緣由01234501234567.Kanos Model of Customer NeedsKano的客戶需求模型Customers have different types of needs. Prof. Kano identified three types of needs, each delivered by a different type of product quality:客戶有三種不同類型的需求。Kano教授提出了三種客戶需求，

17、其中每項需求都遭到一種不同產(chǎn)質(zhì)量量的刺激。Customers Need客戶需求Type of Product Quality 產(chǎn)質(zhì)量量類型 Expected Need 預(yù)期需求 Basic Quality 根本質(zhì)量 Articulated Need 連鎖需求 1-Dimensional Quality - 維質(zhì)量 Hidden Need 潛在(隱含)需求 Exciting Quality 可以刺激需求的質(zhì)量.Kano抯 ModelKano質(zhì)量+Exciting可以刺激需求的質(zhì)量1-D - 維質(zhì)量Basic根本質(zhì)量Degree of Execution實施程度Degree of Customer

18、Satisfaction客戶稱心程度.Kano抯 ModelKano 模型Some features of Kano抯 model:Kano模型的一些特點：it is market/customer dependent由市場和客戶決議it is dynamic動態(tài)模型.A Product抯 Features and Characteristics fulfill the Requirements產(chǎn)品的特點和性能符合各項要求A goal in DESIGN is to identify the important product characteristics, and then to iden

19、tify a Target Value for each of them in order to satisfy customer requirements and make the product durable, reliable, robust, and manufacturable.設(shè)計的目的是確定重要的產(chǎn)品特性，然后確定每一特性應(yīng)到達(dá)的目的值，以滿足客戶要求，并使產(chǎn)品經(jīng)久耐用，運用可靠，結(jié)實鞏固，便于制造。This is doing the right thing.這樣做是對的。.In MANUFACTURING, we control and monitor our process

20、 to assure that the important product characteristics stay on target and the products come out the way they were designed.在制造過程中，我們該當(dāng)控制和監(jiān)視工藝流程，以保證重要的產(chǎn)品特性符合“目的要求，并使所制造的產(chǎn)品到達(dá)設(shè)計規(guī)范。This is doing things right.這樣做是對的。.Quality isMinimizing Loss to Society質(zhì)量就是盡量減少給社會呵斥的損失(The second part of the definition.)(

21、第二部分定義).Loss Function損失函數(shù)When a product characteristic is OFF TARGET, not only does the products consumer lose, because he/she is dissatisfied, but society loses as well, due to當(dāng)某個產(chǎn)品的特性不符合規(guī)定的要求時，這不僅會給感到不稱心的產(chǎn)品用戶呵斥損失，而且還會給社會呵斥損失。因為：more scrap in the plant;工廠廢品添加；shorter product life, resulting in land

22、fill;產(chǎn)品壽命縮短，用完就扔掉；inefficiency, resulting in wasted energy resources;效率不高呵斥能源浪費；.Loss Function損失函數(shù)noise, vibration, and pollution, resulting in irritation.噪音、振動和污染令人煩惱；There are other examples as well. 還可以舉出其它的例子。 .Loss Function損失函數(shù)Taguchi gives a method for depicting and quantifying the loss to soc

23、iety for a single product and for an entire production run. His method is the loss function.田口提供了一種描畫和量化“社會損失的方法。這種方法既適用于單一產(chǎn)品，也適用于整個消費過程，這就是損失函數(shù)法。.Loss Function損失函數(shù)Target目的Loss損失.Loss Function損失函數(shù)USL規(guī)格上限LSL規(guī)格下限UCL控制上限LCL控制下限Loss損失Product Characteristic產(chǎn)品特性Just meeting specs or control limits is not

24、good enough!僅僅符合規(guī)格或未超出控制限制是很不夠的！.Steps for Producing Quality保證質(zhì)量的步驟Find or Create a Market Need了解或發(fā)明市場需求Define the Requirements for the Product確定對產(chǎn)品的要求Design the Product for Quality:設(shè)計產(chǎn)品，確保質(zhì)量：Synthesize the Design for Quality, Reliability, Robustness (Concept Design and Selection)在設(shè)計過程中，綜合思索產(chǎn)質(zhì)量量、可靠性

25、、耐用性(概念設(shè)計和選擇).Steps for Producing Quality保證質(zhì)量的步驟Define the Target Values for the Product Characteristics (Detail Design)確定產(chǎn)品特性的目的值(詳細(xì)設(shè)計)Reduce Variation in manufacturing around the Target Values在產(chǎn)品制造過程中減少偏離目的值的偏向Continual Improvement of the Product不斷改良產(chǎn)質(zhì)量量.Quality Function DeploymentSummary (so far)

26、質(zhì)量功能提要(迄今為止)1. Introduction 導(dǎo)言2. QFD-A way of thinking QFD- 一種思想方式Quality: some traditional definitions質(zhì)量：一些傳統(tǒng)的定義There is no universal definition!沒有一種常用的定義Quality means satisfying needs質(zhì)量系指滿足各種需求.Quality Function DeploymentSummary (so far)質(zhì)量功能提要(迄今為止)Perception is important!了解質(zhì)量情況是非常重要的！Kano: Basic,

27、 1-D, and Exciting qualityKano：根本質(zhì)量、一維質(zhì)量和可以刺激需求的質(zhì)量Quality is related to MeasureableCharacteristics質(zhì)量與可丈量的特性有關(guān).Summary提要2. QFD-A way of thinking (cont.) QFD - 一種思想方式(續(xù))Quality means minimizing loss to society 質(zhì)量系指盡量減少給社會呵斥的損失Loss Function: make products to target損失函數(shù)：使產(chǎn)品到達(dá)目的要求Minimize variation = min

28、imize loss最大差別 = 最大限制地減小損失Steps for Producing Quality保證消費質(zhì)量的步驟Market, Requirements, Design, Manufacture市場、要求、設(shè)計、制造3. QFD-A tool QFD - 一種工具.Part 3第三部分QFD is a TOOLQFD是一種工具3.The activities associated with gathering, understanding, and translating customer needs and building these needs into the produc

29、t and process. 搜集、了解和闡明客戶的需求，并將這些需求融入產(chǎn)品和制造過程。_Deployment means that the customers needs are acted upon by many levels of the organization, and must therefore be translated accordingly.“展開系指由各級組織確保滿足客戶的需求，而且必需對這些需求作出相應(yīng)的解釋。.Demings Four Prongs of Quality戴明的質(zhì)量四要素1. Innovation in Product and Service; 革新

30、產(chǎn)品和效力；2. Innovation in Process; 革新工藝流程；3. Improvement of Existing Product and Service; 改良現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品和效力；4. Improvement of Existing Process. 改良現(xiàn)有工藝流程；QFD is especially suited for 3 and 4.QFD特別適宜其中第3、4兩項.QFD begins with the customer requirementsQFD首先著眼于客戶要求Ways to Obtain Customer Requirements了解客戶要求的途徑1. Send

31、 the customer a survey. 向客戶發(fā)送調(diào)查表。2. Ask the customer one-on-one. 逐個向客戶提出訊問。3. Focus groups. 偏重客戶群體。4. Visit the 揼emba?(preferred method). 親臨“現(xiàn)場(最好的方法).Other methods其它方法5. Focus group with an existing product to show. 向重點客戶群體展現(xiàn)現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品。6. Let the focus group design a product with no constraints. 讓重點客戶群體設(shè)

32、計一種產(chǎn)品， 不施加任何限制條件。7. Focus group with a concept to show. 向重點客戶群體展現(xiàn)一種想象。.Who is the Customer?誰是客戶？The person who designs the vehicle containing your product在其設(shè)計的汽車中采用了他的產(chǎn)品的汽車設(shè)計者The person who installs the product into the vehicle在汽車中安裝了他的產(chǎn)品的人The person who services the product, if needed, at the vehic

33、le plant在汽車制造廠，對產(chǎn)品進(jìn)展必要維修的人.Who is the Customer?誰是客戶？The person who buys the vehicle and uses the product (even if they don抰 know where or what your product is, it抯 important to them!)購買汽車并運用他的產(chǎn)品的客戶(即使他們不知道哪個產(chǎn)品是他的，以及它裝在什么地方，這對他們來說仍很重要！)The person who services the product, if needed, at a customer ser

34、vice garage在汽車修繕廠，對產(chǎn)品進(jìn)展必要維修的人The person who disassembles the product for reuse, recycling, or disposal為再用、回收或處置裝配產(chǎn)品的人etc.其它.A Game游戲揟he idea of this flag method is unique in that it incorporates priority focus and characteristics and factors relationships.?“旗標(biāo)法思想的獨特之處在于，它將優(yōu)先思索的重點、產(chǎn)品特性和各種要素之間的關(guān)系融為一體。

35、This game illustrates what can happen to customer requirements in the flowdown process!這項游戲闡明，在下行過程中會產(chǎn)生什么樣的客戶要求！.Next Important Step: 下一個重要步驟： Translate into Product Characteristics將客戶要求轉(zhuǎn)化為產(chǎn)品特性After collecting, sorting, and grouping the customer requirements, we must translate them into quantifiable

36、 product characteristics在搜集了客戶要求，并進(jìn)展挑選和分類后，必需將這些要求轉(zhuǎn)化為可以量化的產(chǎn)品特性。we don抰 understand the requirements until we 揷an express them in numbers?只需當(dāng)我們“可以量化客戶要求時，我們才算真正了解了這些要求。we can抰 objectively evaluate alternative designs unless we can do it with numbers只需當(dāng)我們可以經(jīng)過量化目的評價設(shè)計方案時，我們才干客觀地作出評價。.House of Quality質(zhì)量屋

37、A matrix tool for documenting the customer requirements and the product characteristics that affect them.用于闡明客戶要求和影響客戶要求的產(chǎn)品特性矩陣法。Reqmt要求PC產(chǎn)品特性PCPCPCReqmt抯要求PC抯產(chǎn)品特性.Flowdown下行過程Product characteristics from the top level matrix are translated into subsystem, component, even manufacturing characteristics. Each matrix is an input to the next level.上層矩陣中的產(chǎn)品特性應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)化為子系統(tǒng)、零部件、甚至是消費特性。每層矩陣都是下層矩陣的輸入。.Top Level頂層Subsystem Level子系統(tǒng)層Component Level零部件層Flowdown下行過程.Exercise練習(xí)Now let抯 look at the process in detail by working