初中英語(yǔ)題型突破——-短文填空解題方法與技巧-學(xué)案

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)專心-專注-專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)初中英語(yǔ)題型突破 短文填空解題方法與技巧（附專項(xiàng)練習(xí)）一、題型分析 一)、題型目標(biāo):初中英語(yǔ)短文填空類題型的特點(diǎn)是要求考生使用所掌握的詞匯(一般有名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、冠詞、介詞和連詞等)的適當(dāng)形式補(bǔ)全一篇有10個(gè)空缺的短文，使短文的意思完整、正確。該類題型注重檢驗(yàn)考生的閱讀、理解、句子分析、推斷的綜合能力和對(duì)詞匯、句法、語(yǔ)法及固定習(xí)慣用法的掌握和運(yùn)用。二)、題型特點(diǎn):1. 目標(biāo)明確，內(nèi)容清楚，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，綜合性強(qiáng)。2. 詞匯符合初中生認(rèn)知水平，文章長(zhǎng)短適

2、宜。3. 體裁多樣化：議論文，記敘文為主。4. 題材豐富：科普，社會(huì)，生活，人物故事。5. 緊扣熱點(diǎn)，貼近生活。三)、題型考查點(diǎn):1. 對(duì)固定搭配的考查：這種題目在短文填空中出現(xiàn)較多，對(duì)于這類題目，我們只需注重平時(shí)固定搭配的積累，在解題時(shí)，相信自己的第一感覺(jué)，在通讀文章過(guò)程中，即可快速填出答案。2. 對(duì)關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)的考查：關(guān)聯(lián)詞在句子中并不是主要成分，但是它們?cè)诰渥又袇s起著非常重要的作用，因?yàn)樗鼈冞B接兩個(gè)或更多的分句，反映了前后句子之間的關(guān)系，決定著考生對(duì)于篇章上下文的理解。3. 對(duì)詞性詞形轉(zhuǎn)換能力的考查：這一考點(diǎn)，是重中之重，不僅考查了學(xué)生是否能根據(jù)自己的語(yǔ)言水平選擇正確的單詞填入空缺處，更考查

3、了學(xué)生語(yǔ)言的轉(zhuǎn)換能力，能由一詞聯(lián)想到更多的詞，并選擇適當(dāng)?shù)男问教钊肟崭裰帯?. 閱讀、理解、推斷能力的考查：該考點(diǎn)側(cè)重學(xué)生對(duì)整個(gè)篇章的把控能力，能根據(jù)已有的信息進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)耐茢?，做出正確的判斷。 二、解題思路與方法點(diǎn)撥 一)、解題思路與步驟:1. 初讀短文，了解大意 2. 瞻前顧后，確定詞意3. 成分分析，明確詞性 4. 遵循語(yǔ)法，轉(zhuǎn)換詞形二)、解題方法與技巧:要做好短文填空題，除了平時(shí)要進(jìn)行大量的閱讀訓(xùn)練，積累豐富的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)、詞匯知識(shí)、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)外，還要掌握一定的解題方法和技巧，以便能夠更為準(zhǔn)確、快速地做好此類題型。1. 快速瀏覽，先讀不做首先，迅速閱讀以下短文，理解大意。掌握短文中主要人和事

4、，注意人稱和動(dòng)作時(shí)態(tài)。跳過(guò)空缺處，快速閱讀全文，從整體上把控全文大意，一定不能斷章取義，急忙填詞，影響對(duì)后文的理解。同時(shí)，該類題型第一句一般不設(shè)置空格，所以務(wù)必注重文章首句的理解。2. 專注空格，分析對(duì)比在領(lǐng)會(huì)了文章大意之后，填空時(shí)要根據(jù)空格句上下文和句子成分分析出該空格所缺少的詞意及需要的詞性，并對(duì)詞性做簡(jiǎn)單的標(biāo)注，例如：名詞n，動(dòng)詞v，形容詞adj，副詞adv等。3. 逐一填空，先易后難確定詞意和詞性后，要篩選最合適的單詞，提示注意詞的形式的恰當(dāng)變化，使所填的詞語(yǔ)符合語(yǔ)境需求、語(yǔ)法規(guī)則和語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣。做題時(shí)，要先易后難，先填有把握的空格，以降低整篇文章的理解難度。對(duì)于難度較大的空格，要全篇考慮

5、，多通讀幾遍上下文，回過(guò)頭來(lái)仔細(xì)推敲，體會(huì)作者的意圖，再確定該填什么詞。4. 通讀文章，復(fù)查答案填完所有的詞后，要回過(guò)頭來(lái)把短文再通讀一遍，整體把握，逐個(gè)檢查，以防止粗心大意導(dǎo)致的疏漏。三)、填詞類型與形式轉(zhuǎn)換要點(diǎn):(1)名詞：所填詞為名詞時(shí)，要考慮該名詞的單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)、所有格，是否可以變?yōu)樾稳菰~、動(dòng)詞、副詞。(2)動(dòng)詞：所填詞為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要有意識(shí)地考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式的變化以及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)和固定搭配，還有就是與其他詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換，比如是否可以變?yōu)槊~等。(3)代詞：所填詞為代詞時(shí)，首先要聯(lián)系前文明確指代的對(duì)象，再注意辨別和使用主格、賓格、名詞性物主代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、反身代詞、不定代

6、詞的具體哪種格式。(4)形容詞與副詞：所填詞為形容詞與副詞時(shí)，需要注重形容詞與副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)、反義詞的轉(zhuǎn)換，以及形容詞與副詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，同時(shí)，也要考慮形容詞是否可以變?yōu)槊~。(5)數(shù)詞：所填詞為數(shù)詞時(shí)，需要考慮基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞、以及相關(guān)數(shù)量和時(shí)間順序短語(yǔ)的運(yùn)用。(6)冠詞：所填詞為冠詞時(shí)，冠詞用法主要是放在名詞前起修飾或限定作用，注意a/an、the之間的用法區(qū)別，以及冠詞相關(guān)的數(shù)量短語(yǔ)，如：a lot of;a number of。(7)介詞：所填詞為介詞時(shí)，一般情況下，介詞使用只有兩種方式，放在名詞前、動(dòng)詞后以及其他固定的介詞短語(yǔ)，注意介詞后如果接表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，要變?yōu)閯?dòng)名詞V.ing

7、形式。(8)連詞：所填詞為連詞時(shí)，該類詞性詞形一般無(wú)什么變化，主要注重上下文的邏輯關(guān)系的理解及固定搭配。三、短文填空專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練：（5篇）訓(xùn)練（一）Im John Wood, a doctor at a famous Boston hospital.During the first two years of high school, I found biology very (1)_.My report cards always said things like “must study hard” or “John shouldnt choose science classes”.(2)_ was

8、 really terrible for someone who had always dreamed (3)_ becoming a doctor.I lost confidence, so I left high school at sixteen and (4)_ working at a supermarket.One evening I saw a documentary (紀(jì)錄片) about Albert Einstein.According to the documentary, Einstein had done really badly (5)_ school.I bega

9、n to think that Einstein could succeed, then I may (6)_ a chance, too.I didnt want to leave my job, (7)_ I decided to go to night school to finish high school.Two years (8)_, I went to (9)_ medical university.Ive often thought I should contact the reporter of the Einsteins (10)_ and thank him.As for

10、 the biology teacher, I might contact her, too, one daybut not to thank her!1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 訓(xùn)練（二）How much do you know about American schools? They are quite different from (1)_ in China.In America, (2)_ the beginning of the term, students must (3)_ their courses and teachers first.Whi

11、le in China, students usually have no chances to select their courses and teachers.Selecting is very important for your grades in America.So at (4)_ first term, dont select too many courses, (5)_ youll feel very nervous and it may influence your study.Then you have to (6)_ for help from teaching pla

12、ns.There is some information about subjects, time arranging, marks and textbooks.At the same (7)_, you must choose the teachers.Different teachers have (8)_ teaching methods.If the teacher is called “killer” by the last grade, many students will give (9)_ choosing him.(10)_ this kind of teacher will

13、 leave too much homework, too many exams and give too low grades.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 訓(xùn)練（三）Born in the city, I regard the country life as something far away.Im used to (1)_ in the city, even the noises and pollution.I have (2)_ been to the country.Nature is a strange word to me.This summer

14、 I had (3)_ opportunity to go with my parents on a visit to the countryside.(4)_ the first time in my life I have the experience with the country life.This is a small village far from cities.The (5)_ here is simple.It is different from the city life.There are few cars or other traffic on the way.The

15、 air is (6)_.The people are friendly.They are not as busy as people in big cities.Everywhere you can find them bathing (7)_ the sun.They (8)_ clean water.They enjoy the quiet life very much.Whats more, here you can (9)_ the sound of nature.You can see the children playing with water in the river and

16、 the dogs running after the people.All these make a wonderful picture of countryside.(10)_ I love the country life!1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 訓(xùn)練（四）China has the largest number of smokers in the world.Each year, about one million Chinese die (1)_ smokingrelated illnesses.Official statistics (統(tǒng)計(jì))

17、in 2011 showed that China (2)_ 300 million smokers, with another 540 million people forced to breathe in.China began taking part in (3)_ World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (世界煙草控制框架公約) in 2008.Governments at different levels have paid more (4)_ to tobacco control in th

18、e last few years.Beijing, Shanghai and Hangzhou have tobacco control rules.Half of Chinas public health institutions have been nonsmoking spaces (5)_ 2010.Smoking in some indoor public spaces and special (6)_ work spaces has not been allowed since January, 2011.Selling tobacco to (7)_ younger than 1

19、8 is not allowed.The seller should ask the buyer to (8)_ his or her ID card if he can not see (9)_ old the buyer is.For others and for yourself, please give (10)_ smoking.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 訓(xùn)練（五）True friends are hard to find.Often you thought you could believe in someone, but later he or

20、 she may let you (1)_.A true friend is sometimes a person who will always be there for you.Through good times or (2)_ times, they will stand by your side.They will not (3)_ you alone when things get difficult.They will accept you (4)_ trying to change you.A friend will bring new and exciting things

21、into your life and make it richer.True friends will keep your worst secrets as you will keep theirs.They will (5)_ honest and you can always believe in them.If you talk to someone who you believe in, you dont have to worry about what you may say.We can enjoy this freedom only with (6)_.Friendship is a twoway street.To find a true friend and keep the friendship between you, you must do the (7)_ thing as well.Be there for your friends when (8)_ are in need and share the good times with them.Offer the