外研版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法一、表示過(guò)去發(fā)生并且已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。例如：你讀過(guò)那個(gè)故事嗎？Have you read that story?（“讀”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響為：是否知道故事中的內(nèi)容） 我買(mǎi) 了兩個(gè)蘋(píng)果。 I have bought two apples.（“買(mǎi)”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是：擁有兩個(gè)蘋(píng)果）（一）、構(gòu)成：“助動(dòng)詞have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”（二）、句型結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定式：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞+其它。如：I havejust come back from Qinzhou.否認(rèn)式：主語(yǔ)+have/hasnot+過(guò)去分詞+其它。如

2、：I haven t seen the TV play.一般疑問(wèn)句：Have/ has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其它？如： Has Jack finished his homework?回答：肯定：Yes,主語(yǔ)+have/has.否認(rèn)：No,主語(yǔ) + haven t/ hasn t.特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+ 一般疑問(wèn)句？如： How long have you had the dog ?當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)完成以下句子：.李明還沒(méi)看過(guò)這本書(shū)了。Liming that book.他去看醫(yī)生了嗎？he see the doctor?.我非常高興，因?yàn)槲彝ㄟ^(guò)這次英語(yǔ)考試。I am very happy, because

3、 I the English exam.你在這等了多久了 ？you here?.媽媽把那本書(shū)弄丟了。Mum that book.你去哪了？Where you?（三）、常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)連用的幾個(gè)副詞：air6ady, just多用于肯定句中，yet, ever, never 多用于疑問(wèn)句和否認(rèn)句中。如：1、I have already finished my homework. 我已經(jīng)做完家庭作業(yè)。2、she hasjust had supper,她剛吃過(guò)晚飯。3、Have you ever sung this English song?你曾唱過(guò)這首英文歌嗎？4、They havenl done

4、 the homework yet.彳也們還沒(méi)有做作業(yè)。5、We have never seen an interesting film.我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有看過(guò)有趣的電影。6、We have just come home, and we had a wonderful weekend.我們剛剛到家，我們度過(guò)了一個(gè)愉快的周末。7、Have you ever been to Guilin?Yes, I have. I went there a month ago.I have been there two or three times.你到過(guò)桂林嗎？一一到過(guò)。我一個(gè)月前去過(guò)那里。我去過(guò)那里兩三次了。8、

5、 You can come with us to the cinema when you have finished your homework.你做完功課可以和我們一起去看戲。9、Most of them have already seen the movie.他們中大多數(shù)人已經(jīng)看過(guò)這部電影了。10 How long have you lived here? 你住在這里多久了？（四）、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：1、一般過(guò)去時(shí)只單純表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系；如：I finished reading the book three days ago.2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示某一完成動(dòng)作

6、對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況。如： I have finished reading the book now用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的情況：.當(dāng)有一個(gè)表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，$0: last year, two days ago, yesterday Just now等時(shí).-When did he leave ?-We weren t in last night .She often came to help me When we were very young.單純談過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，不涉及它對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響時(shí).-What did you have for your lunch?When did you

7、 have supper?用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的情況:.當(dāng)有一個(gè)表示到現(xiàn)在為止這段時(shí)間的狀，如recently, these days , so far, up till now, in the past 3 years, by the end of, for+一段時(shí)間 以及since引導(dǎo)的表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí).一Wehave learned a lot since we came to this school.-1 haven t slept very well these days.假設(shè)談一件已發(fā)生的事，主要考慮它對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響的。Have you had your lunch?Do you wan

8、t more?Thanks, I have had enough.即學(xué)即練用括號(hào)里適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空：1、We(see) the film twice, we it yesterday at school.2、一 you(read) the book before?一Yes, I.一When you it?一Last month.Zhaoqing(be) a small city 20 years ago, no wit(become) famous all over the world.3、有些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如this morning, tonight, this month等，可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般

9、過(guò)去 時(shí)，但它們表達(dá)的意義不一樣。用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)那么包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)，而用于一般過(guò)去時(shí) 那么與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)。例如；. I have read this story this April.我今年四月份看過(guò)這個(gè)故事了。(講話(huà)時(shí)仍然是四月份).1 read this story this April.我今年四月份看的這個(gè)故事。(講話(huà)時(shí)四月份已過(guò)).1 have written two letters this morning.今天上午我寫(xiě)了兩封信。(講話(huà)時(shí)仍是上午).1 wrote two letters this morning .今天上午我寫(xiě)了兩封信。(講話(huà)時(shí)已是下午或晚上)Exercise:-Wh

10、y not go to see the film with me?一 Because I it.A、have seenB. will seeD. sawD. sawC. have saw一Hello! Could I speak to Mr. King, please?一 Sorry, he s the supermarket.been atB. been toC. been onD. gone toI already my homework, I it last night.have, finished, have finishedhave, finished, finishedfinish

11、ed, have finished一Have you your breakfast?一Yes, I have.When you it?一1 hour ago.had, have hadB. do, have , hadC. had, did, haveD. had, have, have二、.表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始并一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，甚至還可能繼續(xù)下去。常和表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi))的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。一段時(shí)間的表達(dá)方法有兩種：for + 段時(shí)間： for a year, for two weeks,for three yearssince +過(guò)去的某一時(shí)咳 U : sinc

12、e last week.一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：since you came since you got home.They have lived here for ten years . She has taught in this school since three years ago.We have known each other since we were veryyoung.注意：用于這種用法中的動(dòng)詞必須是表示連續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞，如：live work teach study stay wait、know be have、learn wear walk、sleep 等，這類(lèi)

13、動(dòng)詞叫做“延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞”。英語(yǔ)中還有另一種動(dòng)詞, 如:die buy join marry become、begin fall come go、hear、 die、close open、leave、borrow、等，它們只表示短暫的動(dòng)作，不能表示一個(gè)延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞叫做“瞬間性動(dòng)詞”，它們可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，但是不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。判斷以下句子的正誤：.He has died (.)He has died for 2 years (.) TOC o 1-5 h z He has been dead for 2 years.().Helen has married. ()Helen

14、has been married for 5 years.()Helen has married for 5 years(.)瞬間性動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，但是他可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞L直接用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞buy - havecatch (get) a cold - have a coldborrow keeparrive / come / go/become beput on - wearget up be up轉(zhuǎn)換成be+名詞join the army - be a soldierjoin the Party - be a Party membergo to school -

15、 be a student換成be+形容詞或副詞die一 be dead finishend - be over begin be onleave 一be awayfall sleep - be asleepclose/ open - be closed/ openmarry 一 be married4.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+介詞短語(yǔ)go to school - be in schoolj oin the army - be in the army當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)選擇填空The shop has been for an hour.A. close B. closing C. closedHow long hav

16、e you the book?A. borrowedB.kept C. boughtThey Guangzhou for an hour.A. left B. have left C. have been away fromhave Foshan since ten years ago.A. come to B. arrive in C. been in5.1 bought a computer.A. for two daysB. since two days agoC. two days ago6 Class has been over.A. just now B. for a moment

17、 C. a moment agohave come back.A. for an hour B. yet C. AlreadyI the way. I here for quite many years.A. knew have livedB. knew liveC. know have livedD. know liveyou ever America ? Yes, I have.A. Have gone toB. Have gone inC. Have been toD. Have been inMybrother college for over three years.A. has g

18、one toB. has been toC. has been atHe the Army by the end of 1989.He in the army since then.A. joined isB. has joinedhas beenC hadjoinedisD. hadjoinedhas been. _you _ the text yet?Yes, we_it two hours ago.A. Did copy didB. Have copied haveC. Have copied did D.Did copy had TOC o 1-5 h z Why she angry

19、?”Because he at her just now .”A. did get shoutedB. has got shoutedC. didget has shouted_youthe film before ? Where_youit ?Haveseen did seeDidsee have seenC. Have seen have seen7.You me waiting for two hours.I for you since five.A. kept waitedB. have keptwaitedkepthave waited D. have kepthave waitedWhere_John_?To the library. He_there for an hour.A. has been hasgoneB.has gone has been C.did go wentD. did be wentA. already yetHave they taken down the old pictures?No, not.Most ofus have finished our compositions.He hasn t visited the museum.We have learned five lessons the beginningof this